Post on 15-Sep-2015
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Geology versus Agglomeration: Bedrock Depth and the Formation of the Manhattan Skyline, 1890-1915Jason Barr, Rutgers U.Troy Tassier, Fordham U.Rossen Trendafilov, Fordham U.
Outline of TalkThe Debate: Geology and the Spatial Distribution of ActivitySummary of ConclusionsManhattan:Skyscrapers: 1890-1915Geology and geographyThe Great LeapResultsCostsLocation ChoicesSome evidence on workers residence locationsExtras (if time)PicturesSome Geological History
The SkylineWhy do we observe two clusters of skyscrapers in Manhattan and not one continuous one? Why did builders jump from downtown to midtown?What role did bedrock play in the location of skyscrapers?How sensitive were building decisions to changes in bedrock depths?
Causation or Correlation?[N]ear New York University, the surface bedrock drops appreciablyup to several hundred feet below the street level. Farther southit comes again to within about one hundred feet of the surface. Dividing Manhattan into the downtown and midtown districts.That is to say, the skyscrapers of New York City are clustered together into the midtown group, where the bedrock is within several feet of the surface, and the downtown group, where the bedrock again reappears to within forty feet of the surface near Wall Street. In any event, it is readily seen how clearly the accessibility of the bedrock has, to some degree, controlled the architectural planning of the city.
From The Geology of New York City and Environs, C. J. Schuberth 1968, pps. 81-82. Emphasis added by me.
ConclusionsDepth to bedrock appears to have had, at best, a modest effect on the distribution of skyscrapers.Some evidence of bedrock effect within downtown.Jump was driven by:Transportation hubs.Avoidance of dense residential and manufacturing districts.Readjustment to be near white collar workers.
Manhattan Geology
Manhattan Skyscrapers and Non-skyscrapers (1915)
Skyscraper TechnologyHere skyscraper: 80 meters or taller (about 20 stories).First NYC skyscraper 1889: 11 stories.Pulitzer World Building (1890), 20 stories, 94 meters.
Steel skeleton.Elevator with safety break.Caissons to anchor building to bedrock.
Skyscrapers and BedrockAfter a certain height, a building had to be anchored to bedrock so as to prevent (possible uneven) settling.If two buildings have the same total area, but one had three stories and the second had 20 stories, only the second building would need to be anchored.
Skyscrapers Statistics, 1890-1915
Depth to Bedrock (1915)100 feet
Building Heights and Bedrock Depths Relative to Street Level100 feet
Chart2
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Latitude (Degrees)
=>=>=North=>=>
Avg. Relative Building Height
Avg. Relative Bedrock Depth
downtown
BuildingAddressYearSkyHeight_MSkyStoriesBlockLotskyscraperavgDepthLatitude
Bowling Green Building11 Broadway, 11 Greenwich Street18968323135110.418514328340.705433
Whitehall Building Annex17 Battery Place191112931157501110.417259523440.705782
Broad Exchange Building25 Broad Street, 44 Exchange Place190284202519114.594239160940.706043
Atlantic Mutual Building49-53 Wall Street190179.9182621115.906796282240.706376
37 Wall Street (The Trust Company of America)37 Wall Street190797252614116.079481905440.706482
60 Wall Street60-62 Wall Street to Pine Street190510726403113.308546152440.70662
Club Quarters Downtown Hotel52 William Street190381204016115.350202481240.706734
Commercial Cable Building20-22 Broad Street189782.3222350119.689090782740.706824
Fire Companies Building80 Maiden Lane191296264231119.695316838940.70723
Manhattan Life Insurance Building64-70 Broadway189410618237118.552417830840.707246
