Post on 25-Jun-2018
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Benchmarks and Indicators inSupport of Land Policy and LandAdministration Reforms in Africa
Brave Ndisale, AUC
Joan Kagwanja, ECA
Environment Indicators Workshop
July 16-20, 2007
UNCC, ECA
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A Pan African Framework onLand Policy-Overview
AUC-ECA-ADB Led Initiative
Brave Ndisale
DREA/AUC
Workshop on Environmental Statistics
16-20 July 2007
Addis Ababa,
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Outline
Rational for a Pan-Africa Framework on landissues
Main Functions of the framework
Roadmap/Critical Steps
Status and achievements
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Rationale: Importance of land in Africa
Land is important to Africa’s economic, socialand political development as well asenvironmental management: Secure land rights is a the basis for Economic
investment and economic growth (Economic)
If well- governed and managed, land is a meansfor poverty reduction and inequalities (social)
Better governance of land resources (e.g.decentralized management) and renewal of landinstitutions is vital to peace, security andparticipatory democracy (political)
Sound Land policy/management is necessary forenvironmental management and existingcommitments (Environmental)
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Initiative is rooted within the framework of NEPADand is based on four pillars: Economic, Social,Political and Environmental
Potential value added of an African wide approach ingenerating resources/ capacity to tackle land issues
Land policy and reform are a means of integration atdifferent levels helping to facilitate Africanintegration
A pan-African initiative can help facilitate peerlearning, knowledge exchange and monitoring landpolicy reforms e.g. through the APRM/NEPAD
Rationale: Why a pan-Africaninitiative?
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Main Functions of the Framework
Provide a basis for political commitment byAfrican nations and build programmes ofcommon action for sound land policies
Gain commitment of the internationalcommunity in establishing a lasting frameworkfor funding land policy and administrativereforms
Develop clear guidelines and benchmarks withindicators of good practice for land policy andinstitutional reforms
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Main Functions of the Framework cont’d
Promote constructive treatment of landissues within the CAADP framework tofacilitate agricultural transformation
Promote programmes for securing urbanland rights to support urban growth anddevelopment of peri-urban areas
Make land policies and the performance ofland institutions subject to the African PeerReview Mechanism
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Road Map/Critical Steps
o A continental Consultative Workshop (March 2006)
o Land Policy benchmarks and Indicators development(on-going)
o Regional Assessments and Consultations (on-going)
o African Experts/Ministers Meeting (March 2008)
o Summit of African Heads of State and Government(July 2008)
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Stakeholders
Participatory process involving stakeholders:
Land users: smallholder farmers, pastoralists,natural resource users, urban dwellers andinvestors
National level: sectoral ministries, land agenciesand institutions, local government
Traditional authorities and customary institutions
Pan African institutions
African Union; Economic Commission for Africa;African Development Bank
Regional Economic Communities
Donor Agencies
Research and Training Institutions
Civil Society
Regional Networks
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Status of Implementation
Consultative meeting March 2006
African Experts Meeting/completion ofbackground document
Experts Group Meeting on Land indicators
Regional assessments underway---Consultations upcoming
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Achievements so far
Support to Kenyan Land policy formulationprocess—review of draft document andrecommendations up taken prior to parliament
Capacity building in Support of SADC land facility--ongoing
Successful synergies with UN agencies working inAfrica on land issues
Advocacy for Land issues—e.g. discussed inECOSOC ministerial forum in Geneva, July 2007
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Developing Benchmarks andIndicators in support of Land
Reforms
AUC-ECA-ADB Land Policy Initiative
Joan Kagwanja
FSSDD/ECA
Workshop on Environmental Statistics
16-20 July 2007
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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EGM on Land Indicators: Objectives/1
Approach for developing regional andnational land indicators, for themeasurement of the performance ofcountries in the implementation of theirland policies and related reforms
Initial list of benchmarks and Indicatorsfor measuring progress in addressing keyland issues in Africa state sovereignty over land; duality of property
systems; protecting the commons; tenuresecurity; land distribution; landadministration; policy implementationprocesses;
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EGM on Land Indicators: Objectives/2
Inputs necessary to transforming the Concept Noteinto a viable background document for thedevelopment of benchmarks and indicators
Gain consensus on a roadmap for thedevelopment, review and advocacy for thebenchmark and indicators----related to overallinitiative
Agree on the way forward in implementing theroadmap for the development of benchmarks andindicators
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EGM on Land Indicators: Inputs
Background Document
Skeleton Framework
Concept Note --first draft of potential landindicators for Africa for discussion and input.
Lessons on development of land indicators
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Benchmarks and Indicators:Examples
Issues to be addressed:
1. Protecting the commons
2. State Sovereignty over Land
3. Tenure Security
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Issue 1: Protecting the commons
Focus areas Benchmarks Indicators
Communities ableto gain equivalentland rights asindividuals
Land policyrecognizescollective rightsto land
Land institutionsrecognize collectiverights to commonproperty resources(ownership, useand management)
Increase in proportion ofcommon property registeredin the national cadastre
Amount of land registered ascommon property of groups
Specific minority groupsgranted collective land claims
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Issue 1: Protecting the commons/2
Focus areas Benchmarks Indicators
Ensuringindividual needsfor land andnatural resourcesare not denied
Common propertysystems recognizethe rights ofindividuals withinthe community
Legal safeguards that protectindividual rights
Numbers of individual vsgroup disputes
Ensuring themanagement ofcommonresources thathave multipleclaims
Land policyenables negotiationof access and useof land betweeninterested groupsand parties
Degree of communityinvolvement in decisionmaking over high-value publicresources
Frequency of negotiatedagreements of conflictbetween groups
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Issue 2: Sovereignty of the stateFocus areas Benchmarks Indicators
Role of statein landownership
State divestsitself of radicaltitle of land
Decrease in proportion of landowned by the state
Role of statein ensuringequity
State plays aneffective role inguaranteeingsovereignty ofland rights forall citizens,particularlyvulnerablegroups
Frequency of disputes betweencommunities and privateindividuals
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Issue 2: State sovereignty of land/2
Focus areas Benchmarks Indicators
Role of statein regulatingandguaranteeingland rights ofcitizen
State ensureseffectivemechanisms forconflictresolution overland andbalancingdiverse interests
Proportion of land managementby local communities
Proportion of land allocated byprivate investors
Level of disputes by localcommunities regarding landallocations by the state
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Issue 3: Tenure SecurityFocus areas Benchmarks Indicators
Protection ofoccupantsaccording todifferent tenuretypes
Ability to identify land rightsholders
Ability to recognize diversityof tenure situations
Percentage of land rightsholders that are protected
Ability to identify /registeroverlapping tenure rights
Record of documentedland rights
Number of documentedtenure types
% of demarcated anddocumented customaryland
% reduction of land-conflict cases arisingfrom overlappingclaims
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Issue 3: Tenure Security /2
Focus areas Benchmarks Indicators
Gender equity inaccess to landand security oftenure
Laws protecting gender arecreated, and theirimplementation is closelymonitored
Existing laws
Number of registeredcases of spouse s’ co-ownership
Number of registrationin inheritance cases infavour of women
Number of cases ofwidows eviction
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Next steps
Revise the Concept Paper and transform tobackground paper
Refinement of benchmarks and indicators
Designing mechanisms for assessing theprogress of countries against the indicators
Assessment of possible participatinginstitutions – who could do what
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Next steps/2
Assessment of human resources capacity inkey institutions at the country levels anddevelopment of plans to address constraints
Initiative to streamline land into the PeerReview Mechanism/ explore linkages with theNEPAD initiative on sustainable landmanagement indicators