Post on 30-Dec-2019
Building Automation Training and LonMark Certification Institute
Programs
Ron Bernstein
CEO/ED LonMark International
Smart Building Automation Training Program
Instructor:
Ron Bernstein President – RBCG, LLC
Course Module 101: An Introduction to Smart Buildings
Level: Introductory Prerequisites: None
Class Topics
Smart Buildings Concepts
Open Integrated Buildings
Key Terms and Definitions
Introduction to Building Systems
©Copyright 2014 by RBCG, LLC All rights reserved
Why
What How
Drivers of Smart Buildings
Philosophy
Psychology Technology
Drivers of Smart Buildings
Drivers of Smart Buildings
Philosophy
Planetary Consciousness
Climate Awareness
Green and Sustainability
Future Minded
Psychology Safety
Security
Comfort
Economy
Technology Automation
Interoperability
Open Systems
Monitoring/Control
Communication
Influencers Strategy
Drivers Core Beliefs
Methods Techniques Tactics
Drivers of Smart Buildings
Policy
Programs Partners Agencies Non-profits Consortia Grants
Government Initiatives Standards Bodies Regulatory Bodies Corporate Standards
Vendors Investors Developers Suppliers Consultants Integrators
Smart Building/Campus Systems
Comfort/Productivity
•Heating
•Cooling
•Ventilation
•Lighting
•Air Quality
•Sound Quality
•Public Address
•Irrigation
Fire/Life Safety
•Smoke
•Fire/Flame
•Toxic Gas
•Emergency egress
Security
•Access
•Intrusion
•Gates
•Parking
•Badging
Metering
•Power metering for electricity
•Gas – boiler, heat
•Water – domestic usage, chilled, hot, irrigation
Communication
•Voice
•Data
•Video
•Signage
Safety
•Streetlights
•Traffic
•Emergency Signage
•Alarming
•Sensor Grids
Utilities
•Electricity
•Gas
•Water
•Trash
•Beer (colleges)
•Wine (nor Cal)
Smart Buildings Key Concepts
No Connectivity
• No Integration
• No Communication
• No Control
• Higher Cost to Operate
• Higher Cost to Maintain
• Less Energy Efficient
Dumb Buildings
10 ©Copyright 2014 by RBCG, LLC All rights reserved
Smart Building
Full Connectivity • Good Integration • System to System Communication • Partial to Fully Controlled • Integrated Control Network • Central Monitored • Operational Efficient • Better Visibility • Energy Efficiency Across Systems
11 ©Copyright 2014 by RBCG, LLC All rights reserved
Smart Building Key Performance Indicators
Ability to network
(system and subsystem)
Ability to collect
information (historical)
Ability to see
information (real time)
Ability to process
information (analyze)
Ability to make
decisions (report)
Ability to compare
(baseline evaluate)
Ability to validate
over time (trend)
Ability to control (take
action)
©Copyright 2014 by RBCG, LLC All rights reserved
Definitions of Common Terms for Building Systems
Definition – Smart Building
A smartly designed building
• Enhances the performance of the building
• Provides greater ease of operation over its life-cycle
• Minimize the long-term costs of facility ownership to owners, occupants and the environment
• Higher performing building
• All components of the building are integrated
• Improves operational performance
• Increases occupant comfort and satisfaction
• Provides the owner with systems, technologies and tools for better management
• Minimize energy consumption
©Copyright 2014 by RBCG, LLC All rights reserved
Definition - DDC
DDC – Direct Digital Control
• Refers to the ability of a control system to implement computer micro processor based technology to control equipment
• Has the ability to “communicate”
• Has the ability to make decisions
• Can both monitor and control locally
• Is programmable
• Replaced most “Pneumatic” based systems
• Is over 40 years old
• Current system designs implement DDC concepts
• Foundation for “Open Communications” system technology
©Copyright 2014 by RBCG, LLC All rights reserved
Definition - BAS
Building Automation
System (BAS)
• The facility automated control system comprised of all mechanical system automation, and automatic temperature control, lighting control, and other relevant building controls sub-systems as defined.
• The BAS is responsible for the operational functionality of each system.
• The BAS may run autonomously from other systems and may not require a central building management system (BMS) to operate.
• In the event of a loss of communication to a BMS server, the BAS shall continue to operate.
• The BAS is built upon a single network infrastructure.
• This infrastructure may include structured wiring, control network wiring, routers, bridges, raceways, and interfaces as required connecting all sub-systems and devices.