Knickerbocker Trust Building60 Broadway190911627237118.552417830840.707246
Empire Building71 Broadway189889.321216120.107560445340.707612
German-American Insurance Building68-76 Maiden Lane190885.62166115.007557426940.707677
Gillender BuildingWall Street at Nassau Street, NW Corner18978319469122.138512719740.707702
Hanover National Bank BuildingNassau at Pine Street, SW corner190311722469122.329970468140.707832
Bankers Trust Company Building14 Wall Street191216437469122.329970468140.707832
Bank of Tokyo (American Surety Company)100 Broadway189610326463123.861322530440.708035
U. S. Express Company Building2 Rector Street190710426511114.673423171440.708198
Equitable Building120 Broadway19151644047123.999240.708454
One Trinity Centre (Trinity Building)111 Broadway19058621492120.005399703540.708621
National Bank of Commerce31 Nassau Street189782.319481124.049188318940.70884
Liberty Tower55 Liberty Street191011733648126.013287044340.708987
Goldsmiths' & Silversmiths' Building15 Maiden Lane19078120657124.046546173740.709036
United States Realty Building115 Broadway19078621501117.172636479840.70906
City Investing Building165 Broadway190814833627501125.000469184640.710077
Singer Building149 Broadway190818747627501125.000469184640.710077
Washington Life Building141-145 Broadway189884.718627501123.476466136640.710077
90 West Street90 West Street19079923564116.785330745440.710134
Hudson Terminal Building South50 Church Street19088422611125.8974958940.710809
AT&T Building195 Broadway19141292980128.3940.710821
St. Paul Building (Ivins Syndicate Building)Broadway and Ann Str., SE corner189896268912127.986181866440.711093
Hudson Terminal Building North30 Church Street19088422811126.473769741140.711362
Park Row Building13-21 Park Row189911930907501129.814698722340.71137
Park Place Tower (American Tract Society)150 Nassau Street189589231003139.050557788140.711475
World BuildingPark Row & Franklin18909420121143.202440.712301
Woolworth Building233 Broadway Avenue1913241571231001133.935365628940.712638
Municipal Building1 Centre St191417741121144.356240.713021
Home Life Insurance Building256-257 Broadway189485161347501131.967044099740.713151
New York Life Insurance Building346 Broadway189982121706131.608769614240.716452
W New York - Union Square (Guardian Life Building/Germania)50 Union Square East, 201 Park Avenue19118621873115.137503681940.736779
215 Park Avenue South215 Park Avenue South191480208731314.937520085140.736998
102 Fifth Avenue102 Fifth Avenue191183198174414.252545747540.73721
American Woolen Company Building111 East 18th Street19099119874115.151401776140.737275
Gramercy Park Building257 Park Avenue South at 21 Street19139120876616.617041440840.738559
902 Broadway902 Broadway191380208491615.672904981340.739437
Remington Rand Building315 Park Avenue South, 100 East 24 Street191181208798119.481546158840.740543
Metropolitan Life Insurance Company Tower1 Madison Avenue1909213508537501110.687762682940.741063
Flatiron Building175 5th Avenue and Broadway190286.922851116.855007869540.741152
Hess Building360 Park Avenue South191390218552416.717547935340.742209
Second Madison Square Garden26th & Madison Ave1891981485614.05640.742803
Masonic Hall Building Addition73 West 23 Street19138919825115.774889069340.743079
Madison Square Building15 East 26 Street, 10 East 27 Street191283208561116.897699676340.743445
11 East 26th Street1-13 East 26 Street, 6-8 East 27 Street19128421856916.97342141740.743534
212 Fifth Avenue212 5 Avenue191380208274418.354615352540.743591
Croisic Building220 Fifth Avenue191082208283517.464054427940.743859
Victoria Building230 5 Avenue191280208284117.546459518240.744258
