Post on 15-Jul-2015
BIO MEDICAL WASTE
MANAGEMENT
PRESENTED BY:
Deepika Tiwari-15
Ishani Bhattacharya-20
Neha Gupta-31
Pritee Agarwal-42
Shashank Pandey-54
LET THE WASTE OF THE “SICK” NOT CONTAMINATE THE
LIVES OF “THE HEALTHY”
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BIO-MEDICAL WASTE
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Definition :
Acc to bio medical waste rules ,1998 of India“ bio-medical waste”
means any waste which is generated during the diagnosis, treatment
or immunization of human beings or animals or in research activities
pertaining there to or in the production or testing of bio medicals.
Any unwanted residual material which cannot be discharged directly,
or after suitable treatment can be discharged in the atmosphere or to a
receiving water source, or used for landfill is waste. (Wilson, 1981)
SOURCES OF HEALTH CARE WASTE
Government/private hospitals
Nursing homes
Physician/dentist office or clinic
Dispensaries
Primary health care centers
Medical research and training centers
animal./slaughter houses
labs/research organizations
Vaccinating centers
Bio tech institutions/production units
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DEFINITION
Hospital waste: refers to all waste, biological or non biological, that
is discarded and is not intended for further use .
Medical waste: refers to materials generated as a result of patient
diagnoses, treatment, immunization of human beings or animals .
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DEFINITION
Infectious waste: are the portion of medical waste that couldtransmit an ‘infectious disease’.
Pathological waste : waste removed during surgery/ autopsyor other medical procedures including human tissues, organs,body parts, body fluids and specimens along their containers.
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MAGNITUDE OF THE PROBLEM
GLOBALLY- Developed countries generate 1 to 5 kg/bed/day
Developing countries: meager data, but figures are lower. 1-2kg/pt./day
WHO Report: 85% non hazardous waste
: 10% infective waste
: 5% non-infectious but hazardous. (Chemical, pharmaceutical and radioactive)
INDIA:-No national level study
- local or regional level study shows hospitals generate roughly 1-2 kg/bed/day
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CLASSIFICATION AND CATEGORIZATION OF BIOMEDICAL
WASTES (MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND FOREST)
The Ministry of Environment and Forest has drafted certain rules
in exercise of powers conferred by sections 6,8 and 25 of the
environment (protection) act, 1986
The Gazette of India extraordinary , part II –section 3- subsection (ii)
On 20th July 1998
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WASTE
CATEGORYTYPE OF WASTE
TREATMENT AND
DISPOSAL OPTION
Category No. 1Human Anatomical Waste (Human
tissues, organs, body parts)
Incineration@ / deep
burial*
Category No. 2
Animal Waste
(Animal tissues, organs, body parts,
carcasses, bleeding parts, fluid, blood and
experimental animals used in research,
waste generated by veterinary hospitals
and colleges, discharge from hospitals,
animal houses)
Incineration@ / deep
burial*
Category No. 3
Microbiology & Biotechnology Waste
(Wastes from laboratory cultures, stocks
or specimen of live micro organisms or
attenuated vaccines, human and animal
cell cultures used in research and
infectious agents from research and
industrial laboratories, wastes from
production of biologicals, toxins and
devices used for transfer of cultures)
Local autoclaving/
microwaving /
incineration@
CATEGORIES OF BIOMEDICAL WASTE SCHEDULE – I
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Category No. 4
Waste Sharps (Needles, syringes,
scalpels, blades, glass, etc. that may
cause puncture and cuts. This includes
both used and unused sharps)
Disinfecting (chemical
treatment@@ /
autoclaving / microwaving
and mutilation / shredding
Category No. 5
Discarded Medicine and Cytotoxic drugs
(Wastes comprising of outdated,
contaminated and discarded medicines)
Incineration@ / destruction
and drugs disposal in
secured landfills
Category No. 6
Soiled Waste (Items contaminated with
body fluids including cotton, dressings,
soiled plaster casts, lines, bedding and
other materials contaminated with blood.)
Incineration@ /
autoclaving / microwaving
Category No. 7
Solid Waste (Waste generated from
disposable items other than the waste
sharps such as tubing, catheters,
intravenous sets, etc.)
Disinfecting by chemical
treatment@@ /
autoclaving / microwaving
and mutilation / shredding
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Category No. 8
Liquid Waste (Waste generated from
the laboratory and washing, cleaning,
house keeping and disinfecting
activities)
Disinfecting by chemical
treatment@@ and
discharge into drains
Category No. 9Incineration Ash (Ash from incineration
of any biomedical waste)
Disposal in municipal
landfill
Category No.10
Chemical Waste (Chemicals used in
production of biologicals, chemicals
used in disinfecting, as insecticides,
etc.)
Chemical treatment @@
and discharge into drains
for liquids and secured
landfill for solids.
PROBLEMS RELATED TO BIO MEDICAL WASTE IN INDIA
CLASSIFICATION OF HEALTH CARE WASTE
INFECTIOUS WASTE
Lab cultures
Waste from isolation wards
Tissues(swabs)
Materials/equipments of infected patients
PATHOLOGICAL WASTE
• Excreta
• Human tissues/fluids
• Body parts
• Blood or body fluids
SHARP WASTE
Needles
Infusion Sets
Scalpels
Knives Blades
Broken Glass
PHARMACEUTICAL WASTE
• Expired Pharmaceuticals
• Contaminated Pharmaceuticals
• Banned Pharmaceuticals
GENOTOXIC WASTE
Waste Containing Cytotoxic Drugs(often Used In Cancer Theraphy)
Genotoxic Chemicals
CHEMICAL WASTE
Lab reagents
Film developer
Expired disinfectants
Expired solvents
WASTE WITH HIGH CONTENT OF HEAVY
METALS
Waste with high content of heavy metals
Batteries
Broken thermometers
Blood pressure guages etc
PRESSURIZED CONTAINERS
Gas cylinders
Gas catridges
Aerosol cans
RADIOACTIVE WASTE
Radiotherapy/lab research liquids
Contaminated glass wares, packages, absorbent papers
HOSPITAL WASTE DISPOSAL
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Hospital waste management
is a part of hospital hygiene
and maintenance activities. In
fact only 15% of hospital
waste i.e. "Biomedical waste"
is hazardous, not the
complete.
But when hazardous waste is
not segregated at the source
of generation and mixed with
nonhazardous waste, then
100% waste becomes
hazardous
Treatment and Disposal Methods of
Hospital Waste
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THANK YOU