©Copyright 2014 by RBCG, LLC All rights reserved
Definition - BMS
Building Management
System (BMS):
• The BMS is the central management system responsible for any necessary management, oversight, visualization, configuration, and performance monitoring of the building sub-systems.
• A typical Building Management System provides ancillary oversight responsibility for a given Building Automation System.
• However, a BMS is not typically providing operational interaction with a BAS. If a BMS interface becomes offline – the BAS continues to perform its required functionality reducing the potential for a single point of failure.
©Copyright 2014 by RBCG, LLC All rights reserved
Definitions - FMSI
FMSI (Facility Master System
Integrator)
• Tier 1 umbrella position contracted to help oversee the specification and implementation of DDC, BMS and BAS systems
• The FMSI is usually accountable for assuring Interoperability between sub-systems and different buildings
• Provides and maintains a common Graphical User Interface
• Assuring products from multiple bidders and vendors meets the requirements of the project specification
• Technical go-between for the various sub-trades (Controls, Electrical, and Mechanical etc.)
• Interface to the owners IT team
• Provides check and balance to the owner
©Copyright 2014 by RBCG, LLC All rights reserved
Other Terms
• EMS
• Interoperability
• Interchange-ability
• Compatibility
• Plug and Play
• Functional Profile
• And many more
Building Systems
24/7 Monitoring Service/Maintenance Demand Response Conditioned Monitoring Vehicle Charging
Home Electronics Audio Video Computers
FIRE Functionality checks Detector service Valve Pressure Fire, Life, Safety
ACCESS Doors Buildings Occupancy Feed Forward
ENERGY Appliances Electronics Utility Monitoring (Elec/Water/Gas/Oil) Load Shedding Air/Water Heat Lighting Solar Generation
HVAC Air-Handling Unit Boilers Pumps Fans Energy Control Hot Water Heaters Air Quality
Appliances Breakdown Maintenance Performance SECURITY
Doors PIR Integration
LIGHTING Indoor/Outdoor: Schedules Occupancy Sensing
W G E
Remote Monitoring and
Control Service Provider
Application Interfaces
Building Systems
21 Source: Ron Bernstein Consulting Group, LLC
Other Building Systems
Fire/Life Safety
• Smoke
• Fire/Flame
• Toxic Gas
Security
• Access
• Intrusion
• Gates
• Parking
• Badging
Metering
• Power metering for electricity
• Gas – boiler, heat
• Water – domestic usage, ice
Utilities
• Electricity
• Gas
• Water
Communication
• Voice
• Data
• Video
©Copyright 2014 by RBCG, LLC All rights reserved
More Building Systems
IAQ – Indoor Air Quality
Audio/Video/Public Address
Emergency Signage
Elevators/Escalators
Irrigation
Outdoor Lighting – Pathway, Roadway, Parking, Façade
Weather Station
©Copyright 2014 by RBCG, LLC All rights reserved
Module Review
• Critical and non-critical systems
• Smart vs Dumb buildings
• Smart building criteria list
Smart Buildings Concepts
• Energy efficiency objectives
• Operational efficiency objectives
• Cost savings
• Key performance indicators (KPI) of smart buildings
Open Integrated Buildings
• Open Systems, Interoperable, Interchangeable, Compatible, DDC, FMSI, BAS, BAS, EMS and more
• Profiles and controllers
• OPEX, CAPEX, ROI
Key Terms and Definitions
• HVAC, Lighting, Energy, Irrigation, Security, Access, Power, Metering…
Introduction to Building Systems
©Copyright 2014 by RBCG, LLC All rights reserved
End of Course Module 101 An Introduction to Smart Buildings
Smart Building Automation Training Program
Instructor:
Ron Bernstein President – RBCG, LLC
Course 102: Fundamentals of Building Open Control Networking Systems
Level: Introductory Prerequisites: Course 101
Class Topics
Trend Toward Open Systems
Elements of Control Networks
Control Networking
Protocols
Convergence of IT and BAS Networks
The Trend Towards Open Integrated Systems
What Is An Open Integrated System?
• The ability to install products from multiple sub-systems and from multiple vendors into a single cohesive system.
