Ca. recti - kirurgi for radiologer

Post on 19-Jan-2017

274 views 2 download

Transcript of Ca. recti - kirurgi for radiologer

Oslo University Hospital Dept. Gastrointestinal Surgery CoE-Cancer Biomedicine Colorectal Cancer Research Centre

Kirurgiske teknikker ved rectum cancer

NFAR seminar – Gardermoen

02- mai 2016

Arild Nesbakken

Avd Gastrokirurgi og Barn

OUS – Ullevål

Oslo University Hospital Dept. Gastrointestinal Surgery CoE-Cancer Biomedicine Colorectal Cancer Research Centre

Rectum – anatomi / definisjoner Norge Japan

Flex rectosigmoid Øvre rektum Midtre rectum Nedre rectum

Analåpning

20

6

10

15

0

Sigmoideum

Oslo University Hospital Dept. Gastrointestinal Surgery CoE-Cancer Biomedicine Colorectal Cancer Research Centre

Endoskopisk nivå-diagnostikk; Houston’s folder; fint supplement v fleksibel skopi Houston’s 2 fold : Nivå 10 cm Peritoneale omslagsfold

2. fold

1. fold

3. fold

Fasit: Målt på stivt skop

Oslo University Hospital Dept. Gastrointestinal Surgery CoE-Cancer Biomedicine Colorectal Cancer Research Centre

Oslo University Hospital Dept. Gastrointestinal Surgery CoE-Cancer Biomedicine Colorectal Cancer Research Centre

Oslo University Hospital Dept. Gastrointestinal Surgery CoE-Cancer Biomedicine Colorectal Cancer Research Centre

PREOPEATIV DIAGNOSTIKK: Endoskopi

Oslo University Hospital Dept. Gastrointestinal Surgery CoE-Cancer Biomedicine Colorectal Cancer Research Centre

• Kvinne 75 år

• Konkl. Preop

• Sannsynlig premalign

Oslo University Hospital Dept. Gastrointestinal Surgery CoE-Cancer Biomedicine Colorectal Cancer Research Centre

Oslo University Hospital Dept. Gastrointestinal Surgery CoE-Cancer Biomedicine Colorectal Cancer Research Centre

Rektal ultralyd

Oslo University Hospital Dept. Gastrointestinal Surgery CoE-Cancer Biomedicine Colorectal Cancer Research Centre

Oslo University Hospital Dept. Gastrointestinal Surgery CoE-Cancer Biomedicine Colorectal Cancer Research Centre

MR bekken

Veileder vedr

forbehandling

Veikart for

kirurgen

Oslo University Hospital Dept. Gastrointestinal Surgery CoE-Cancer Biomedicine Colorectal Cancer Research Centre

Behandling ca recti: Oppgaven

• Kurere sykdommen

– Preoperativ stadievurdering

• Metastaser

• Lokal dybdevekst

• Forbehandling ?? Neoadjuv radiokjemo

• Unngå komplikasjoner

– Anastomose-lekkasjer ved lav fremre res

– Infeksjoner / Blødning ++

– Funksjonelle plager pga nerveskader

Oslo University Hospital Dept. Gastrointestinal Surgery CoE-Cancer Biomedicine Colorectal Cancer Research Centre

Prinsipper for kurativ kirurgi:

Total mesorektal eksisjon

Nøyaktig disseksjon i anatomiske plan

Bekken anatomi

• Rektum-rør

• Mesorektale fettpute

• Mesorektal fascie

• Parietal bekken-fascie

Oslo University Hospital Dept. Gastrointestinal Surgery CoE-Cancer Biomedicine Colorectal Cancer Research Centre

• Kurere sykdommen

– Nøyaktig preoperativ stadievurdering

• Er det fjernspredning (Metastaser) ?

