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DOC ID © Chevron 2013
<Title of Presentation>
By: <Author Name>, <Organization>
<Date>
<Title of Presentation> By: <Author Name>, <Organization>
<Date>
17th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION
ON LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG 17)
Refrigeration Compressor Driver Selection and
Technology Qualification Enhances Value for the
Wheatstone Project
By: Pankaj Shah, Chevron (presenter)
Co Authors:
Mark Weatherwax, Chevron
Meredith Chapeaux, Chevron
Karl Masani, ConocoPhillips Company
Cyrus Meher-Homji, Bechtel Corporation
17 April 2013
17th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION ON
LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG 17)
© Chevron 2013
Topics
• Project background
• Driver alternatives
• Driver selection
• Technology qualification
• Conclusions
2
DOC ID © Chevron 2013
Project background
© Chevron 2013 4
Wheatstone Project
2.0 BCFD Processing Platform
73m water depth 2x4.45 MMTPA LNG Trains
0.2 BCFD Domestic Gas Plant
44” Export Pipeline
225 km to Plant
0.4 BCFD Subsea Wells & Facilities
(Apache / Kufpec)
1.6 BCFD Subsea
Wells & Facilities
(Chevron / Shell)
Barrow Island
Subsea Centre
WA-356-P
WA-356-P
WA-253-P
WA-17-R
WA-16-R
© Chevron 2013
Plant location
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• Ashburton North Strategic Industrial Area
• Located about 12 km SW of Onslow
Population about 450, increasing to 650 in winter
Primary industries agriculture (sheep), salt (Onslow Salt) and fishing
© Chevron 2013
Onshore facilities
• 2 x 4.45 mtpa LNG trains; Condensate and
domestic gas production
• ConocoPhillips Optimized Cascade® process
• Modular construction strategy
• 2x150,000 cum FC LNG tanks
• USD 29 billion
investment
• Planned expansion
to 25 mtpa of LNG
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DOC ID © Chevron 2013
Driver alternatives
© Chevron 2013
Evolution of drivers in LNG industry
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© Chevron 2013
First application of gas turbines
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Kenai LNG – First Application of Gas Turbines in LNG Service (1969)
© Chevron 2013
First application of LM2500 Aero Derivative Turbines
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Darwin LNG – First Application of LM2500 Aero Derivative Turbines in LNG Service (2006)
DOC ID © Chevron 2013
Driver selection
© Chevron 2013
Project specific factors influencing driver selection
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Key project specific factors influencing driver study
Fixed feed stream flow limiting ability to utilize
excess driver power
Compositional uncertainty with regards to feed
stream nitrogen content requiring flexibility with
available power
Site ambient conditions; ambient temperature
ranging from 13oC to 40oC (extremes 5oC to 47oC)
Other criteria for selection include emissions, total
installed cost, LNG Production, operating cost,
technical/operational/schedule risk, etc
© Chevron 2013
Driver study alternatives
i. 6 x LM2500+G4 with mechanical refrigeration for
inlet air chilling (IAC)
ii. 6 x LM2500+G4 with Inlet Air Humidification
(IAH)
iii. 7 x LM2500+G4 with no power augmentation
iv. 6 x LM6000PF with IAH
v. 7 x LM2500+G4 with IAH
vi. 7 x LM2500+G4 with IAH and HRSG and steam
turbine power generation
vii. 2 x Frame 7EA and 2 x Frame 5D
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© Chevron 2013
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
7000 7050 7100 7150 7200 7250 7300 7350 7400 7450 7500
vii
vi
viii
iv
i
ii Discounted Prof itability Index X
Net P
resent
Valu
e
Present Value of Capital Expenditure
Discounted Prof itability Index Y
Alternative Description
i 6xLM2500+G4 with IAC
ii 6xLM2500+G4 with IAHIII 7xLM2500+G4 with no augmentationiv 6xLM6000PF with IAH
v 7xLM2500+G4 with IAHvi 7xLM2500+G4 with IAH and Steam Cyclevii 2xFrame 7EA
Selected driver – LM6000PF
• 6 x LM6000PF with IAH was the selected based on
a combination of low TIC, attractive NPV and DPI
• Technical risk managed via a technology
qualification plan
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DOC ID © Chevron 2013
Technical qualification
© Chevron 2013
• Formal methodology and toolbox of resources
• Joint effort between Chevron, Bechtel, GE and CoP
• Identified systems/sub-systems for qualification
• LM6000 TQP completed in December 2009
Chevron Technology Qualification Process
16
© Chevron 2013
Major TQP Activities/Findings
• Dynamic Simulations
Train shut-down and startup simulation by Bechtel
The compressor train takes over 20 seconds to decelerate to approximately 1800 rpm
LM6000PF engine simulation during train shut-down by GE using their engine simulator
Gas turbine can stop in less than 5 seconds without stall occurring within the axial turbine.
• Compressor selections for the base case design operating conditions
• Compressor capable of full pressure restart
• Train Torsional Analysis for the Methane compressor train
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DOC ID © Chevron 2013
Conclusion
© Chevron 2013
Technology Qualification Conclusions
All major TQP risks and open action items
have been addressed and closed
Design review
Modeling and Simulations
Quality control/inspections
Testing at Supplier Facilities
Field inspection and testing
Gas Turbine Performance Testing
Full load string testing
LM6000PF – acceptable mechanical drive
option for Wheatstone
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© Chevron 2013
Questions
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© Chevron 2013
Ambient temperature impact on gas turbine performance
Power augmentation
is essential
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0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
Lapse Rate - Avg Amb. To Ext High Amb.
Gas Turbine Lapse Rate (Avg Ambient to Extreme High Ambient)
LM6000PF
LM6000PF w/Evap Cooler
PGT25+G4
Frame 6B
Frame 7EA
© Chevron 2013
High ambient temperature operation options
• Overfiring of gas turbines
• High purity refrigerant propane
• Add sprint to propane LM6000 gas turbine
• Inlet mechanical chillers
• LiBr chiller package
• Helper motor for propane compressor gas turbine
• Compressor impellor technology with higher
turndown capability
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