Post on 17-Jan-2018
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British Rule in India What can you infer about British
imperialism in India from this picture? During the Age of
Imperialism from1850to1914, Europeans dominated Africa &
Asia
During this era,no nation could match the industrial, military, or
colonial power of Britain Among all of Britains colonies, the most
valuable was India
Britain had so many colonies that it was said that the sun never
set on the British Empire Among all of Britains colonies, the most
valuable was India How did India become the brightest jewelin the
crown? In the 1600s, Europeans gained a foothold in the Indian
Ocean trade
After Vasco da Gamas discovery of a water route to India in 1498,
European trade with India increased By 1700 also, Britain and
France had gained a foothold in the region. Having failed to win
control of the larger area, the English East India Company focused
much of its energy on establishing outposts in India. There, the
English developed a successful business trading Indian cloth in
Europe In the 1600s, Europeans gained a foothold in the Indian
Ocean trade Conflicts between Hindus & Muslims further weakened
India
The British East India Company was formed to trade exotic Asian
goods in Europe & America The East India Company set up trade
posts in major port cities in India By 1700, Indias Mughal Empire
was in decline & small states ruled by a maharajah were formed
Conflicts between Hindus & Muslims further weakened India The
East India Co gained more control of India Raw materials like
cotton helped fuel Britains industrial revolution
The East India Company made huge profits creating plantations to
harvest tea, coffee, cotton, & opium Raw materials like cotton
helped fuel Britains industrial revolution Opium was refined in
India & smuggled into China; Opium addiction helped the British
gain access to Chinese trade The East India Company sold cheap,
British-made textiles to Indian people From 1750 to 1850, the
British East India Co
From 1750 to 1850, the British East India Co. ruled most of India
with little interference from Britain To protect their trade &
territories, British officials hired Indian soldiers called Sepoys
By the 1850s, Indian resentment for the British was growing
Execution of sepoys By the 1850s, Indian resentment for the British
was growing In 1857, rumors spread that Sepoy gun cartridges
supplied by the British were greased with pork & beef fat Hindu
& Muslim Sepoys were outraged & rebelled against the
British The Sepoy Mutiny lasted over 1 year; The British govt had
to send troops to help the East India Co. The Sepoy Mutiny was a
turning point in Indian history
In 1858, the British govt took control from the East India Company
& ruled India directly; British rule was called the Raj &
lasted until 1947 The British government made important
improvements in India including railroads,telegraph & telephone
lines, roads, canals, dams, bridges British Queen Victoria assumed
the title of Empress of India Britain also built schools,
hospitals, irrigation projects, & medical improvements British
rule hurt the native Indian economy, further divided social
classes, increased hostility between Muslims & Hindus The
British emphasis on cash-crop plantations led to food shortages
& famine in India(7 million Indians died due to starvation in
1876) India was not the only European colony in Southeast
Asia
The Dutch East India Co.gained control of theEast Indies in the
1600s Dutch Expand Control The Dutch East India Company, chartered
in 1602, actively sought lands in Southeast Asia. It seized Malacca
from the Portuguese and fought the British and Javanese for control
of Java. The discovery of oil and tin on the islands and the desire
for more rubber plantations prompted the Dutch to gradually expand
their control over Sumatra, part of Borneo, Celebes, the Moluccas,
and Bali. Finally the Dutch ruled the whole island chain of
Indonesia, then called the Dutch East Indies. (See map opposite.)
Management of plantations and trade brought a large Dutch
population to the islands. In contrast to the British, who lived
temporarily in India but retired in Britain, the Dutch thought of
Indonesia as their home. They moved to Indonesia and created a
rigid social class system there. The Dutch were on top, wealthy and
educated Indonesians came next, and plantation workers were at the
bottom. The Dutch also forced farmers to plant one-fifth of their
land in specified export crops. The Dutch profited from rubber,
tin, oil resources & cash-crop plantations India was not the
only European colony in Southeast Asia
In the 1840s, France seized control of Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia in
Indochina French Control Indochina The French had been active in
Southeast Asia since the 17th century. They even helped the Nguyen
(nuhWIN) dynasty rise to power in Vietnam. In the 1840s, during the
rule of an anti-Christian Vietnamese emperor, seven French
missionaries were killed. Church leaders and capitalists who wanted
a larger share of the overseas market demanded military
intervention. Emperor Napoleon III ordered the French army to
invade southern Vietnam. Later, the French added Laos, Cambodia,
and northern Vietnam to the territory. The combined states would
eventually be called French Indochina. Using direct colonial
management, the French themselves filled all important positions in
the government bureaucracy. They did not encourage local industry.
Four times as much land was devoted to rice production. However,
the peasants consumption of rice decreased because much of the rice
was exported. Anger over this reduction set the stage for
Vietnamese resistance against the French. The French profited from
rice plantations