Building Management
System
HVAC
Lighting
Metering
Power Fire/Life Safety
Security
Occupancy
Common Monitoring and Control
Network
Trane
GE
Veris
Siemens Honeywell
Johnson Controls
Schneider Electric
Integrated System
Shared common infrastructure
Multiple subsystems working together
Multi vendor equipment and devices
Scalable architecture
Connectivity to enterprise
Interoperability
Common device profile model
Key Design Objectives
Reduce installation costs
Lower maintenance costs
Reduce training costs
Leverage investments
Multi-system connectivity
Single user interface
Competitive bidding
Choices of vendors
Reduction of proprietary systems
Elements of an Open Control Networking Platform
Control System Elements Network Tool
User Interface Equipment Devices
Controllers
Display
HMI
Routers,
Repeaters,
Network Interface Channel
Essential Elements of an Open System
Devices
• The controllers on the network
• Applications specific devices
• Programmable devices
• Packaged equipment
• Scheduling, Alarming, Data logging
Infrastructure
• The wire the nodes connect to
• The routers that pass the data
• Interfaces
• Bandwidth
• Security
• System architecture
• IT Routing
• Gateways
User Interface
• PC Based
• Web Based
• Tablets
• Smart Phone
• Dashboards
• Kiosks
• Flexibility and Choices
Tools
• Design Tools
• Network Management
• Commissioning Tools
• Database issues
• Plugins
• Scheduling, Alarming, Data logging
Enterprise Connectivity
• IT Interface
• Security
• Access restrictions
• Big data interface
• Large project architecture
• Design for the future
• Scalability issues
Operation & Maintenance
• Long term competitive service contract
• Availability of spare parts
• Staff training
• Sustainable design
• Legacy System Integration
• Self-manage, Self-maintain, Self-modify
Foundation of an Open System
• Common physical interface - transceiver Products from multiple vendors interoperate
• Common network management platform Tools from multiple
vendors interoperate
• Unbundling hardware from software from installation Opens up for fair
competitive bidding
• Increases competition, accountability Enables owners to “own”
their systems
• Reduces costs, improves efficiency Removes the “Locks”
• Provides validation and enforcement International standards
Control Networking Protocols
Definitions - Protocol
Control Networking
Protocols
• The rules and procedures defined for devices to share information
• Common “Language” for communication
• Sharing common transport “media”
• Defines the media access requirements
• Defines the addressing requirements
• Defines who, how, and what is communicated
• Provides security components
• Follows a well defined, repeatable mechanism
• Defines “peer-to-peer” and/or “master/slave” communication rules
• Follows ISO/OSI Model…
ISO/OSI Protocol Layers
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical
Physical Media
OSI – Open Systems
Interconnect Reference
Model
Implementation of the
ISO standard – 7 Layers
Protocol Optimization for Controls
Intelligence at the point of control
Reduce reliance on centralized systems - single point of failure
Powerful microcontroller based devices – the norm
Host computer for “higher level” functionality – reporting, analytics
Multiple vendor devices sharing common infrastructure
Unique device addressing, data sharing (binding), and configuration
Network management follows “IP” style model
Network Commissioning
Addressing Physical to logical identification
Binding Connecting source and destination data flow
Configuration Setpoints, defaults, update timing
Security Network access privileges, passwords, encryption
Routing Media changes, network expansion, traffic isolation
Gateways Integration of legacy systems, proprietary systems
Certification Device conformance and validation to a standard device profiles
Building Protocols
• Media Types Supported Protocol
• Wired Modbus – Field Equipment Bus
• Wired, Wireless Ethernet
• Twisted Pair Wired, Powerline, IP, Wireless LonWorks – LonMark
International
• Wired, IP BACnet – BACnet International
• Wired KNX
• Wireless Zigbee
• Low Power Wireless EnOcean
• Wired DALI
• IP Wireless WIFI
• Device Level Wireless ZWAVE
PRESENTATION TITLE PRESENTER
DATE
Data Server, Alarm Server Web Server, Router
LAN – Site IP Ethernet Network
Standard Network Variables Exchanged Between Devices , Web/Alarm/Data Server, and GUI
Tier-3 Equipment
Tier-2 BAS
Tier-1 BMS
WAN –Fiber, INTERNET
Firewall – IT Switch
Multi-Tier System Architecture
Sensors
Actuators
Sensors/Actuators Standard 4-20mA, 0-10VDC, relay wiring
Site Database Including Drawing and Project Files Backed Up to Server (Archives Only)
Dashboard Interface Network Tools Diagnostics Web Interface Remote access, Text, Email Smart Phone, Tablet
Enterprise Data Center Rack Server Backups
Twisted Pair Wire Network Device Control Network
Workstation Interface Access to Web/Data/Alarm Server
