Post on 04-Apr-2018
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Mohamed Bakry
Issue:BTD090208
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Confidential Information of Brilliance Tech.
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The main purpose for site integration drive test is to:
check the site coverage, site performance, neighbor relation, frequency
interference, and the quality of service for this site after getting it on air.
Egypt Map
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Drive Test data is quite important for estimating the system performance and
helping to trouble shooting. Therefore, analyzing drive test data is an essentialskill for RNP engineers.
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Single Site Verification (Indoor an Outdoor)
Cluster Test Benchmark
Night Action Plans (Migration, Changing parameters or special action)
Special Problem (No Limitation)
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Frequency Plan for 2G and Engineering Parameters for 3G
Configuration Map Updated Cell File
Route
RF Neighbors
Software:TEMS or Genex Probe or any test SW
Hardware: Mobile TEMS, GPS, Portable PC
Test Problem Sheet
(1)
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Definition File (Cell File)
Without it, it is impossible to observe Overshooting neighbors
Neighbor list with
definition file
Neighbor list without
definition file
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Interface and
Functions
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BSIC Undecoded in Other Site No Handover
Delay Handover
Ping Pong Handover
Negative Handover
Overshooting High Overlapping
No Dominant Server
Poor Coverage Interference
Handover Failure
Handover Loss
Drop Call
Sudden Power Drop MS Power Rapid Increase
Below lists common problems which can be observed from Drive Test Log.
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Description:
BSICs cant be decoded in 5s Usually consider 3 strongest neighbors
Reason:
GCLK shift, only decode same site BSICs
Channel interference
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Description:
Neighbor BSIC is decoded and COMMON handover requirement isfulfilled but there is never a handover
Reason:
Missing neighbor.
Interference (Co or Adj-Channel Interference).
Serving cell overshoots covers too far away.
Optimization Parameters Issue (Optimization Team Responsibility).
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Description:
Neighbor BSIC is decoded but handover occurs in much later time
Reason:
All possible neighbors suffer blocking
Optimization Parameters Issue (Optimization Team Responsibility)
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Description:
Lot of handovers between cells
Reason:
Hardware fault
UL/DL interference
Different coverage footprint for antennas of a cell
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Description:
Serving cell hands over to a weaker neighbor
Reason:
Optimization Parameters Issue (Optimization Team Responsibility).
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-59dBm
before
HO
-66dBm
after
HO
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Description:
Cell shoots at far distance but that location has closer cells around
Reason:
Overshooting cell has small down tilt, 0 degree!
Overshooting cell has too high altitude
Closer cells have overshooting as well
BSIC of closer cells cant be decoded
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Overshooting cell (30663) volunteered to serve the MS.
Serving Cell
MS
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Description:
Cells have major RxLevel difference within 5dB
Reason:
Overshooting
Too many cells in that area
Poor antenna down tilt
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Over Lapping Area
-65dBm
-65dBm
-65dBm
-65dBm
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Description:
RxLevel of best neighbors are close to that of serving cell
Reason:
Poor antenna down tilt
Lack of near-by site
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Description:
Low RxLevel with RxQuality
Reason:
Lack of cell site
BSIC of dominant server cant be decoded
Dominant server has blocking or cell-bar
Handover problem. E.g. missing & incorrect neighbor, negativehandover, no & delay handover
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Description:
Coverage area of the cell is incoherent to the antenna direction
Reason:
Wrong cable connection to antennas (Cross Feeder)
ARFCN in the cell file is swapped
Wrong azimuth in the sectors
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Confidential Information of Brilliance Tech.
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Cell ID: 30661BCCH: 984
Cell ID:30663
BCCH: 982
Cell ID:30662
BCCH: 977
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Description:
High RxLevel with RxQuality
Reason:
Co or Adjacent Channel Interference.
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Interference
Co-ChannelInterference
Adjacent ChannelInterference
RF carriers of the same
frequency are transmitting
in close proximity to each other.
the transmission from one RF
Carrier interferes with the other
RF carrier.
An RF source of a nearby
frequency interferes with the
RF carrier.
Example:F = x
F(Co) = x
F(Adj)= x+1
(Or) x-1
Both Co & Adjacent channel interference make degradation in
the cellular network performance.
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Description:
MS fails to reach Target Cell, so return to Source Cell
Reason:
Channel interference (Co or Adjacent)
Poor coverage
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Description:
MS fails to reach target cell, but cant return to source cell
Reason:
Channel interference
Poor coverage
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R l t d I
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Related Issues
Handover (HO)
Power Control
Discontinuous Transmission (DTX)
Concentric Cells
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HO (H d )
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As the Ms subscribers are in motion so MSs
tend to go from either poor Coverage or
poor Quality area to another better one,So hand over has to be occurred to save both
the network performance & customer
Satisfaction.
