Biotechnology and Biotechnology and Genetic EngineeringGenetic Engineering

_______________________________ _______________________________

• We can now grow new body parts and soon donating blood We can now grow new body parts and soon donating blood

will be a thing of the past, but will we go too far?will be a thing of the past, but will we go too far?

Photo of a mouse growing a "human ear"

Genetic Engineering Genetic Engineering

• The human _____________________________________ of a cell.The human _____________________________________ of a cell.• ______________________________ - Genetically engineered ______________________________ - Genetically engineered

DNA prepared by splicing genes from one species into the DNA prepared by splicing genes from one species into the

cells of a different species. Such DNA becomes part of the cells of a different species. Such DNA becomes part of the

host's genetic makeup and is replicated.host's genetic makeup and is replicated.

genetically engineered tobacco plant with a __________________________

Recombinant DNARecombinant DNA The ________________________________ The ________________________________

______________________________________________________________

ex. Bacterial DNA + human gene for ex. Bacterial DNA + human gene for insulin productioninsulin production

Tobacco Plant DNA + firefly DNA for Tobacco Plant DNA + firefly DNA for bioluminescence plant bioluminescence plant

Forming Recombinant DNA

Desired Gene

DNA from target organism

Recombinant DNA with gene of interest

Golden RiceGolden Rice

Golden rice is to develop rice Golden rice is to develop rice varieties that _________________ varieties that _________________ (beta-carotene) as a means of (beta-carotene) as a means of alleviating vitamin A deficiencies in alleviating vitamin A deficiencies in the diets of disadvantaged people in the diets of disadvantaged people in developing countries. (traditional developing countries. (traditional rice varieties do not produce rice varieties do not produce provitamin-A). provitamin-A).

Growth hormone and Growth hormone and therapytherapy

________________ ________________ controls controls several complex several complex physiologic processes, physiologic processes, including growth and including growth and metabolism.metabolism.

Two baby mice - same Two baby mice - same ageage

Human Growth hormone Human Growth hormone gene inserted into the gene inserted into the embryo of the mouse on embryo of the mouse on the right causing rapid the right causing rapid growthgrowth

The mouse on the left is The mouse on the left is a normal sized mousea normal sized mouse

Insect ResistanceInsect Resistance 'Bt' is an ______________________, 'Bt' is an ______________________,

marketed worldwide for control of many marketed worldwide for control of many important _______________ - mainly important _______________ - mainly caterpillars of the Lepidoptera (butterflies caterpillars of the Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths), mosquito larvae, and black and moths), mosquito larvae, and black flies that vector river blindness in Africa. flies that vector river blindness in Africa.

Results of insect infestation on Bt (right) and non-Bt (left) cotton balls.

VaccinesVaccines Banana is currently being Banana is currently being

considered as an __________ considered as an __________ ______________________________________________________

An edible vaccine doesn't An edible vaccine doesn't need sterile syringes, costly need sterile syringes, costly refrigeration, or multiple refrigeration, or multiple injectionsinjections

WHO finds more than 2 WHO finds more than 2 million children die million children die worldwide each year from worldwide each year from diarrhea caused by diarrhea caused by Escherichia coliEscherichia coli and and Vibrio Vibrio cholaracholara bacteria can be bacteria can be prevented easily with prevented easily with vaccines. vaccines.

Land MinesLand Mines Neal Stewart at the Neal Stewart at the

University of North University of North Carolina is developing Carolina is developing ______________________ ______________________ ____________________________________________

Plants could be ideal Plants could be ideal biosensors for land biosensors for land mines as seeds would mines as seeds would be spread widely and be spread widely and evenly in a suspect evenly in a suspect fieldfield

The gene that can The gene that can announce the presence announce the presence of land mines is GFPof land mines is GFP

GFP and miceGFP and mice

Glo fishGlo fish Fluorescent zebra fish Fluorescent zebra fish

were specially bred to were specially bred to help ________________ help ________________ _____________________. _____________________. By adding a natural By adding a natural fluorescence gene to fluorescence gene to the fish, scientists are the fish, scientists are able to quickly and able to quickly and easily determine easily determine when our waterways when our waterways are contaminated are contaminated

Genetic Engineering Genetic Engineering

• Genetic engineering techniques are used in a variety of Genetic engineering techniques are used in a variety of

industries, in agriculture, in basic research, and in industries, in agriculture, in basic research, and in

medicine. medicine.

This genetically engineered cow __________________ and can help to increase dairy production.

Genetic Engineering Genetic Engineering

• There is great potential for the development of useful There is great potential for the development of useful

products through genetic engineeringproducts through genetic engineering• EX., ________________________________________________ EX., ________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Seedless watermelons are genetically engineered

Ethical & Moral Concerns Ethical & Moral Concerns

• ______________________is the is the

production of production of

________________ ________________

cells or cells or

organisms. organisms.

Ethical & Moral Concerns Ethical & Moral Concerns

• ___________ was ___________ was

the world's first the world's first

cloned mammal.cloned mammal.

Dolly the sheep 1996 - 2003

Two calves cloned from cells in cow's milk, Japan.

Gene TherapyGene Therapy

Gene therapy is a technique for ___________________________ Gene therapy is a technique for ___________________________ _________________________________ for disease development._________________________________ for disease development.

Possible cures for:Possible cures for:– diabetesdiabetes– cardiovascular diseasecardiovascular disease– cystic fibrosiscystic fibrosis– Alzheimer'sAlzheimer's– Parkinson’sParkinson’s– and many other diseases is possible.and many other diseases is possible.

Is it right to use Is it right to use cloning to create cloning to create an entirely new an entirely new human being?human being?

Is it ethical to Is it ethical to create an create an embryonic copy embryonic copy of John Doe to of John Doe to supply cells to supply cells to keep John alive?keep John alive?

Does a Does a

multicellular ball multicellular ball of tissue -- an of tissue -- an embryo -- have embryo -- have the same rights the same rights and status as a and status as a human being? human being?