Post on 30-Dec-2015
BiomoleculesWHAT ARE THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF LIFE?
http://www.citewave.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/four-main-biomolecules.jpg
Introduction
On the following slides, the yellow sections highlight the main points; summarize the slides in your notebooks.
Underlined words = vocabulary!
Know
List what you know about:CarbsLipids ProteinsNucleic Acids
What
we will l
earn…
The meaning of monomer vs polymer.The structure/function of the 4 biomolecules.Role of enzymes in cells and the body.
Learn
Levels of Molecular Organization
Element
Molecule (2+ atoms)
Compound(2+ elements)
Cell (Includes both organic & inorganic compounds)
The pyramid is organized from the smallest component, the atom, to the smallest living organism, the cell.
Organic Compounds
Organic compounds - contain the element carbon (C) and are found in living things; with four valence electrons, carbon atoms can bond with numerous other atoms to create complex compounds.
http://biobook.nerinxhs.org/bb/cells/biochemistry/1000px-Carbone_lewis.svg.png
Monomers vs PolymersSketch the imagery to show the difference between monomers and polymers.
http://www.hsc.csu.edu.au/senior_science/options/polymers/2973/images/Fig_9513.jpg
Monomers vs Polymers Cont. The biomolecules found in living things
are composed of hundreds of atoms, sometimes more (AKA macromolecules).
Cells create macromolecules by joining smaller molecules in to chains called polymers. [Greek polys = many, meros = part] - a
large molecule composed of identical subunits called monomers.
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
4 Biomolecules
Intro Video
Background Knowledge
What types of foods would be categorized as carbohydrates?
Turn and talk with your neighbor.
http://www.neocate.com/images/uploads/from_wordpress/Carbs-Pic.bmp
What are carbohydrates?
Contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms in 1:2:1 (C:H:O) ratio, used for short-term energyare made of monomers called
monosaccharides [meaning “1” + “sugar”].
Types: MonosaccharidesPolysaccharides
What is a monosaccharide?
Simple sugars, are easily identified by the sweet taste – note the ring shape of the molecule. EX Glucose [C6H12O6]
Other: galactose (milk sugar), fructose (fruit sugar)
What is a polysaccharide? Complex carbs made of long chains of
monosaccharides. EX Starches (found in roots like potatoes and
other tissues in plants) EX Cellulose (found in plant cell walls)
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Polysaccharides Cont.
Glycogen (found in the liver and muscles of animals)
EX Sucrose (table sugar) is an example of a sugar made of two monosaccharides, a disaccharide.
Knowledge Check
Remember that monomers make up polymers. What is the monomer (or subunit) for the complex carb shown? Turn and talk to your neighbor.
http://www.goldiesroom.org/Multimedia/Bio_Images/04%20Biochemistry/12%20Structure%20of %
20Glucose.jpg
Background Knowledge
What types of foods would be categorized as fats?
Turn and talk with your neighbor.
http://thescienceofeating.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/Book-Fats-Butter-Oils-2.jpg
What are lipids?
Contain C, H, and O atoms, used for long-term energy storageHydrophobic (insoluble in water)Types:
Unsaturated fats liquid w/ double bonds
Saturated fats solid, unhealthyPhospholipids Found within the cell
membranesSteroids
Lipid Structure
http://sphweb.bumc.bu.edu/otlt/MPH-Modules/PH/PH709_BasicCellBiology/Triglyceride2.jpg
Note the molecular structure “E” shape.
Knowledge Check
The fatty acid chain of the lipids is often referred to as a hydrocarbon chain. Why? Turn and talk to your neighbor.
Background Knowledge
What types of foods would be considered rich in protein?
Turn and talk with your neighbor.
http://media.coreperformance.com/images/411*308/knowledge-protein1.jpg
What are proteins?
Contain C, O, H, N and usually S atoms - AKA polypeptidesMade of monomers called amino acidsNeeded for essential life’s activities in
the body
Structure of a Protein Sketch the imagery to show the structure of a protein.
http://www.yang851.com/files/peptide.jpg
Structure of an Amino AcidAmino acids are made of an amino group, a carboxyl group, and an “R” group which varies in the different amino acids.
http://www.whitetigernaturalmedicine.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/amino-acid-structure.jpg
Knowledge Check
There are 20 naturally-occurring amino acids, and each one only varies in the structure of the R side chain. Two amino acids are shown in the diagram. What are the R side chains in each?
Talk to your neighbor to answer the question.
What are nucleic acids? Contain H, O, C, N, and P atoms.
Made of monomers called nucleotidesStore genetic information in living
things and carry instructions for building proteinsEX DNA EX RNA
http://knowgenetics.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/Bio-1-e1354321656394.png
Structure of a NucleotideComposed of a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base.
http://www.whitetigernaturalmedicine.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/amino-acid-structure.jpg
Knowledge CheckRemember that monomers make up polymers. What is the monomer (or subunit) for the nucleic acid shown? Turn and talk to your neighbor.
http://media-1.web.britannica.com/eb-media/64/47664-004-7088EE3D.jpg
Chemical Reactions
A process that changes one set of chemicals into another set, recombining the atoms in to different substances.
Reactants are the items that
you begin with. (the left of the arrow).
Products are the items up end up with. (the right of the arrow).
What are enzymes?
A protein that acts as a biological catalyst - they work in cells to speed up chemical reactions.typically end in –
ASEAttach to specific
substrates to produce products
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Enzymes Cont.
Factors that can affect enzymes are:
The Lock & Key Model
Specific enzymes will only work on specific substrates; enzymes attach at the “active site” that matches the substrate. EX Maltase only attaches to the sugar
maltose
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http://waynesword.palomar.edu/images/enzyme5.gif
Video
Know
List what you know about:CarbsLipids ProteinsNucleic Acids
What
we will l
earn…
The meaning of monomer vs polymer.The structure/function of the 4 biomolecules.Role of enzymes in cells and the body.
Learn
List the things you have learned during this unit.