105 Madison Avenue/Kaye Building105 Madison Avenue191591218596415.756163475740.745038
303 Fifth Avenue303 Fifth Avenue190982208611111.141274612340.746639
Herald Towers Apartments (McAlpin Hotel)1300 Broadway19129425835115.580322637240.749395
Belmont Hotel120 Park Avenue1908942212763315.248912171840.752126
Everett Building8 West 40 Street191583208415417.256382949240.75241
Union Carbide & Carbon Building310 Madison Avenue, 28 East 41 Street191387.82312765818.793613280740.752735
Bank of America Building (Biltmore Hotel)335 Madison Avenue1913932812782015.396057641540.753727
World's Tower Building110 West 40 Street1913102308153915.489187177140.753792
Yale Club50 Vanderbuilt Avenue1915802012792815.629375970340.754109
Vanderbilt Concourse Building40 EAST 45 STREET/52 Vanderbilt Ave191586201279115.87640.754344
Lewisohn Building119 West 40 Street191399229932215.635894379140.754409
State University College of Optometry (Aeolian Hall Building)33 West 42 Street1912801712581813.781832151740.754653
One Times Square1475 Broadway, Times Square190511125995111.189685630240.756246
Candler Building218 West 42 Street19121042310134113.421635551440.756246
7 West 45th Street7 West 45th Street1904811812613015.657315990840.756327
New York Times Building229 West 43 Street1913811810151213.256139467740.757555
St. Regis Hotel2 East 55 Street1904931812906914.353048440440.761333
U.S. Rubber Company Building1790 Broadway1912872010295314.232535113540.766851
.110 WALL STREET, NEW YORK, 1000537807.149157193440.705083
.160 WATER STREET, NEW YORK, 100387043021.502817661140.706994
.211 PEARL STREET, NEW YORK, 10038696018.126388165140.70745
.25 PECK SLIP, NEW YORK, 1003810740027.569303857940.708222
.3 BEEKMAN STREET, NEW YORK, 100389014027.87588732640.711248
.48 MARKET STREET, NEW YORK, 100022747501037.018183252540.712004
.549 GRAND STREET, NEW YORK, 1000226665027.452171097640.713858
.38 WARREN STREET, NEW YORK, 100071367502034.610398617940.714761
.8 LUDLOW STREET, NEW YORK, 100022971046.86595408440.715054
.51 CANAL STREET, NEW YORK, 100022987501047.014428866940.715265
.50 BOWERY, NEW YORK, 1001320223045.149368286940.715964
.325 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, 1000715225041.271543904740.716265
.132 BROOME STREET, NEW YORK, 1000234260026.702864310140.716558
.335 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, 1001317333034.687825905940.716688
.87 HESTER STREET, NEW YORK, 1000230830046.253593776240.716737
.178 BROOME STREET, NEW YORK, 1000234771037.191182391440.71729
.288 DELANCEY STREET, NEW YORK, 100023231022.208553215840.717436
.114 BAXTER STREET, NEW YORK, 1001320720031.797764834640.717932
.60 PITT STREET, NEW YORK, 100023381021.805842798940.718054
.90 LUDLOW STREET, NEW YORK, 1000240939042.742408866340.718315
.132 MULBERRY STREET, NEW YORK, 100132377501036.404556330940.718558
.239 CANAL STREET, NEW YORK, 1001320819033.466416911440.71864
.284 BROOME STREET, NEW YORK, 1000241428036.600583670740.718884
.139 FRANKLIN STREET, NEW YORK, 1001317966027.179298045840.719055
.34 NORTH MOORE STREET, NEW YORK, 1001318925027.283751132640.71977
.23 6 AVENUE, NEW YORK, 1001319118024.541203734840.719827
.121 SUFFOLK STREET, NEW YORK, 1000235480029.858948177640.720364
.20 GREENE STREET, NEW YORK, 100132307503028.915350023340.720876
.4 HUBERT STREET, NEW YORK, 1001321527029.66711763340.721754
.306 WEST BROADWAY, NEW YORK, 1001322828022.498942673640.722169
.28 LAIGHT STREET, NEW YORK, 100132207502024.383315453540.722234
.176 EAST 3 STREET, NEW YORK, 1000939818022.649117373140.722884
.1 1st AVENUE, Manhattan, 100094281023.908903671840.723063
.134 AVENUE D, NEW YORK, 100093621027.470685122640.723193
