• BYOD- Using your electronic device

1. Define Filibuster2. Google Strom

Thurmond’s record filibuster…What was he trying to do?

Bell Ringer

• Cold War Strategies1. Brinkmanship

2. Foreign Aid

3. Alliances

4. Propaganda

5. Proxy Wars

6. Containment

7. Domino Theory

• Foreign Policies: 1. Marshall Plan

2. Truman Doctrine

3. Korean War

4. Arms Race

5. Space Race

6. Eisenhower Doctrine

7. Crisis Control

5.

Dwight D. Eisenhower• President Jan 1953• GI Bill- provided vets with

business, home and college loans 1944

• Strong Military & Economics– Show capitalism was better

than communism.

• NEW LOOK– Not keep a large

expensive army.• More Bang for the Buck

– Nuclear weapons ready

Arms Race

• Competition between nations for superiority in the development and accumulation of weapons.

• Not limited to USA & USSR

Arms Race

• Nuclear Deterrence– Theory that an

enemy will not use nuclear weapons as long as they can be destroyed as a consequence.

Arms Race

Cold War Nuclear Arms Race• 1949

– USSR develops A-Bomb– U.S. no longer lone

Superpower

• Mid 1950s– Both sides have H-

Bombs• US first H Bomb• USSR first ICBM

• 1960s – enough warheads to

destroy one another• Massive Fallout,

“Nuclear Winter”

Defense Spending escalates 40% from 1949 to 1959 • Federal Budget• 1945 12% allocated to

defense spending• 1960 55% allocated to

defense spending

Weaponry• USA

– Preferred Bombers

• USSR– ICBM’s

• Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles

• Long range• Gave USSR the lead

in the Space Race

Yuri Gagarin

Valentina Tereshkova

NASA launched

1st US satelite

1st USSR satelite

1st animal in space Laika

Neil Armstrong

1957 1969

Sputnik Crisis

• Space Race started as a means to launch Intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs)

• Oct 1957-Soviets launch Sputnik- 1st satellite to orbit earth

• Americans afraid U.S had fallen behind Soviets.

• NASA– Fear from Sputnik– Created by congress– Research rocket science

& space exploration.

• National Defense Education– Provided school funding

for• Math• Science• Foreign Language

Brinkmanship• Brinkmanship-

– the willingness to go to the brink of war to make the other side back down

• Asia– China threatened to

seize Taiwan…– US threatened w/

Nuclear weapons. – China backed down

Nikita Khrushchev• 1953 Stalin Dies• Power Struggle ensues • 1956 Khrushchev

emerges as leader of USSR

• Secretly Defied Stalin’s Policy

• Defiance caused E. European countries to rebel.

• Used military force.

Your grandchildren will live under COMMUNISM!

Crisis Middle East• Iran 1953– Great Britain stealing Iran oil.– Iran kicks Brits out and

“nationalize oil”– USA claims Iran going

“Commie”– US and GB overthrow Iran govt.– Puppet regime in Mid East. – Containment but really Oil

• Suez Crisis 1956– Prevent communism in the

middle east.– GB, France & Israel want

control of Suez Canal– USSR sides with Egypt– In fear of losing Egypt to

communism, USA stops GB, France & Israel

Eisenhower Doctrine 1957• Countries could request US

economic or military aid if threatened by another nation…

• "to secure and protect the territorial integrity and political independence of such nations, requesting such aid against overt armed aggression from any nation controlled by international communism."

1950s Culture, Technology and Society

Facing the Bomb• Mass hysteria of Soviet

attack• Duck and Cover

– “protection from Nuclear blast”

• Fallout– radiation that would kill

those the blast didn’t.

• Fallout shelter– Underground buildings

stocked with food and water.

•dream of a successful life•growth of big business•businesses•franchising:

• chain stores• Dept Stores• McDonald's

•Conformity: • influenced by others

• Clothes• Speech• Music• purchases

•Individuality disappears•Church

• Damnation gone• Love & Peace

American Dream

Consumerism

-buying of material goods

-new products

polyester, Teflon, electronics

Keeping up with the Joneses!

New TV

New Car!

New Freezer

-planned obsolescence: things will go out of date – have to buy new ones!

-credit cards

-Influenced by advertising

Advertising!

• “Soap Opera”– Selling detergent during

daytime television• Marketing to specific

viewers.• Pays for programming• Supports Consumerism

Car Culture

Interstate Highway System

-growth of suburbia: commuting a necessity

Connects states with system of high travel roads

-trucking industry: interstate makes long haul possible

-social effects cruising teens, drive ins and drive-thru, car advertisements, travel hotels

Transport – Nuclear Missiles

Suburbia-most new homes were in the suburbs, 85%

-baby boom generation by 1957 there was 1 baby born per 7 seconds

Baby boom leads to:

-Medical breakthroughs

Jonas Salk: vaccine for polio

-Childrearing; do it by guidelines

Dr. Spock’s influence: raise kids a certain way, widely published, encouraged communication

Television

Early shows• Live variety acts• Many flaws & mistakes• Simplistic

TV-• Mass Media

• Promotes Conformity

• People think alike• Shows

• Ideal suburban life• No real female role

models• No Minorities or

Poverty• Male superiority• No violence

BUY

Conform

Don’t think

No questions

Poverty

-25 %of Americans were below poverty line (what is needed to survive)

• White Flight• million of middle class

whites moved to suburbs• loss of tax dollars hurt city

services• lots of rural poor move to

cities• breakdown of inner cities• Urban Renewal: HUD,

improve inner city, help poor

Not seen on TV

Beatniks

-beat movement

social and literary non-conformists

-non-material lifestyle shunned regular work

-set precedent for the hippy generation with very little structure

-clashed with regular America described as exact opposite

Rock-n-Roll

-Alan Freed: coined term

rock-n-roll music black and white

-Little Richard, Chuck Berry, Bill Haley, Buddy Holly, Elvis Presley: King of Rock and Roll

-Ed Sullivan Show variety show, ET of all sorts

-Dick Clark American Band Stand

-reaction to rock music: Teens love it, Adults hate it