• Hvor dypt vokser svulsten

• Er det spredning til lymfeknuter utenfor tarmen

• Unngå komplikasjoner

Oslo University Hospital Dept. Gastrointestinal Surgery CoE-Cancer Biomedicine Colorectal Cancer Research Centre

• Sylindrisk rektum - amputasjon

Oslo University Hospital Dept. Gastrointestinal Surgery CoE-Cancer Biomedicine Colorectal Cancer Research Centre

Sympaticus

Inferior hypogastric

plexus

Hypogastric nerves

Ejakulasjons-forstyrrelser

Retrograd ejakulasjon

Redusert ejakulasjon

Nerveskader v disseksjon utenfor korrekt plan

Oslo University Hospital Dept. Gastrointestinal Surgery CoE-Cancer Biomedicine Colorectal Cancer Research Centre

Parasympaticus

Pelvic nerves S2- S5

(nervi erigentes)

Plexus hypog. Inf

Nevrovascular bundles

Nerver til blære og genitalia

Urinretensjon

Redusert potens / impotens

Oslo University Hospital Dept. Gastrointestinal Surgery CoE-Cancer Biomedicine Colorectal Cancer Research Centre

Suboptimal kirurgi

Disseksjon innenfor korrekt plan

• Skade av den viscerale fascie i pelvis

– Disseksjon inn i mesorektale fettpute

• Øker risiko for lokalt recidiv

Oslo University Hospital Dept. Gastrointestinal Surgery CoE-Cancer Biomedicine Colorectal Cancer Research Centre Avdeling for kreftbehandling

Preoperativ strålebehandling Brukes i økende grad -- siste år 44 %

50 Gy vanligvis med 5FU eller kapecitabin

2014: 44 %

Oslo University Hospital Dept. Gastrointestinal Surgery CoE-Cancer Biomedicine Colorectal Cancer Research Centre Avdeling for kreftbehandling

Ulike operasjons-typer ved ca recti

Andeler

1993-1997 1998-2000 2001-2003 2004-2006 2007-2010 p

Lav fremre res 59 56 56 58 57 ns

Amputasjon 29 28 28 26 26 0.02

Hartmann 5 9 9 8 8 0.009

Lokal excisjon 7 6 6 6 5 0.02

Oslo University Hospital Dept. Gastrointestinal Surgery CoE-Cancer Biomedicine Colorectal Cancer Research Centre

Lav fremre rectum-reseksjon

Høy cancer Distal res margin: 5 cm

Lav cancer: Distal margin : 1 cm

Oslo University Hospital Dept. Gastrointestinal Surgery CoE-Cancer Biomedicine Colorectal Cancer Research Centre

Lav cancer Distal margin i tarmveggen : 1 cm Distal margin i mesorektum : Hele mesorektum tas med, Opp til 5 cm distalt for tumor

Oslo University Hospital Dept. Gastrointestinal Surgery CoE-Cancer Biomedicine Colorectal Cancer Research Centre

Lymfedrenasje fra rektum

Oslo University Hospital Dept. Gastrointestinal Surgery CoE-Cancer Biomedicine Colorectal Cancer Research Centre

Lymfeknuter regionalt

Oslo University Hospital Dept. Gastrointestinal Surgery CoE-Cancer Biomedicine Colorectal Cancer Research Centre

Regionale lymfeknuter / krøs-reseksjon

Høy cancer

Midtre / lav cancer

Oslo University Hospital Dept. Gastrointestinal Surgery CoE-Cancer Biomedicine Colorectal Cancer Research Centre

Løse mesosigmoid – sigmoid fra laterale og bakre

bukvegg

• Start lateralt

• Identifiser og

behold korrekt

plan på

mesosigmoideums

laterale / bakre

flate

Oslo University Hospital Dept. Gastrointestinal Surgery CoE-Cancer Biomedicine Colorectal Cancer Research Centre

• Medialt

• Incisjon peritoneum

bakre bukvegg

• Identifiser og behold

korrekt plan på

mesosigmoideums

mediale / bakre flate

• Sett av karene

– Art. / v mesent inf

Oslo University Hospital Dept. Gastrointestinal Surgery CoE-Cancer Biomedicine Colorectal Cancer Research Centre