Any Networked Workstation Alarm Processing, GUI, Dashboards
Equipment Display Diagnostics (HMI) Red/Green Status Lights
User Interface Display Interface Access to Server
Firewall Router Internet connectivity
Energy and Control Effected Systems
HVAC –chillers, air handlers, VAV systems, economizers, cooling towers
Lighting - indoor, high-bay, emergency, facade, walkway, parking lot, and roadway lighting
Energy Management - metering, sub-metering, and load management
Power Systems - generation, cogeneration, and renewables
Life Safety Systems - laboratory fume hood, smoke evac systems, fire detection, suppression, toxic gas monitoring, CO2 monitoring
Elevator/Escalators
Process Control Systems
Energy and Control Effected Systems
Security and Access Control Systems
Audio/Visual Systems
Water Systems - irrigation, hot water/cold water, waste water
Alarming and Annunciation Systems
Occupancy and Vacancy Systems
Monitoring, Control and Reporting - user interfaces, alarming and alerting, trending, scheduling, data analysis
IT and Data Systems, LAN, WAN, VPN and related systems
Course Review
• What is an “Open Integrated System”
• The value of system integration
• Access to more information yields smarter buildings and better decisions
Trend Towards Open Integrated Systems
• Key elements of control networks
• Open systems and open protocols
• Foundation of an Open System
Elements of Control Networks
• Definition of a Protocol
• Communication protocol functionality & options
• Control networking protocols basics
Control Networking Protocol
• Combining data and control networking
• Building networked sub-systems
• The big picture of facility management
Convergence of IT and BAS Networks
End of Course Module 102 Fundamentals of Building Open
Control Networking Systems
Smart Building Automation Training Program
Instructor:
Ron Bernstein President – RBCG, LLC
All course content Copyright 2015 RBCG, LLC all rights reserved.
Course 104: Specifying Building Automation Systems
Level: Intermediate Prerequisites: Course 101, 102, 103
Class Topics
Building Automation Specifications
4 Tier Spec Model
Roles and Responsibilities
Specification Components
ASHRAE Guideline 13
Specifying BMS
Legacy Systems
A Team Approach
Owner Design
Engineer Equipment
Supplier System
Integrator
Master System
Integrator
IT and Information
Services
Key Elements of BAS Specifications
Performance and functionality
Sequence of operation
Equipment requirements
Controls infrastructure
Communication requirements
Integration requirements
Monitoring and control user interface
Connectivity to data network
Security and reliability
Additional Elements of BAS Specifications
Training
Documentation, testing, startup and commissioning requirements
Submittal requirements
Warranty and service requirements
Codes and standards
Certifications and qualifications of equipment and contractors
Spare parts and service requirements
Computer hardware and software
Diagnostic reports and tools
Panels, placards, safety, location information
Trends in Building Automation Specifications
Driving Better Specifications
Energy efficiency and environmental sustainability
Reduced operational expense budgets
Greater desire for integration
Advancements in front GUIs and analytics tools
Requirements for open system and competitive bidding
Integration of the BAS with the IT infrastructure
System Components B
uild
ing
Dat
a A
bst
ract
ion
Tier 1
Enterprise IP Network
Site/Enterprise – Software, Servers
User Interface, Database, Analytics,
Demand Response, Load Shed
IP Backbone, VLAN, Web
Tier 2
Building Level Network
Multiple Sub-System Integration
HVAC, Lighting, Metering
Open Building Control Network Communication Infrastructure
Tier 3
Sub System Equipment
Building Equipment and Controls
Chiller, AHU, Light Panel
Connectivity to Control Network
Tier 4 Sensors and Actuators
Temperature, Pressure Sensors
Valves, Motors, Probes, Relays, Current Loops
Hardwired to Controllers, No Built-in Smarts
Model Objectives
Define design requirements for each tier
Establish roles and responsibilities for each sub-system into the BAS
Define handoff between tiers
Follow an IT model for data and control networking
4-Tier Contractor Segmentation B
uild
ing
Dat
a A
bst
ract
ion
Tier 1 Enterprise/Site
BMS Connectivity FMSI
Tier 2 Building Infrastructure
Connectivity – BAS Control Panel
System Integrator
Tier 3 Equipment Level: Controllers Equipment
Vendor/Controls
Tier 4 Sensor Actuator
Device Level
Electrical Sub-contractor
Tier Level Purpose Contractor
Components of a Good Specification
Specification Elements
Performance, Function, Environmental, and Technical Elements – Text Document
•Sequences of operation
•Hardware and software
•Equipment
•Infrastructure
•Roles and Responsibilities
•And much more
Drawings
•System Architecture
•Wiring, Locations, Terminations
•Call Outs
Points Lists
•Device Profiles, AI/AO, DI(BI)/DO(BO, Virtual Points, Alarmed, Trended Monitored, etc.
