Brief Response:

• A disappointed Bolivar wrote,• “We have achieved our independence at

the expense of everything else.” • Why was Bolivar disappointed?

– New Latin Américan governments did not serve or protect all their citizens,

– His creollo colleagues preserved upper class ownership of the land and the servitude of many of the people.

Industrial Revolution, 1750-1920

CSSSS 1003

p. 170, 174

10.3 Students analyze the effects of the Industrial Revolution in England, France, Germany, Japan, and the United States.

10.3.1 Analyze why England was the first country to industrialize.

10.3.2 Examine how scientific and technological changes and new forms of energy brought about massive social, economic, and cultural change (e.g., the inventions and discoveries of James Watt, Eli Whitney, Henry Bessemer, Louis Pasteur, Thomas Edison).

10.3.3 Describe the growth of population, rural to urban migration, and growth of cities associated with the Industrial Revolution.

10.3.4 Trace the evolution of work and labor, including the demise of the slave trade and the effects of immigration, mining and manufacturing, division of labor, and the union movement.

10.3.5 Understand the connections among natural resources, entrepreneurship, labor, and capital in an industrial economy.

10.3.6 Analyze the emergence of capitalism as a dominant economic pattern and the responses to it, including Utopianism, Social Democracy, Socialism, and Communism.

10.3.7 Describe the emergence of Romanticism in art and literature (e.g., the poetry of William Blake and William Wordsworth), social criticism (e.g., the novels of Charles Dickens), and the move away from Classicism in Europe.

Why Industrialization?

• Human history has always had technology and production that made past societies great.

• The Industrial Revolution, however, was an intense period of change and innovation that transformed the entire world, rapidly, for good and bad.

• Innovator Project (handout)

Industrialization--

• Uses new techniques,

• Use machines/inventions

• Uses factories– to turn primary resources into producer and

consumer goods and services.

Another scientific field was medicine.

• Anesthetic:

• stops pain.

–Allowed surgery to take place, reduced shock (trauma (can be fatal)).

Enclosure:

• Land system, started in England 200 years ago, – peasants were released from farm work and

pushed off the land by their owners.– Struggling peasants bought off the land by

richer farmers.

• Still going on today in many developing countries,

James Watt: – Scottish developer of the first successful

steam engine. – His engine would become useful for the

textile, mining, and transportation industries.

• Better engines, by other designers would follow over the decades.– How did it look? P. 172– How does it work?

Smelt: • a technique for making iron, using

coal instead of wood. • Made it possible to separate iron from

ore impurities. –Iron made this way was stronger,

lasted longer.

Great Britain: Leader of the Industrial Revolution

p. 174

Capital: C

• Any wealth that can be used to purchase more wealth. – Old: land, resources. – New: land, resources, money, investments, and

finance. – EC: To start and manage their enterprises,

entrepreneurs would borrow large amounts of capital from

– investors, – banks, – government

BTW: Where’s Great Britain?

• North of Western Europe

Enterprise: C

• any business. • Early industrial revolution enterprises were in

– Agriculture– transportation, – mining, – energy– metals– Factory machines.

Entrepreneur: C

• a person willing to start a new business. – Usually has a good idea about a good or service

that a lot of people will pay to use. – Is willing to take the risk of

• borrowing much money • attracting people to buy the good or service.

– Main goal is to make more money than it costs to make the product or perform the service.

• profit motive

Putting-out system: C

• also called the “cottage industry”. – Families would buy materials from factories and make

key parts of a product in home workshops.

– They would then sell the parts back to the factory at a higher price.

• Factories would combine the parts into a final product.

• Families were used to doing this for centuries as part of the domestic system.

Eli Whitney: C

• US, Developed the cotton gin. – Could now separate cotton from unwanted leaves

and stems faster.

• Whitney hoped that this would end slavery in the U.S; – making so many workers unnecessary. – That idea failed when U.S. cotton growers could

• grow three times as much cotton in the same time • needed even more field workers (the hardest part of

cotton work).

Turnpike:

• a private road, built and managed for profit. – Fees were charged to use them. – Improved quality of turnpikes made transport

of goods and people faster and smoother (less breakage).

Liverpool and Manchester: C

• first two British cities joined by a railroad.

• Why these two cities? EC

• They were rich cities.

• They were close enough to build a cheaper railroad that would still make money.

hwk

Standards Check, p. 171

• Question

• The Industrial Revolution changed where and how people lived

• Also how they worked and traveled

Graph skills, p. 171

• Question:

• Between the 17th and 18th centuries (1600 and 1700)

Standards Check, p. 172

• Question:

• Because of an agricultural revolution:– People ate better– Were healthier– Living longer

Biography, p. 172

• Question:

• James Watt’s improved steam engine might not have been marketed right away, which could have meant a delay in the spread of the Industrial Revolution.

Standards Check, p. 173

• Question:

• Watt’s improved steam engine and better-quality iron helped contribute to the Industrial Revolution

Great Britain Begins the Industrial Revolution

Standards Check, p. 175

• Question:

• Britain’s– Natural resources– Human resources– Technological superiority– Demand for goods due to increased

population– Access to capital– Social and political conditions

Map Skills, p. 175

• Question:

• 2

• Norwich, Ipswich, Exeter

• 3

• Used to transport goods to and from factories

• Power sources for mills

Image, p. 176

• Question:

• They made the industry more productive because things were done much faster with good quality.

Standards Check, p. 176

• Question

• Inventions that increased production

• the creation of factories

Standards Check, p. 177

• Question

• They allowed factory owners to ship raw materials and products quickly and safely over land, not just by water.

Brief Response

• Explain how the agricultural revolution helped to bring about the Industrial Revolution.