Oslo University Hospital Dept. Gastrointestinal Surgery CoE-Cancer Biomedicine Colorectal Cancer Research Centre

Peritoneum incideres nedover langs rectumrøret

Deles foran og over (1 cm) omslagsfolden

Oslo University Hospital Dept. Gastrointestinal Surgery CoE-Cancer Biomedicine Colorectal Cancer Research Centre

omslagsfold Når dere sier innvekst i omslagsfold : Presiser eksakt

Oslo University Hospital Dept. Gastrointestinal Surgery CoE-Cancer Biomedicine Colorectal Cancer Research Centre

Tett på vesicula seminalis / bakre vaginalvegg

Oslo University Hospital Dept. Gastrointestinal Surgery CoE-Cancer Biomedicine Colorectal Cancer Research Centre

Oslo University Hospital Dept. Gastrointestinal Surgery CoE-Cancer Biomedicine Colorectal Cancer Research Centre

Oslo University Hospital Dept. Gastrointestinal Surgery CoE-Cancer Biomedicine Colorectal Cancer Research Centre

Hvor skal vi dele Denonvillier ved lav cancer ??

Oslo University Hospital Dept. Gastrointestinal Surgery CoE-Cancer Biomedicine Colorectal Cancer Research Centre

Hvor skal vi dele Denonvilliers fascie

• Heald – Ca midt på prostata

• Nå diskuteres – Individualisere ??

– Ingen tumor fortil: Gå bak Denonv. ?

– Avansert tumor fortil: Gå inn i prostata ?

Desto lengre nedover vi går foran Denonvillier - jo større risiko for impotens

Oslo University Hospital Dept. Gastrointestinal Surgery CoE-Cancer Biomedicine Colorectal Cancer Research Centre

Kvinner

Oslo University Hospital Dept. Gastrointestinal Surgery CoE-Cancer Biomedicine Colorectal Cancer Research Centre

Deling av rektum-røret distalt

Oslo University Hospital Dept. Gastrointestinal Surgery CoE-Cancer Biomedicine Colorectal Cancer Research Centre

Oslo University Hospital Dept. Gastrointestinal Surgery CoE-Cancer Biomedicine Colorectal Cancer Research Centre

Anastomose ved rectum reseksjon

Oslo University Hospital Dept. Gastrointestinal Surgery CoE-Cancer Biomedicine Colorectal Cancer Research Centre

Rekonstruksjon med EEA suturmaskin

Oslo University Hospital Dept. Gastrointestinal Surgery CoE-Cancer Biomedicine Colorectal Cancer Research Centre

Oslo University Hospital Dept. Gastrointestinal Surgery CoE-Cancer Biomedicine Colorectal Cancer Research Centre

Neorektal funksjon:

Avhengig av rekonstruksjon

Anastomose-lekkasje : Ca 10 %

Obs tolkning av CT m rektal kontrast

Oslo University Hospital Dept. Gastrointestinal Surgery CoE-Cancer Biomedicine Colorectal Cancer Research Centre

Avlastende ileostomi for å unngå lekkasje fra tarmskjøt

Legges alltid ved lav tarmskjøt (< 6 cm fra analåpningen)

x x 1/3 ut - 2 cm ned

Oslo University Hospital Dept. Gastrointestinal Surgery CoE-Cancer Biomedicine Colorectal Cancer Research Centre

Oslo University Hospital Dept. Gastrointestinal Surgery CoE-Cancer Biomedicine Colorectal Cancer Research Centre

Oslo University Hospital Dept. Gastrointestinal Surgery CoE-Cancer Biomedicine Colorectal Cancer Research Centre

Rectum-amputasjon med

permanent stomi

Oslo University Hospital Dept. Gastrointestinal Surgery CoE-Cancer Biomedicine Colorectal Cancer Research Centre

