Post on 16-Apr-2017
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BIOCOMPATIBLE POLYMERS
Presented by:Mr. Birudev KaleM. Pharm. ( Sem. I) Under the guidance
of Dr. N. H. Aloorkar H.O.D., Pharmaceutics. 2
Introduction to Polymers
Classification of polymers
Biocompatible polymersRequirements for polymers
Biocompatibility of polymers
Applications
SummaryReferences
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Biocompatibility testing
CONTENTS
What are polymers?
Monomer
Repeat attachment of monomers
Dimer
Monomer
Polymer
Polymers: Macromolecules formed by joining of repeating structural units called as monomers .(“Poly”-many, “mer” -unit or part).
Covalent bond
“Mono”- one“mer”- part
Two monomers
“Di”- two“mer”- part
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Classification of Polymers
Classification of
polymers
Based on molecular
forces
Based on source
Based on mode of
polymerization
Based on structure
Based on susceptibilit
y of backbone
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Classification based on
source
Natural polymers
e.g. Proteins, Rubber
etc.
Synthetic polymers
e.g. Polythen
e
Semi-synthetic polymers
e.g. Rayon
Cont......
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Classification based on Structure of polymers
Cont........
1. Linear polymers
2. Branched polymers
3. Cross linked or Network polymers
e.g. P.V.C., High density Polythene
e.g. Low density Polythene
e.g. Bakelite
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Cont.......
Classification based on mode of polymerization
Addition polymers
Condensation polymers
e.g. Polythene, Buna-S etc.
e.g. Terylene, Nylon 6 etc.
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Classification based
on molecular
forces
Elastomerse.g. Buna-S,
Buna-N
Fibrese.g. Nylon6,6,
Terylene
Thermoplastic polymerse.g. Polythene
Thermosetting polymers
e.g. Bakelite
Cont…..
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Cont…Classification based on susceptibility of backbone
Non-degradable polymers
Degradable polymers
e.g. Polypropylene, Polyethylene
e.g. Polylactide, Polyglycolid
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Biocompatible polymers are synthetic or natural polymers
used to replace part of a living system or to function in
intimate contact with living tissue.
Biocompatible polymers are intended to interface with
biological systems to evaluate, treat, augment or replace any
tissue, organ or function of the body.
What are biocompatible polymers?
Requirements for biocompatible polymers
Physical properties
Chemical stability
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Biocompatibility of polymers
Biocompatibility term is used to describe the suitability of a polymer for exposure to the body or bodily fluids.
A polymer will be considered biocompatible, if it allows the body to function without any complications such as allergic reactions or other adverse side effects.
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Complications of use of Non-biocompatible polymers
Extended chronic inflammation at the contact point.
Cytotoxicity.
Cell disruption.
Skin irritation.
Thrombosis.
Corrosion of an implant (if used). 14
Biocompatibility testing of polymers
Biocompatibility testing answers two fundamental questions: Is the polymer safe?
Does it have necessary physical and chemical properties?
This consist of in vitro and in vivo assessments that are relevant to the
applications of polymers. A variety of tests are necessary to determine biocompatibility,
depending on the type and application of polymer.Generally ISO 10993 series have been followed across the globe to
standardize the biocompatible testing scheme.15
APPLICATIONSTissue cultureTissue scaffoldsImplantable controlled drug delivery systems Catheters and dialysis tubingArtificial graftsTo fabricate wound closure devicesEnvelopes for the implantation of cardiac devicesStents such as biliary stents, esophageal stents, vaginal stents, lung, Trachea/bronchus stentsCoating on medical devices such as vascular grafts, wound dressings and surgical sealants to improve blood compatibility Wildlife vaccination
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Examples of Biocompatible polymer applications
1. Tissue culture
2. Tissue scaffolds
3. Wildlife vaccination
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Biocompatible polymer for tissue culture
370 cCollapsedstructure
320
cExpandedstructure
PIPA changes properties at different temperatures
How could this property be used for medical applications?
Poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) “PIPA”
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Growing cell sheets using PIPAPIPA Polymer
1. Coat surface with polymer
2. Apply live cells
3. Allow cells to grow4. Harvest cellsCell can be grown outside the body
Reduce temp.
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Examples of cell sheets
Cardiac cells Skin (epitheliall )cells
Skin cell graft on patient
Cell sheets have great potential to treat many injuries/diseases
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Hydrogels can be formed in biobullets
Solid hydrogels of vaccine
Biobullets(Sugar bullets)
Vaccine delivery to animals
Bullet penetrates target, degrade and releases content
Air rifle delivery
Examples & applications of some polymers
Name of polymer Typical applicationsPolyvinylchloride (PVC)
Blood tubing, as blood bags.
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)
Tubing, endoscopes, cannulas, catheter linings, Synthetic blood vessels, Surgical sutures.
Polyethersulfone (PES) Tubing, catheters
Polyethylene(PE)
Orthopedic sutures, artificial tendons
Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) Dentistry products, rigid tubing
Polysulfone (PS)
Surgical and medical devices, clamps, artificial Heart components, heart valves
Polypropylene (PP) Heart valves 24
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SUMMARY
REFERENCES
1. V. Prasad Shastri, “Non-Degradable Biocompatible Polymers in
Medicine: Past, Present and Future”, School of Medicine and
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
2. ISO 7405 (1984): International Organization For Standardization,
Technical Report 7’405, Biological Evaluation of Dental Materials.
3. R. James Christie, “Biocompatible polymers: design, function and
applications”, Utsunomiya girl’s high school, USA.
4. http://www.wikipedia.com/biocompatible polymers.
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Cont........
5. Bhola R., Bhola S.M., Liang H., Mishra B., “Biocompatible
Denture Polymers – A Review” Department of Metallurgical &
Materials Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO
80401.
6. Quansah J.K., “Synthetic polymers for biocompatible
biomaterials”, Materials Literature seminar, September 23,
2004.
7. http://www.zeusinc.com/biocompatible polymers.
8. Hiemenz P.C., Marcel Dekker, “Polymer Chemistry- The Basic
Concepts”, Inc. Publication. Page no. 03.
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