Post on 28-Mar-2016
description
BidjovaggeJingyuan Hu & Kari Havnevik
Kautokeino
Karasjok
Alta
Tromsø
Bardufoss
Storslett
Finnmarksvidda
Lakselv
Skibotn Oslo
The location
Kautokeino
Bidjovagge
Bigjovagge copper and goldmine in placed in a green rock belt in Finnmark, on the border of Troms municipality. The mine is about 2,5 km long, and is located 40 km North-East of Kautokeino. The mine has been exploting copper and gold over two periods of time, and is now planning to reopen. The !rst period of extraction from 1970-1975 the mine was only extracting copper. When Finish Outokumpu acquired the mine in -84 they started to ex-tract a lot more gold, but because of the low copper price on the market they had to close down.
Today the Swedish !rm Artic Gold AB has bought the mine and is planning to operate by 2013. There has been a protest from the indig-enous hearding people in the area together with locals and nature environment directorate. Who will win? Will operation in of Bidjovagge take place, or will the indigenous and environmentalists be heard this time?
1950no one believed there was oil or gas 1959
foundings in Netherland changed people’s mind
1963,he government proclaimed sover-eignty over the Norwegian conti-nental shelf.
1980 Alexanser L Kielland disastercreated biggest disaster in Norway’s oil history
1981Discoveries in the Norwegian Sea 1986
Go for gas
1992Another pipeline
2000Peak reached
2007Production start and merge
1969First commercial discovery1971
First oil produced
1977Bravo blowout
1974A giant is foundStat"ord was proven in the North Sea
http://www.olf.no/en/Facts/Petroleum-history/
Brief History of Norwegian Oil
Sami
Norwegian CompanyBidjovagge Gruber A/S
Swedish CompanyArctic Gold
Swedish Company
Finish CompanyOutokumpu
Stop
Stop
1950
1970
19751985
1991
2010
Future ?
Restart
Restart
production ended
low gold price
Bolide
Start
Continue
Brie
f Hist
ory
of B
idjo
vagg
e
http://www.olf.no/en/Facts/Petroleum-history/
http://www.arcticgold.se
/
?
We try to !nd if there is any in#uence of the oil industry to mining in Nor-way, though we did not !nd any, we believe there must be some impact there.
Grasberg, Indonesia Super Pit, Australia Kittilä, Finnland
How big is Bidjovagge?
http
://w
ww
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es.c
om/a
rtic
les/
2437
87/2
0111
104/
10-b
igge
st-g
old-
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es-w
orld
.htm
#pag
e1
Here shows the annual produc-tion of Grasberg, the biggest gold mine in the world, Super Pit the tenth biggest gold mine and Kittilä, the biggest gold mine in Europe.
http
://w
ww
.ibtim
es.c
om/a
rtic
les/
2437
87/2
0111
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10-b
igge
st-g
old-
min
es-w
orld
.htm
#pag
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http
://na
turv
ernf
orbu
ndet
.no/
Picturs of Bidjovagge Today
The back!ll of rocks The back!ll of water
Autum pasture 1
Autum pasture 2
Autum/Winter pasture 1
Spring/Autum pasture 1
Spring pasture 1
Pollution zone
Bidjovagge
Kautokeino
Reisa Nationalpark
Jorba
Drilling for minerals in mines mainly happens in the summertime because of the ground in the winter, and makes it hard to drill. When drilling for minerals a lot of dust is created, and chemicals are used to extract the minerals. These chemicals are mixed in with the dust and pollute the area around. The range of damage is uncertain, but it a! ects large areas around. The water is also polluted, and some of the chemicals could even a! ect the ground water.
In the earlier operation periods in Bidejovagge the consequences of drilling was clearly visual. The pollution a! ected the lichen in the area, and around 100 000 reindeers in the
area. The con" ict between the Sami people and the mining industry is therefore quite hot. Bidjovagge mine is also located in one of the reindeer’s moving path. What will the consequences of a future drilling operation be?