Causes of HO:
1- RF level signal strength.2- TA (Time advance) [MS distance].3- Quality.
Serving
Cell
NeighborCell
which neighbor cell to hand
the MS over to?
the MS performsmeasurements of its
surrounding neighbor cells
and reports its findings to
the network.
HO (Handover)
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Saves radio battery power at the MS.
- Helps to reduce co-channel and adjacent channel interference.
The BTS will
Adjust the TX
Power of Each MS
to ensure that
The Rx signal at
the BTS is
Maintained within
The defined power
Window.
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Di ti T i i (DTX)
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Voice Call
Speech Silence
Voice Activity Detection (VAD)
Saves radio battery power
at the MS (where the MS
Doesn't transmit unnecessaryMessage data).
Discontinuous Transmission (DTX)
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C t i C ll
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Concentric Cells
The Concentric cell feature has been recently introduced as a solution for radio
networks with high demands in traffic capacity under distinct bandwidth restrictions.
The idea is to split the cell area of a normal cell into an inner Zone (Overlaid) and anouter zone (underlaid) by operating a certain number of carriers (inner zone carriers)
at a lower transmission power . MS situated in the outer zone communicate on the
outer carriers. The mobiles which are closer to the base station preferably
communicate on the inner carriers but they can use the outer carriers if needed. A
handover algorithm is introduced to handle the
Underlaid
Overlaid
O to U
U to O
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Si l Sit V ifi ti
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Single Site Verification
Techniques and Technical Description
For 2G and 3G
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New Site
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Coverage
QualityCapacity
Customer ComplainsNo Signal
Poor Voice Quality
Network Busy
New Site
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Drive Test
VSWR
HO
Blocking
Coverage
Quality
Neighbors
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Confidential Information of Brilliance Tech.
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1- Call Attempt
Call EstablishedCall blocking
Call blocking100%
The site is not
defined in the
MSC.
Call blockingBut not 100%
Congestion Interference Wrong Mechanical
Or Electrical
antenna tilting.
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2- Call Established
Yes NO
Continue Testing Continue troubleshoot
the site
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3- Checking defined neighbors.
Nothing definedRight installed
The optimizer should defined the neighbors
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No neighbors are defined to the serving site
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4- Checking the azimuth of each antenna
NORight installed
BSS team
should adjust
the azimuth of
the antenna.
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S1
S2 actual
S2 supposed
S3
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5- Make sure that, the site coordinates is right
NOYES
Get the actual site
Coordinates using
GPS.
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Wrong
Coordinates
RightCoordinates
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6- Measuring output power value
Not acceptedAccepted value
VSWR
Wrong Configuration
Crossing between GSM & DCS feeders
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7- HO is allowed
Not allowed
(HO failure)
Allowed
Faulty of the BTS
Neighbors are not
Defined or defined
in a wrong Way.
Due to traffic
congestion.
Co or Adj-Channel
Interference.
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8- Drop calls
YESNO
Poor Rx Level Poor Rx Quality Cross Feeders or missingneighbors or
Overshooting problem
Poor Coverage Blocking
Interference Issue Very Poor RX Level
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9- HO parameters
Negative HO Delayed HOSmooth
Fixing the HO parameters with the optimizer
Ping Pong HO
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10- Cross feeders
YESNO
Production team
should repair this
Cross feeders
problem.
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11- Interference
YESNO
Co-channelinterference
Adjacent-channelinterference
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Cell (32297) was intensively interfering serving cell (33358)
Suggestion: Change frequency of (32297) and/or (33358).
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The Adj-Channel Interference
from CI 30351 caused the
dropped call on CI 31021
Recommendation:
1- Modify the frequency 983 on
CI 30351.
2- Or Down tilt 30351.
Dropped call
position
Adj-Interferer Cell
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12- site Coverage
Poor CoverageOvershootingAs the site objective
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The dropped call cell was 30663 due to that overshooting cell (30663) volunteered to
serve the MS.
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The dropped call cell was 31077
Suggestion:Delete (31078) from the Neighbor L ist of (30287) [but leave the opposite unidirectional relation].
Add (32807/32802) to the Neighbor L ist of (30287).
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The dropped call cell was 33977.
Suggestion:No Action required.
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KPI Introduction
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KPI (KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS)
Indicates overall performance of network over a period of time
Good way to monitor network trends and anticipate future problems
Data obtained from drive test and traffic statistics
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2- Call Setup Success Rate (CSSR) = Number of success calls / Number
of attempt calls
1- Call Drop Rate (CDR) = Number of Dropped Calls / Number of
established calls
3- Handover Success Rate (HOSR) = Number of success HO / Number of
attempt HO
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