Post on 22-Feb-2016
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Bell Ringer – 10/28m.socrative.com – Room 38178 OR Bell Ringer Card
QUESTION: In the next unit, I would
like to try using your devices in some new and creative ways. But first I need to know what you have. Answer the following question honestly.
Which of the following best describes your device?
Ipad Kindle Fire Tablet other than an
Ipad or Kindle Laptop only Smart phone only
Front of the Class
The Baroque PeriodNEW TAB in your binder!
Introduction & Art
Introduction to the Baroque Period
Generally, the late 1500s through the mid to late 1600s
Started with the Scientific Revolution Francis Bacon Galileo Galilei Johannes Kepler Rene Descartes Isaac Newton
The Scientific Revolution
Francis Bacon (1561-1626) Knowledge = power Knowledge comes with understanding the natural world Developed the Scientific Method
Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) Established a mathematical approach to discovery Built the first astronomical telescope Observed the mountains on the moon, sunspots, the rings of Saturn, the
moons of Jupiter, and the composition of the Milky Way The church OBJECTED his conclusions and experiments and arrested him in
1633. Under threat of torture, he recanted his discoveries.
The Scientific Revolution
Johannes Kepler (1571-1630) Three laws of planetary motion (what keeps planets in orbit) Confirmed that the solar system was organized by mathematically
determined relationships
Rene Descarte (1596-1650) Experimental methods led to knowledge Studied matter and how it occupied time and space “I think, therefore I am.” Solve problems by starting with the simplest and moving to the complex
The Scientific Revolution
Isaac Netwon (1642-1727) Basically discovered gravity 3 Laws of motion Effectively separated science from theology
Philosophy
Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) Believed that humans were driven by the fear of death and the quest for
power Argued for one ruler over the people Wrote the Leviathan
John Locke (1632-1704) Locke believed that humankind was good and that humans were capable of
governing themselves Believed in “self-government” People deserved the right to choose their leaders (believed in a government similar to what the United States would soon be
found on)
History – The Reformation
People (such as Martin Luther) turned against the Catholic church and formed new religions like Protestantism and Lutheranism
The Catholic church, in turn, had its own reformation in response A sort of “rebirth” of the Catholic church No longer about spending lavishly, selling indulgences, etc.
The desire for a more spiritual, more relevant, and less worldy religion affected Catholic and Protestant alike The gap between the two groups widened in the 1550s, attitudes became
more entrenched, open conflict occurred, and differences were emphasized Doctrine was created and made as clear as possible
History – The Reformation
The reformation of the Catholic church depended on a change in the papacy
Pope Paul III came to the rescue
Created the Council of Trent – met off and on for 20 years in the 1540s, 1550s, and 1560s to review doctrine Built of bishops and theologians
The Catholic Reformation strengthened the clergy and bishops so that they had more leadership
History – The Reformation
Protestants put individual conscience and the Bible first; Catholics insisted that conscience and the Scriptures must be interpreted first by the church
Lots of religious based wars at this time. Height of violence was between 1560 and 1600
Protestant mobs vandalized Catholic cathedrals, tortured and burned at the stake anyone deemed heretical
Martin Luther approved of the execution of extremist Anabaptists
The ended when the Protestants and Catholics ultimately burnt themselves out
Baroque PaintingCaravaggio, Rembrandt, & Vermeer
Painting Introduction
Adopted systematic and rational composition
Ornamentation was unified through variation on a single theme
Realism was the main subject of a painting
Color was emphasized, as was the dramatic use of light and shade
Painting Introduction
Open compositions – eyes travel off the canvas to a wider reality
Intensely active compositions that emphasized feeling rather than form, and emotion rather than intellect
Artworks do NOT conform to a simple mold
Painting Introduction
Glorified the church and religious sentiment, both Catholic and Protestant
Portrayed the magnificence of secular wealth
Each artists sought to establish their own personal style
Style spread rapidly throughout the continent
1600-1725 – visual art period
Caravaggio
1569-1609 Roman
He was jailed on several occasions, vandalized his own apartment, and ultimately had a death warrant issued for him by the Pope In 1606 he killed a young man in a brawl and fled from Rome Involved in several brawls across Italy He died at the age of 38 under mysterious circumstances (supposedly a fever,
his enemies very well may have killed him.)