It is said that reindeer can easily adapt to new tracks if they are “forced” to change their heading path. Maybe it would be possible to lead the reindeer into creating new paths of moving. And by crossing land that is further away from the mine the land might be less polluted. This could be a solution if the mine is reopend in 2013.
Enviroment vs. Mining
= 5 People
= 5 reindeer
2000 reindeers
On average, 5 people (1 family generally) own a group of 2000 reindeers
5 people/ 1 family
Reisa Nationalpark
Jorba
Kautokeino
Lulli Lickà
Stuorajàvri Mierojàvri
Àvzi
Searradas
Láhpoluoppa
Finland
Spring pasture
Autum pasture
Winter pasture Seasonal raindeer pastures
eind
rift.n
o/Ba
sis m
ap: h
ttps
://ka
rt.re
Bidjovagge Mine
Trym
Ivar
Ber
gsm
oBo
azoj
ahki
four
seas
ons w
ith th
e re
inde
er p
eopl
e
Economy Politics Mining Indigenous
Participants in the issue of reopening Bidjovagge
DN
Dire
ctor
at fo
r N
atur
e M
anag
emen
t
KILF
Clim
ate
and
Pollu
-tio
n m
anag
emen
t
NIK
U N
orw
egia
n In
sititu
e fo
r Cu
lture
Her
itage
Road
man
agem
ent
NIN
A N
orw
egia
n In
situt
e of
Nat
ure
Rese
rch
Stat
skog
Fefo
Fin
nmar
k Pr
oper
ty
people Reindeer Properties Infrastructure Environment
Rein
deer
man
agm
et
Loca
l res
iden
ts
Sam
i par
liam
ent
Kaut
okei
no M
unic
ipal
ity
Nor
drei
sea
Mun
icip
ality
The
Nor
weg
ian
Parli
amen
t
Alca
ston
Exp
lora
tion
AB
Arct
ic G
old
AB
Reopening the Mine
Reclaim the area if the mine is not restored
Reopening the mine
The question about reopening the Bidjovagge mine is a hot topic at the moment. Arctic Gold AB in cooperation with Alcaston Exploration AB is planning to reoclaim that they have found more minerals to extract. Bidjovagge is located in the middle of a reindeer heading area which provokes the Sami Sidas. In the questhe environmental issue will determine whether or not the mine will be reopened. In order to start operating again Arctic Gold has to pass several political andThe new extraction will also a! ect other participants, and discussions and agreements will take place in order to plan this new operation.
Sequence one
Enclosure of the mine after det reopening
open the mine, and stion of reopening
d environmental acts.
Roots of the issue of Bidejovagge
Future sequence events
Reclaim the area if the mine is not restored
Reopening the Mine
Reclaim the area if the mine is not restored
If Actic Gold does not succeed to pass the acts the area is still an issue. Polluted ground, and large scares are left at the area, and who will take responsibilarea is grounded in two municipalities, and the Sami has the right to the land. The polluted ground may still be a! ecting the water and ground water, andclosure of the mine in 1991 does not provide enough information on what is actually left of chemicals and other emissions. The environmentalists want tcover the scares of the landscape, but who will be economically responsible?
Sequence two
Enclosure of the mine after det reopening
lity to clean this up? The d the report done on the to clean up the land and
Reclaim the area if the mine is not restored
Reopening the Mine
Enclosure of the mineArctic Gold may be able to provide enough evidence of existing minerals and pass the emission demand. As they predict today they might be able to oa short period of time according to mining industries. The result will probably be even larger stigmas in the landscape and will they be able to cover tharea? Will the same thing happen as for the closure in 1991?
Sequence three
Enclosure of the mine after det reopening
operate in 5-10 years. That is e expense of reclaiming the
Conclusion
The scars in the landscape after two periods of mining are still visible. The case of reopening the mine has several opinions and the consequences of restoring are still vague because there is a lack of research on the topic. The area is polluted and scared whether or not the extraction will start again. Is it possible to heal this fractured landscape?
