CAL. STANDARDS REVIEWBM 1 Q1

• THE ELASTIC CLAUSE GIVES THE GOVERNMENT “FLEXIBILITY” WHEN THEY ARE MAKING DECISIONS. IT ALLOWS CONGRESS TO MAKE LAWS TO REFLECT CHANGING CONDITIONS.THE LOUISIANA PURCHASE IS AN EXAMPLE OF THE ELASTIC CLAUSE. JEFFERSON DECIDED TO PURCHASE LOUISIANA BECAUSE HE FELT UNEASY ABOUT FRANCE AND SPAIN HAVING THE POWER TO BLOCK AMERICAN TRADE ACCESS TO THE PORT OF NEW ORLEANS.Elastic Clause and the Louisiana Purchase11.1.2

THE ARTICLES FAILED BECAUSE THEY DID NOT GIVE ENOUGH POWER TO THE GOVERNMENT TO DEAL WITH EMERGENCY SITUATIONS OR TAXES.

LACKED A STRONG CENTRAL GOVERNMENT. THE STATES ACTED COMPLETELY INDEPENDENT OF EACH OTHER. ACTING FOR THEIR BEST INTEREST AND NOT THAT OF THE STATES AS A WHOLE. The Articles of Confederation11.1.1

The Great Compromise

THE IDEAS OF THE ENLIGHTENMENT INFLUENCE THE COLONIST POLITICAL THOUGHT….THEY BEGAN TO QUESTION THE MONARCHY…. THEY WANTED A NEW COUNTRY AND NEW GOVERNMENT.THEY USED REASON (WHAT MAKES SENSE) TO CREATE A NEW LIFE IN THE USA.Enlightenment

JOHN LOCKE’S IDEAS

NATURAL RIGHTS CANNOT BE TAKEN AWAY, THEY ARE GIVEN TO YOU BY GOD…..

LIFE, LIBERTY, AND THE PURSUIT OF HAPPINESSNatural Rights

MONTESQUIEU’S IDEAS:

A SUCCESSFUL GOVERNMENT REQUIRED SEPARATION OF POWERS.

Separation of Powers

MANY CITIZENS BELIEVED THE CONSTITUTION DID NOT PROTECT IT’S PEOPLE FROM THE GOVERNMENT , SO THE BILL OF RIGHTS WERE ADDEDBill of Rights

CITY ON A HILL BELIEVERS

GODS PLAN FOR HIS CHURCHES COULD BE SUCCESSFULLY REALIZED IN THE AMERICAN WILDERNESS.

FREEDOM TO PRACTICE RELIGION

TOLERANCE FOR ALL CHRISTIANS

Anyone not part of a Jesus based religion

Freedmen’s Bureau (1865) Bureau of Refugees,

Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands.

Many former northern abolitionists risked their lives to help southern freedmen.

Called “carpetbaggers” by white southern Democrats.

Freedmen’s Bureau School

13th Amendment Ratified in December, 1865. Neither slavery nor involuntary

servitude, except as punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States or any place subject to their jurisdiction.

Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

Slavery is Dead?

Black CodesPurpose:

* Guarantee stable labor supply now that blacks were emancipated.

* Restore pre-emancipationsystem of race relations.

Forced many blacks to become sharecroppers [tenant farmers].

Sharecropping

Tenancy & the Crop Lien SystemFurnishing Merchant Tenant Farmer Landowner

Loan tools and seed up to 60% interest to tenant farmer to plant spring crop.

Farmer also secures food, clothing, andother necessities oncredit from merchant until the harvest.

Merchant holds “lien” {mortgage} on part of tenant’s future crops as repayment of debt.

Plants crop, harvests in autumn.

Turns over up to ½ of crop to land owner as payment of rent.

Tenant gives remainder of crop to merchant inpayment of debt.

Rents land to tenant in exchange for ¼ to ½ of tenant farmer’s future crop.

14th AmendmentRatified in July, 1868.

* Provide a constitutional guarantee of the rights and security of freed people.

* Insure against neo-Confederate political power.

* Enshrine the national debt while repudiating that of the Confederacy.

Southern states would be punished for denying the right to vote to black citizens!

Black & White Political Participation

Blacks in Southern Politics Core voters were black veterans. Blacks were politically unprepared. Blacks could register and vote in states

since 1867. The 15th

Amendment guaranteedfederal voting.

15th Amendment Ratified in 1870. The right of citizens of the United States

to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

Women’s rights groups were furious that they were not granted the vote!