Conventional APR

- synchronous combined

Oslo University Hospital Dept. Gastrointestinal Surgery CoE-Cancer Biomedicine Colorectal Cancer Research Centre

Oslo University Hospital Dept. Gastrointestinal Surgery CoE-Cancer Biomedicine Colorectal Cancer Research Centre

Konvensjonell Sylindrisk

Oslo University Hospital Dept. Gastrointestinal Surgery CoE-Cancer Biomedicine Colorectal Cancer Research Centre

I praksis ikke mulig å

adaptere muskulatur så

godt

Vi legger aldri dren

Oslo University Hospital Dept. Gastrointestinal Surgery CoE-Cancer Biomedicine Colorectal Cancer Research Centre

Ofte problemer med sårtilheling,

Spesielt hos de som har fått strålebeh før op

Oslo University Hospital Dept. Gastrointestinal Surgery CoE-Cancer Biomedicine Colorectal Cancer Research Centre

Oslo University Hospital Dept. Gastrointestinal Surgery CoE-Cancer Biomedicine Colorectal Cancer Research Centre

Oslo University Hospital Dept. Gastrointestinal Surgery CoE-Cancer Biomedicine Colorectal Cancer Research Centre

Lokal eksisjon med TEM

Kurativ setting: T1 sm 1 – 2

Kompromiss: T2

Oslo University Hospital Dept. Gastrointestinal Surgery CoE-Cancer Biomedicine Colorectal Cancer Research Centre

TEM for lokal excisjon av tidlig cancer

Oslo University Hospital Dept. Gastrointestinal Surgery CoE-Cancer Biomedicine Colorectal Cancer Research Centre

Oslo University Hospital Dept. Gastrointestinal Surgery CoE-Cancer Biomedicine Colorectal Cancer Research Centre Avdeling for kreftbehandling

Resultater

5-års relativ overlevelse alle pasienter

63 %

54 %

Oslo University Hospital Dept. Gastrointestinal Surgery CoE-Cancer Biomedicine Colorectal Cancer Research Centre Dept. of Oncology

5- års Relativ overlevelse -- stadium I-III

Bedret fra 71 % to 81 %

Oslo University Hospital Dept. Gastrointestinal Surgery CoE-Cancer Biomedicine Colorectal Cancer Research Centre Dept. of Oncology

Reduksjon lokale residiv

14.5 %

5 %

Redusert

Historisk 28 %

Guren MG et al, Acta Onc 2015

Oslo University Hospital Dept. Gastrointestinal Surgery CoE-Cancer Biomedicine Colorectal Cancer Research Centre Dept. of Oncology

Ingen endring i forekomst fjernmetastaser

Uendret

Oslo University Hospital Dept. Gastrointestinal Surgery CoE-Cancer Biomedicine Colorectal Cancer Research Centre

Oslo University Hospital Dept. Gastrointestinal Surgery CoE-Cancer Biomedicine Colorectal Cancer Research Centre

Hva vil jeg vite av MR - radiologen i MDT

• Tumors nedre nivå = relasjon til puborektalis ikke til analåpning

• Tumors lengde

• Tumors utbredelse rundt circumferens (kl)

• Dypeste infiltrasjon – hvor rundt circumferens ?

• Hvor dypt

• Minste avstand mrf

• Hvis T4b – beskriv nærmere

• Er det metastase-suspekte lymfeknuter i mesorektum

• Hvis nei -- ikke si noe mer om lymfeknutene

• Hvis ja - hvor og hva er avstand til mrf

• Er det karinnvekst

• Hvis ja - lokalisasjon -- avstand karinnvekst til mrf

• Er det sannsynlige lymfeknute-metastaser på bekkenveggen

• Hvis ja - lokalisasjon

Oslo University Hospital Dept. Gastrointestinal Surgery CoE-Cancer Biomedicine Colorectal Cancer Research Centre