I think that should be the main issue of this discussion. Who will reclaim this landscape and # t it in to its natural biosphere? The way I see it the area has no economical fund to be cleaned. By setting up a deal with the future mining company which secure a reclamation fund for the area might be the only way to raise money to increase the natural quality of the area.
Tin(Sn)
Lead(Pb)
Zinc(Zn)
Alluminium(Al)Magnesium(Mg)
Silver(Ag)
Gold(Au) Copper(Cu)
Iron(Fe)
232327
419
659670
916
1083
1530
1063
Why they are always being found together in the ore deposit?Many ore bodies are the result of late -stage melts of crustal or oceanic crus-tal rocks. What Silver, Gold and Copper have in common is a relatively low melting point so any late-stage situation can have these metals concentrated together.
http://www.heiszwolf.com
/knutselsm
urf/C
astin
g/Casting.html
http://answ
ers.yahoo.com
/question/index?qid=
20100216140409AA
mQN
4G
Celsi
us D
egre
e
Iron(Fe)
Gold
= 10 people
kg
ton
194
6565
6292
23752
6486
30300
unkown
!rst period!rst period 2013-?
second period future
?Copper
How many people involvedTotal production of each period
http://aps.n
gu.no/pls/oradb/minres_BH
_fakta.Kjerne?p_objid=1
0819&p_spraak=N
5y-production
5y-production
Line of anrikningsverkLine of deponi for avgangsmasserOld gråbergNew gråbergNew gråberg on old storageMineralisationOreOld sand deponiOld opencast
Bijovagge Mine
Nordfeltet
BB- Deposit
D
D- Deposit
Deposit for avgangsmasser
Laura Deposit
Laura
Nordfeltet Deposit
http
://w
ww
.arc
ticgo
ld.se
/File
r/do
kum
ent/
ovrig
t/Ve
dleg
g-2.
-Pre
sent
asjo
n-fra
-Ram
bll-p
a-fo
lkem
tene
-
105 m
68 m
Deposit areas put into scale
Nordfeltet Deposit
B- Deposit
D- Deposit
Laura Deposit
Line of anrikningsverkLine of deponi for avgangsmasserOld gråbergNew gråbergNew gråberg on old storageMineralisationOreOld sand deponiOld opencast
Bijovagge Mine
Nordfeltet
BB- Deposit
D
D- Deposit
Deposit for avgangsmasser
Laura Deposit
Laura
Nordfeltet Deposit
http
://w
ww
.arc
ticgo
ld.se
/File
r/do
kum
ent/
ovrig
t/Ve
dleg
g-2.
-Pre
sent
asjo
n-fra
-Ram
bll-p
a-fo
lkem
tene
-
105 m
68 m
Deposit areas put into scale
Nordfeltet Deposit
B- Deposit
D- Deposit
Laura Deposit
Nordfeltet Deposit
B- Deposit
D- Deposit
Laura Deposit
10 000 m2
15 000 m2
100 000 m2
108 000 m2
30 000 m3
30 000 m3
165 000 m3
640 000 m3
Deposit areas planned masses
headframe
ventilation shalft
ore pass
ore pass
ramp
skip
sump
crusher
ore bin
exploration drift
stope
main shalft
ore body
main levels
diamond drilling
Sub surface mine
Surface mine
Combination
Underground mine
Combination
Sub surface mine
Surface mine
Typical subsurface mining
16 drillings 1956-1975
In Bidjovagge
103 drillings 1985-1993
top soil to storage
back!ll by overburden
back!ll
bench
drillingdust & noise bu$e
http://www.ec.gc.ca/lcpe-cepa/default.asp?lang=
En&n=
CBE3CD
59-1&offset=4
&toc=show
http://www.ngu.no
Typical surface mining