Bodies defense for dirt, bacteria, and germs.

Epidermis- Outer most layer of skin Dermis- Thicker layer below the

epidermis

Functions 1. Protect vital organs 2. Acted on by muscles to produce

movement.

Hinge joints- elbow and knee, they move back and forth.

Ball and socket joints- one end of the joint is in the shape of a ball, and the other end of the joint is a cuplike shape.

Function- absorb shock, allow smooth bone movement, and join structures.

Function- contraction of muscles allow for acceleration and deceleration of body.

Help maintain normal posture.

Connect muscle to bone

Connect bone to bone

Small, fluid filled sacs, located in joints. Provide extra cushion for the structures

located in the joint.

Soft-Tissue Bones

Sprain Strain Incision Abrasion

Contusion Laceration Avulsion Puncture

Injury to a ligament

Injuries to muscles or tendons

1st degree (mild)- some stretching, little pain, little swelling, no loss of motion.

2nd degree (moderate)- more stretching, some tearing, pain, swelling, and some loss of motion.

3rd degree (severe)- complete tear, severe pain, good deal of swelling, loss of motion.

An open wound made by a cutting object.

A cut caused by a non-cutting object.

Results from scrapping off a layer of skin.

Commonly called a bruise.

Cause: direct blow.

Signs/Symptoms: swelling and

discoloration.

The partial tearing away of a body part.

Occurs when a pointed object enters a body part.

Stage I-Acute Inflammatory

Stage II-Repair

Stage III-Remodeling

Dislocations Subluxations Fractures

When a force displaces the bones that make up a joint, so they no longer are aligned.

A partial dislocation, or one that does not remain unaligned.

Avulsion Stress Spiral Longitudinal Compression Oblique Comminuted

Greenstick Transverse Depressed Blowout Pathological Epiphyseal

When a ligament or tendon pulls so hard that the attachment point pulls part of the bone away.

Occurs when there is repetitive pounding / motion.

When a torque like force is applied to a bone, and the fracture starts at one end and works its way around the length of the bone.

A fracture that runs the length of a bone.

Occurs when opposite forces are applied to a bone at the same time.

When a bone fractures into pieces.

Occurs to bones that are not fully developed, and they only break part way through.

When a fracture occurs straight across a bone.

Usually occurs from a direct blow to the skull.

When the eye is pushed so hard into the back of the eye socket.

When a fracture occurs in the epiphysis (growth plate) of the bone.

Any fracture where the bone protrudes through the skin.

Pain Deformity Decrease or loss of motion Swelling Crepitis

Stage I-Acute Stage II-Repair Stage III-Remodeling