Biomes Notes• What is the difference between a Biome and

an Ecosystem?

• Biosphere

• Biome Ecosystems are

• Ecosystem part of Biomes

• Community

• Population

Biomes• Ecosystems are grouped into a larger biome

• Depends on the climate and the type of plants in that area

• 2 types: Terrestrial Biomes (on land)

Aquatic Biomes (in the water)

The species that live In each biome are The species that live In each biome are different, but may look and act similar todifferent, but may look and act similar to species in other biomes. Because of similar species in other biomes. Because of similar niches in each biomeniches in each biome..

What is fauna?• All of the animals found in a given area.

• The fauna of an area or ecosystem is all the animal species found there.

What is flora?

• vegetation: all the plant life in a particular region.

• The species of plants found in a particular area.

• An ecosystem is all the living and nonliving factors that affect an organism.

• A biome is a major region that is characterized by its climate,soil type(s), and the dominant plants, animals, and other organisms that live there. A biome is made up of many individual ecosystems.

Types of Biomes• Tundra

• Desert

• Temperate Grassland

• Tropical savanna

• Taiga

• Temperate forest

• Tropical rainforest

• Temperate rainforest

Is the temperature of each Biome: Hot, moderate, or cold?

• Mountains -• Tundra -• Desert -• Chaparral -• Temperate Grassland -• Tropical savanna -• Taiga -• Temperate forest -• Tropical rainforest -• Polar ice -

Is the temperature of each Biome: Hot, moderate, or cold?

• Mountains - Moderate• Tundra - Cold• Desert - Hot• Chaparral - Moderate• Temperate Grassland - Moderate• Tropical savanna - Hot• Taiga - Cold• Temperate forest - Moderate• Tropical rainforest - Hot• Polar ice - Cold

Climate

• Weather conditions over a longWeather conditions over a long

period of timeperiod of time

Latitude and Altitude Affect the Climate

• Gets colder the higher up you go (altitude)

• Gets colder the farther north/south of the equator you go (latitude)

• Most of food on Earth is grown between 30-60 degrees north and south of the equator

• Do we live in this latitude?

Tundra

Tundra

• Arctic tundra can be found in Antarctica Arctic tundra can be found in Antarctica and the North Pole, North of the Arctic and the North Pole, North of the Arctic Circle.Circle.

• Grass, lichen and herbsGrass, lichen and herbs

• Permafrost – layer of soil that is always Permafrost – layer of soil that is always frozen.frozen.

• Very short warm season that is very wetVery short warm season that is very wet

• Many insects during warm seasonMany insects during warm season

TaigaTaiga

Taiga• The word taiga means, "marshy pine

forest" in Russian. • one of the most fragile biomes. • Spruce and Fir trees • Found in Northern Hemisphere. • Growing season very short• Nearly constant daylight in summer• Many lakes and swamps

Temperate Forest

Temperate Forest

• climate and amount of sunlight can vary tremendously between each season.

• four types: Deciduous forest, Evergreen forest, temperate rain forest, and mixed evergreen and deciduous forests.

• Deciduous trees, lose their leaves in fall.

Grassland

Grasslands

• Grasslands are characterized by their tall, perennial grasses and lack of trees.

• 2 Types :Tropical grasslands , between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn. hot year-round, very dry, season of heavy rain. Temperate grasslands; north of the Tropic of Cancer or south of the Tropic of Capricorn, cold winters and hot summers.

• cover a quarter of the land on Earth.

Savanna

• Found near equator between tropical rain forest and desert biomes

• Grass, scattered trees, shrubs, many with thorns

• Many grazing animals

• Have a wet and dry season

• Plants and animals most active during wet season.

Chaparral

Chaparral

smallest biome.smallest biome.

grows between forest and grassland, or grows between forest and grassland, or between desert and grassland biomes.between desert and grassland biomes.

Many plants and trees have leathery Many plants and trees have leathery leaves, gnarled bark, and intimidating leaves, gnarled bark, and intimidating thorns.thorns. Often called “scrub”Often called “scrub”

Desert

• Deserts take up 8.6 million square miles on Earth.

Desert

• Get less than 25 cm of rain each year

• Has little or no vegetation

• Driest places on earth

• Often located on the dry side of mountain ranges

RainforestRainforest

Rainforest

over half of the world's plant and animal species live here. All fit into only seven percent of the world's land.

Found in: Central Africa, Southeast Asia, Philippines, New Guinea, Central and South America.

Rainforest

• Layers:

• Top – Emergent layer – tallest trees above rest of forest

• Next – canopy – top of normal trees

• Lower canopy – epiphytes – plants that grow on tree trunks – not soil - because light is so far from ground.

• Understory – lowest level, much darker