Conformance and Code Criteria
•Certification, Validation, and Compliance
Handoffs, Submittals, Standards
•Checklists
Warranty, Training, Spares, Commissioning, Startup, and more
BMS Specification Requirements
• Alarming • Scheduling • Energy Metrics • Analytics • Configurable Rules Engine • Optimization • Trending, Graphing • Reporting • Data Imports and Exports • Monitoring • Graphical User Interface
ASHRAE Guideline 13 Specifying Building Automation
Systems
ASHRAE Guideline 13 Specifying Building Automation Systems
• Updated in 2015
• Significant enhancements
• Interoperability
• Protocol neutrality
• More performance and functionality
• Less prescriptive
• Multi-tier architecture model
ASHRAE Guideline 13 Specifying BAS Systems TOC
Foreword 2
1 Purpose 2
2 Scope 2
3 Preamble 2
4 Building Automation System (BAS) Overview 3
5 Design and Construction of Building Automations Systems 24
6 About Clauses 7, 8, and 9 36
7 Specification Part 1: General 37
8 Specification Part 2: Products 63
9 Specification Part 3: Execution 129
10 Instructions to Other Contractors 158
11 Valves and Dampers 166
12 BAS Device Network Design 168
13 Legacy Control Systems 211
14 References 217
Informative Annex A: Sample Specification Outline 220
Informative Annex B: BACnet 222
Informative Annex C: LON 224
Informative Annex D: Interoperability Case Studies 227
Informative Annex E: Performance Monitoring 242
Informative Annex F: Sources of Protocol Specific Specification Language 226
BAS Design – Increasing Integration
Systems
Levels HVAC Lighting Security Energy Fire
Tier 1 Master System Integrator
BMS Front End
Lighting Front End
Security Monitoring
Energy Dashboard
Fire Alarm Monitoring
Ethernet IP Network
Tier 2 Controls Contractor
HVAC Panels
Lighting Relay Panels
Security Panels
Power Panels Fire Panel
BACnet, LonWorks, Modbus, Others
Tier 3 Mech. or Elec. Contractor
Air Handlers, Chillers, Control Devices
Fixtures Switches Occupancy Sensors
Door Strikes Window Sensors
Sub -metering Relays, Contactors, Loads
Sprinkler Heads, Smoke/Flame Detectors
Ver
tica
l In
tegr
atio
n
Horizontal Integration – To BMS Front End
IoT and Cyber Security
New Levels of Exposure
• Direct access to IP addresses from OUTSIDE THE BUILDING
• Firmware “OTA” Over the Air Updates
• Remote Device Monitoring, Communication and CONTROL
New Risks
• Access Levels
• Passwords/Pass Phrases
• Hacking Potential
• Internal Threats vs. External Threats
• Device Level Security
• Data Integrity
• Network Integrity
• Data Ownership
• Privacy
Guideline 13 – Specifying BAS
Existing – 2015 Version
• BAS Design
• Systems and Sub-systems
• Components and Equipment
• Network Infrastructure
• Control and Connectivity
• Integration and Interoperability
• Basic Sequences/Logic
• Legacy Systems
In Development
• Advanced Sequences
• Fault Detection and Diagnostics
• IoT Integration
• Cyber Security
• Building to Grid
Guideline 13 Committee Soliciting Membership Support Help us shape the future of BAS Design
Course Summary
Overview, drivers, and trends of BAS specifications
Review the 4 Tier architecture and the spec requirements for each tier
Contractor/Supplier Roles and responsibilities
Components of a Spec
BMS Front End Spec Requirements
BMS IT integration and security specification requirements
Legacy system considerations
ASHRAE Guideline 13 BAS Specification
End of Course Module 104 Specifying Building Automation
Systems
Training and Testing Programs
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http://test.lonmark.org
Questions
Ron Bernstein CEO/ED LonMark International
ron@lonmark.org