Chapter 2

Understanding body coordinationIf you come across a frightening situation

like this, what would be your reactions?

Body coordination?

Is a processs by which different parts of the body work together to bring about the correct response.

Tindakbalas yang betul…

Jari terkena benda panas:

Ternampak hantu :

Kena cubit :

Terbau bau makanan :

Lets do this….

Instruction..1.Hear what I say n do it…Instructio

n“ JUMP”

Ears hear the sound

Brain receive

the message

Leg muscles contract to jump

Mosquito bite

Itch (gatal) on your

arm.

Brain receive

the message

Muscles of the other

arm contract to hit the mosquito

For body coordination to take place ,there must be a stimulus

Stimuli

Activity

Stimulus (ransangan)

Receptor Interpreter Effector

1 Sound of “JUMP” Ears Brain Leg muscles

2 Book dropping Ears, eyes Brain Back muscles and arm muscles

3 Mosquito bite skin Brain Arm muscles

4 Smell of food Nose Brain Salivary gland (kelenjar air liur)

For body coordination to take place ,there must be a stimulus

Flow chart for body coordination

Endocrine

system

(glands secrete

hormones)

The pathway of a body coordination

Why body coordination is important? What happen if you don’t withdraws

your hand quickly after touching hot kettle?

What happen if you don’t run quickly after seeing a tiger?

Is it a normal person if you not cry after hearing a sad tragedy?

Does body coordination important?

The important of body coordination….

Understanding the human nervous system

Made up of

Consist of

Functions…

Central nervous system

Spinal nerves

Function :

Connecting the spinal cord with the receptors and affectors in the body

Cranial nervesFunction :

Connecting the brain with the

sensory organs and internal

organs such as the heart and

lungs

Cranial nerves

Neuron

The human nervous system is made up of nerve cells called neurones

Neurones :transmit impulses from receptors to effectors

Neurons dendrites

Myelin shealth(selaput mealin)

dendrones

Cell body

Axon

Nerves Ending

Part of Neurone and its function

3 type of neurones

Sensory neuroneConduct impulses from the receptors in the sensory organs to the central nervous system

Relay neurones (lari berganti ganti?)

Conduct impulses from the sensory neurone to the motor neurone(menghubungkan sensory neuron dengan motor neurone)

Motor neurone

Carries impulses to muscles and effector in the body

Neurone Structure differences

Sensory neuron Interneuron (relay neuron)

Motor neurone

Characteristic and functionsType of neurone Characteristic

•The cell body lies in between the axon and the dendron(badan sel berada diantara axon dan

characteristic

Sensory neurone Relay neurone Motor neurone

Where is it located

At receptors or sensory organ

Found only in CNS (brain and spinal cord)

Effectors

Location of cell body

Situated on one side

At the centre Situated at one end

Axon Short Short long

Myelin sheath

Present Absent Present

Pathway of impulse

From receptor to CNS

From sensory neuron to motor neuron

Out from CNS to effector

Functions Receives impulses from sensory organ

Receives impulses from sensory neuron to motor neuron

Transmit impulses from CNS to effector to bring about a response

• They all have a cell body•They all have dendrites and dendrones•They all can receive and send impulses

The similarities

1.What is body coordination ?2. state 3 important of body coordination3.Situation : a boy being chased by a dog

a)What is the stimulus in this situation?b)What is the response?c)Which part of the body cooordinates this reaction?

Exercise..(body coordination)