Blood Typing

by: Amanda McKenzie

EDCI 270

Target Audience

11th -12th grade studentsAnatomy & Physiology classsuburban/upper-middle class community

Learning Environment

This educational program is designed for Anatomy & Physiology high school students to work on their own at a computer. It is intended for additional instruction after a class lecture on the topic and a review before the test.

Objective

Once this PowerPoint activity about blood typing is complete, the students will be able to differentiate between the ABO blood types when given a specific genotype. They will also be able to appropriately determine the outcome of a blood type genetic cross when given the parental genotypes. They will demonstrate this by answering the Quiz Time questions with 100% accuracy.

Blood Typing

Chapter 12 Review

How to NavigateThroughout this program you will find 3 main buttons at the bottom of each page that will help you navigate.

will take you back to the previous page

will advance you to the next page

will return you to the main menu

*Note: These buttons will not appear within the quizzes.

Main Menu

Blood TypeBlood TransfusionsImmune System ResponseChartQuiz Time 1The Genetics of it AllQuiz Time 2Determining Blood Type VideoReferences

Blood Typea classification of blood based on antigens found on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs)

There are 2 major blood type systems:ABO and Rhesus

Type A Blood

The A antigen can be inherited from mom and/or dad. It appears alone on the surface of type A RBCs.

Type B Blood

The B antigen can be inherited from mom and/or dad. It appears alone on the surface of type B RBCs.

Type AB Blood

The A and B antigens can be inherited from mom and/or dad. They both appear on the surface of type AB RBCs.

Type O Blood

No antigens are inherited from mom or dad. Therefore, no antigens appear on the surface of type O RBCs.

Let’s Check!

What are the four different blood types?

a. A, B, BO, AOb. A, B, AB, Oc. AB, O, AA, BB

So Close!

Try again.

Way to go!

That’s right!

Blood Transfusions

Blood transfusions make it necessary to understand the different antigens found on red blood cells.

A blood transfusion is the process of transferring blood from one person into another person’s circulatory system.

Let’s Check!

Why is it important to understand what antigens are found on the

RBC?

a. To know what the RBCs look like.b. To know if all of your RBCs are the same.c. To know if a donor and recipient’s RBCs

are compatible

So Close!

Try again.

Way to go!

That’s right!

Blood Transfusions (cont.)

For a blood transfusion to work, the donated blood must match that of the recipient’s.

If the blood is not matched properly, then the immune system of the recipient will attack the donated blood.

Immune System Response

After birth the immune system makes antibodies that act against the antigens not found on the RBCs.

Antibodies are present on the white blood cells (WBCs).

Watch this video explaining the basics of the blood transfusion

process.

Let’s Check!

Can the blood transfusion donor and the recipient have different

blood types?a. Nob. Yesc. Yes, but it’s better if they’re the same.

So Close!

Try again.

Way to go!

That’s right!

Let’s Check!

During a blood transfusion the donor and recipient are directly

connected to one another.

a. Yesb. Noc. They can be, but it’s better if they aren’t

So Close!

Try again.

Way to go!

That’s right!

A Helpful Chart (hint hint)

Blood Type RBC Antigen Antibodies in Blood

Receive Blood From

Donated Blood To

A A anti-B O, A A, AB

B B anti-A O, B B, AB

AB A, B none O, A, B, AB AB

O none anti-A, anti-B O O, A, B, AB

Quiz Time 1

1. Which blood type would you have if antibodies A and B were made during your first year of life?

a. type ABb. type Ac. type Bd. type O

So Close!

Try again.Hint: They’re both provided.

Way to go!

That’s right!

2. Which blood type is the universal donor?

a. type ABb. type Ac. type Bd. type O

So Close!

Try again.Hint: Refer to the chart.

Way to go!

That’s right!

3. Which blood type is the universal recipient?

a. type ABb. type Ac. type Bd. type O

So Close!

Try again.Hint: Refer to the chart.

Way to go!

That’s right!

4. Which ABO blood type has two different antigens on the surface of RBCs?

a. type ABb. type Ac. type Bd. type O

So Close!

Try again.Hint: It has two antigens.

Way to go!

That’s right!

5. Which ABO blood type has the A antigens on the surface of RBCs?

a. type ABb. type Ac. type Bd. type O

So Close!

Try again.Hint: They only have one antigen.

Way to go!

That’s right!

6. Which ABO blood type has only the A antibodies on the white blood cells?

a. type ABb. type Ac. type Bd. type O

So Close!

Try again.Hint: They only have one type of antibody.

Way to go!

That’s right!

7. If the blood plasma has antibody A, what type of blood would the immune system attack?

a. type Ab. type Bc. type O and type Ad. type O and type B

So Close!

Try again.Hint: It is antibody A.

Way to go!

That’s right!

8. How are antibodies related to the type of blood a person can receive?

a. They attack all blood types except those receivable by a person.

b. They attack the RBCs of the recipient so they can receive blood from a donor.

c. They have nothing to do with receiving blood.

So Close!

Try again.Hint: This is talking about antibodies.

Way to go!

That’s right!

The Genetics of it All

A single gene controls the ABO blood type system with 3 alleles.o 2 alleles are dominant (IA and IB)o 1 allele is recessive (i)

Since there are two dominant alleles, IAIB genotype expresses codominance.

The Genetics of it All

The gene encodes an enzyme, glycosyltransferase, that modifies carbohydrates that make up RBC antigens.

On a separate sheet of paper, complete the Punnett square. Then proceed to the following Quiz Time questions.

Quiz Time 2

1. What genotypes would create the phenotype, blood type A?

a. IAIA and IAIBb. IAIB and IAic. IAIA and IAid. IAIA and ii

So Close!

Try again.Hint: Refer to your Punnett square.

Way to go!

That’s right!

2. What genotypes would create the phenotype, blood type B?

a. IBIB and IBib. IBIB and iic. IBIB and IBIAd. IBIA and IBi

So Close!

Try again.Hint: Refer to your Punnett square.

Way to go!

That’s right!

3. What genotypes would create the phenotype, blood type AB?

a. IAIB and IAib. IAIB and IBic. IAIB and iid. IAIB only

So Close!

Try again.Hint: Refer to your Punnett square.

Way to go!

That’s right!

4. What genotypes would create the phenotype, blood type O?

a. IAi and iib. IBi and iic. ii onlyd. IAIB and ii

So Close!

Try again.Hint: Refer to your Punnett square.

Way to go!

That’s right!

*Bonus*Besides the ABO blood system, what is the other main blood type system of the human body?

(See Miss McKenzie with your answer for a chance of earning 2 bonus points!)

“The Genotype Diet: Determining Blood Type”

Watch this YouTube video on how to determine your blood type. Pay close attention to the directions because we will be performing this lab in class tomorrow.

Referenceswww.lessonplansinc.com/science.php/biology/lessonplans/C100

www.youtube.com/watch?v=yqGaX6W6Cy8

http://www.mayoclinic.org/blood-transfusion/performing-transfusions.html

http://images.search.yahoo.com/images/view;_ylt=A0PDoTHQJMRO.yoAxBWJzbkF

http://images.search.yahoo.com/images/view;_ylt=A0PDoTG8JMROsiQAQJaJzbkF;_ylu=