RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

ByRaghu

Nandan (Nandu)

INCLUDES• RESPIRATION

• Internal and external respiration

• Pulmonary function test (PFTs)

• PHYSIOLOGY of Respiration system

• Respiratory Therapy Equipment

RESPIRATION• Respiration is the exchange of gases in any

biological process.•  Respiration is the process in which sugars are

converted in to usable energy.

RESPIRATION-DEFINITION

• a process in living organisms involving the production of energy, typically with the intake of oxygen and the release of carbon dioxide from the oxidation of complex organic substances.

Internal and External Respiration

• External respiration (breathing) is basically the transfer of gas between respiratory organs such as lungs and the outer environment.

• Internal respiration (tissue respiration) is the transfer of gas between the blood and cells and release energy.

FLOW OF RESPIRATION

Pulmonary function test (PFTs)

• Pulmonary Function testing measures the function of lung capacity and lung and chest wall mechanics to determine whether or not the patient has a lung problem.• Pulmonary Function Tests are

commonly referred to as "PFTs"

LUNGS• The lungs are a pair of spongy, elastic bag, air-

filled organs located on either side of the chest (thorax) where oxygenation of air occurs.

• The lungs are covered by a thin tissue layer called the pleura. The same kind of thin tissue lines the inside of the chest cavity

PHYSIOLOGY OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM FLOW

ALVEOLI

• In alveoli interchange of the oxygen from the lungs to the blood and diffusion of carbon dioxide from the blood to the lugs take place.

• About 300 million alveoli are found in lungs roughly.

• The alveolar surface area is about 80m2

INHALATION AND EXHILATION

• When we inhale diaphragm which is at bottom of thoraic cavity which when pulls downward to enlarge the thorax.

• On release of inspiratory muscles the elasticity of the lungs and ribcage combine with tone of diaphragm reduces volume of thorax there by developing a +ve pressure that forces air out of lungs.

• Inspiration -3mm of Hg • Expiration +3mm Of Hg

RESPIRATORY THERAPY EQUIPMENT

• If a patient is incapable of adequate ventilation by natural process then mechanical assistance must be provided so to get oxygen delivered to body.

RESPIRATORY THERAPY EQUIPMENTS

INHALATORS

VENTILATORS

RESPIRATORS

HUMIDIFIERSNEBULIZERSASPIRATORS

INHALATORS

• 1. an apparatus used to help inhale air, anesthetics, medicinal vapors, etc.

• 2. an apparatus for giving artificial respiration; respirator.

• Inhalators generally supply oxygen or other therepeutic gas to a patient who is able to breath spontaneously without assistance. (oxygen concentration is adjusted)

INHALATORS

HUMIDIFIERS

• Humidity is the amount of water vapor in the air.

• Humidifier therapy adds moisture to the air to prevent dryness that can cause irritation in many parts of the body

• Virtually it is included in all inhalators, respirators and ventilators to humidify air.

NEBULIZERS• Nebulizers use oxygen, compressed air or

ultrasonic power to break up medical solutions and suspensions into small aerosol droplets that can be directly inhaled from the mouthpiece of the device.

• aerosol is a "mixture of gas and liquid particles,“

• Used when water or other mediacation be suspended in the inspired air as an aerosol.

ULTRASONIC NEBULIZER

• ultrasonic nebulizer an electronic device that generates ultrasound waves that break up water into an aerosol mist.

• Consists two parts• Generatorproduces radio frequency• Nebulizer itself

ULTRASONIC NEBULIZERS

ASPIRATORS

• These are often included as a part of a ventilator or inhalator to remove mucus and other fluids from air ways.

• In most cases it is not provided as a part of respiratory therapy equipment a separate suction device may be utilized

ASPIRATOR

HUMIDIFIERS

Respirators & Ventilators

• To Provide Ventilation to the lungs• Assistor mode• Controlled mode• Pressure-cycled Ventilators• Volume-cycled ventilators

ICU VENTILATOR

REFERENCES

• Bio Medical Instrumentation Dr.ON Pandey

• Medical Instrumentation JhonG.Webster

• Bio Medical InstrumentationLeslie Cromwell

• Internet