Benchmark Jeopardy

2nd 9 Weeks! Standards 7-1 to 7-5.4

He began to explore present-day Mexico. He sailed for Spain and

conquered the Aztecs.

Hernando Cortes

a flat, moveable piece at the rear of a ship that makes it easier to steer

Rudder

was giving to Europeans by the Chinese.

Gunpowder

Explorers had to find a western or another route in order to trade with

Asia because of the Ottoman Empire.

Silk Road

Type of colony used to trade items, along a particular route.

Trading Post Empires

sailed for Spain who looked for a western route to Asia. He is known for the discovery of the Americas.

Christopher Columbus

Type of colony created in which a group of settlers establish new towns and settlements but still

linked to mother country.

Settler Colonies

Traveled around the southern tip of Africa to get to India. He sailed for

Portugal.

Vasco da Gama

determines latitude

astrolabe

a magnetized needle tells direction

compass

Type of colony in which large areas of land with cash crops that were

traded across the globe.

Plantation colony

China and Japan practiced isolationism. This is a policy of turning inward from the world.

isolationism

ships left Europe, and then went to Africa, then to the Americas, and

back to Europe

Triangular Trade

monarchies exercised absolute and total control.

Unlimited government

the movement of people, goods, ideas, and even diseases across

the Atlantic.

Columbian Exchange

When a nation builds up a large supply of gold and silver.

Mercantilism

rulers with unlimited power.

Absolute monarchy

a system in which power is restricted by the people. (The leader has rules to

follow)

Limited government

the idea that rulers receive their power directly from God and are responsible only to God and

not the people.

Divine Rights of Kings

He believed in limited governments. He outlined the structure of

governments which were the three branches. (Separation of Powers)

(Check and balance system)executivelegislative

judicial

Baron de Montesquieu

argued that people should be powered by an absolute monarch.

Thomas Hobbes

also believed in a social contract and natural laws. His ideas help influence develop the democratic

government.

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

He believed that everyone was born with a blank mind (tabula rasa). He declared that every person was born with three natural rights: life, liberty, and property. Locke believed in a social contract between

citizens and the ruler. His ideas help write the Declaration of Independence.

John Locke

Which nation has the oldest written constitution in the World?

a document stating the rules and principles on which a nation is run.

Written constitution

allow the three branches of government to limit and control each other. No branch can over

power the other.

Checks and Balances

an agreement between the citizens and their ruler.

Social contract

The division of power among the three branches of government.

(Montesquieu)

Separation of Powers

Sets forth the goals and ideals that the people of that nation believe

and share.

Preamble

Any system in which the people hold the power, usually by voting.

Democracy

stated that the earth was the center of the universe. (Geocentric)

Ptolemy

What nation has the oldest constitution?

Great Britain has the oldest written constitution which is the Magna

Carta.

Improved the telescope and used it to prove that the sun was the

center of the universe.

Galileo Galilei

created the scientific method.

Francis Bacon

• He used mathematical formulas to show that the planets move in ellipses (oval paths) around the sun.

Johannes Kepler

He used the scientific method to discover the laws of motion.

Isaac Newton

founder of rationalism (reasoning)

Rene Descartes