Caravaggio
Chiaroscuro – shift from light to dark with little intermediate value; fixed the subject in a blinding stripe of light
Worked at a great speed from live models
Had a noteworthy ability to express in one scene of unsurpassed vividness the passing of a crucial moment
Caravaggio
Famous while alive, but almost immediately forgotten about when he died
In the 20th century, his importance to art was rediscovered
Caravaggio – The Calling of St. Matthew
Caravaggio –The Calling of St. Matthew Highlight and shadow
create a dramatic portrayal of the moment when the future apostle is touched by divine grace
Religious subject depicted in contemporary terms
Caravaggio –The Calling of St. Matthew Expresses one of the
central themes of Catholic-Reformation: that faith and grace are open to all and that spiritual understanding is a personal, and overpowering, emotional experience
Caravaggio – The Death of the Virgin
Caravaggio – The Death of the Virgin
The painter depicts real, almost common people, rather than idealized figures
Shows the corpse of the Virgin Mary, surrounded by the mourning disciples and friends of Christ
A harsh light streams across the work, emphasizing the figure of the Virgin and creating dynamic broken patterns of light and shade
Caravaggio – Other Artworks
The Crucifixion of St. Peter
The Entombment of Christ
Caravaggio – Other Artworks
Nativity with St. Francis and St. Lawrence Was stolen from its frame in
October 1969 Estimated value - $20 million
Rembrandt
1606-1669
Reflected the visions and objectives of the new and wealthy middle class Created both religious and secular artworks in this manner
Artwork is by, for, and about the middle class
The first “capitalist” artist To him, the quality of art could be gauged by its value on the open market
Rembrandt
Delivered the depths of human emotion and psychology in the most dramatic terms
Rembrandt uses suggestion rather than great detail
Atmosphere, shadow, and implication create emotion
Produced over 600 paintings, nearly 400 etchings, and 2,000 drawings
Rembrandt – The Descent from the Cross
Rembrandt – The Descent from the Cross Uses reds, golds, and red-
browns (associated with richness)
Forms are evident through the changes in value
Open composition – lines escape the frame Left arm of the cross is off the
page
Rembrandt – The Descent from the Cross A strong central triangle holds
the composition together
Chiaroscuro – Chris is much brighter than everything around him
Rembrandt – The Night Watch
Rembrandt – The Night Watch
Group portrait of a military unit
Portrayed on duty (not common practice)
A scene of great vigor and dramatic intensity
Presents a celebration of chaos
Rembrandt – The Night Watch
Some figures fade into the shadows
Other figures are hidden by the gestures of those placed in front of them
Light is used for dramatic purposes only (no natural light source)
The viewer is invited to share in an emotional experience, rather than observe it
Rembrandt – Other ArtworksThe Abduction of Europa
Rembrandt – Other ArtworksThe Storm on the Sea of Galilee
Depicts the miracle of Jesus calming the storm on the Sea of Galilee
Was stolen in 1990
Rembrandt’s only seascape
Vermeer
1632-1675
Masterful control of light and shade
Takes chiaroscuro and develops strong value contrasts that are emotional and compositional as well.
Mostly secular works
Vermeer – The Girl with the Red Hat
Highlights establish a basic compositional triangle extending from the shoulder to cheek, down to the hand, and across the sleeve back to the shoulder.
A red flare encircles the subject’s face with a feathery halo Draws our attention NOT to the
hat, but to the eyes and mouth
Vermeer – Girl with the Pearl Earring
Most famous work
The pearl earring is the focal point
The dark background was initially green
Baroque Sculpture
Baroque Sculpture
Forms and space were charged with energy
Sculpture directed the viewer’s vision and inward and invited participation rather than observation
Feeling was the focus
Treated space like a painting – meant to describe a SCENE rather than a single form
Gian Lorenzo Bernini
1598-1680
Sculptor, Architect, and Stage Designer
Created the Baroque style in sculpture
Considered the setting figures were situated in
Mostly religious works
Gian Lorenzo Bernini - David
Power and Action
Curls to unleash the stone from his sling (to hit Goliath)
Goliath is outside the sculpture itself – “open” Viewer is propelled outward
because of his concentrated expression
Gian Lorenzo Bernini - David
The viewer participates emotionally and feels the drama
Seems to flex and contract with the action – as opposed to Michelangelo’s giant still version
Gian Lorenzo Bernini – Ecstasy of St. Theresa Represents an experience
described by St. Theresa – an angel pierced her heart with a golden flaming arrow
“The pain was so great that I screamed aloud; but at the same time I felt such infinite sweetness that I wished the pain to last forever.”
Gian Lorenzo Bernini – Ecstasy of St. Theresa 11 feet tall
Every aspect of the work suggests motion
Draperies are hit by an imaginary wind
Forces the viewer’s involvement in an overwhelming emotional and religious experience