.70 WOOSTER STREET, NEW YORK, 100124865024.399747299440.723291
.285 BOWERY, NEW YORK, 100034561024.798799667940.724299
.3 EXTRA PLACE, NEW YORK, 100034571024.751803551240.72508
.151 6 AVENUE, NEW YORK, 1001349146024.283571860140.725324
.103 PRINCE STREET, NEW YORK, 1001251339025.278006764240.725324
.309 EAST 8 STREET, NEW YORK, 1000939155034.244442989740.725568
.730 EAST 12 STREET, NEW YORK, 1000938138029.133457181140.725942
.421 EAST 6 STREET, NEW YORK, 1000943446026.489054730340.726299
.325 EAST 5 STREET, NEW YORK, 1000344746015.71431835240.726722
.67 EAST 4 STREET, NEW YORK, 1000346053018.036906318940.726885
.319 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, 1001359692025.167455301640.726999
.246 MERCER STREET, NEW YORK, 100125328019.33028802940.727633
.341 HUDSON STREET, NEW YORK, 1001459858024.611980318940.727844
.17 EAST 7 STREET, NEW YORK, 100034634906.654294622240.728739
.245 SULLIVAN STREET, NEW YORK, 100125417501016.717918222840.730202
.78 MORTON STREET, NEW YORK, 1001460264021.899107010640.730739
.93 3 AVENUE, NEW YORK, 100034684010.322568227840.731844
.464 HUDSON STREET, NEW YORK, 100145851017.823363844440.731942
.118 WAVERLY PLACE, NEW YORK, 10011552148013.988028565440.732267
.17 JONES STREET, NEW YORK, 1001459081015.409236789140.732283
.10 EAST 10 STREET, NEW YORK, 100035671109.034754177140.73282
.33 GROVE STREET, NEW YORK, 1001458871014.306312656740.733031
.10 N D PERLMAN PLACE, NEW YORK, 1000392246010.836903719140.733324
.126 EAST 14 STREET, NEW YORK, 100035592204.469521337240.73334
.287 WEST 10 STREET, NEW YORK, 1001463670033.263027330740.733665
.731 GREENWICH STREET, NEW YORK, 1001463245021.704049292240.734706
.205 3 AVENUE, NEW YORK, 100038991011.660051960140.735633
.46 BANK STREET, NEW YORK, 100146149022.688262465240.736446
.338 WEST 12 STREET, NEW YORK, 1001464051027.044497866640.737259
.239 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, 10003875304.445119160440.737698
.212 EAST 26 STREET, NEW YORK, 100109064803.155866546440.740039
.270 WEST 17 STREET, NEW YORK, 10011766750208.204733192540.740819
.333 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, 100108809206.602847393940.740884
.60 LEXINGTON AVENUE, NEW YORK, 10010881606.944401636640.741551
.330 WEST 18 STREET, NEW YORK, 100117411005.990593631840.742624
.333 WEST 20 STREET, NEW YORK, 100117442006.694730201840.74438
.205 EAST 33 STREET, NEW YORK, 10016914606.069997390740.745014
.255 WEST 23 STREET, NEW YORK, 100117731201.883418105840.745046
.202 9 AVENUE, NEW YORK, 10011746307.011846462340.745599
.226 WEST 26 STREET, NEW YORK, 100017755804.20967444540.746867
.401 WEST 25 STREET, NEW YORK, 1000172315012.906761553140.748671
.304 EAST 42 STREET, NEW YORK, 100171334506.007519607240.749143
.303 EAST 42 STREET, NEW YORK, 100171335507.857653518140.749809
.517 WEST 28 STREET, NEW YORK, 1000170018010.069813516940.751744
.261 11 AVENUE, NEW YORK, 100016731040.836011212940.752231
.305 EAST 47 STREET, NEW YORK, 100171340750205.314545484440.752898
.5 EAST 42 STREET, NEW YORK, 100171277806.274772516640.753515
.420 EAST 51 STREET, NEW YORK, 1002213624103.54974202740.753922
.521 5 AVENUE, NEW YORK, 100171278103.834772251440.754166
.WEST 30 STREET, Manhattan, 100016763017.979514704940.754751
.440 10 AVENUE, NEW YORK, 100017327304.089678314540.754799
.875 3 AVENUE, NEW YORK, 100221326107.78073231540.756912
.207 WEST 42 STREET, NEW YORK, 1003610142503.379793212440.756977
.165 WEST 47 STREET, NEW YORK, 100361000103.225323325640.759123
.576 10 AVENUE, NEW YORK, 100361052102.697094930440.759383
.611 9 AVENUE, NEW YORK, 1003610533102.858822835740.760001
.150 WEST 51 STREET, NEW YORK, 100191003750102.895822154440.760391
.687 9 AVENUE, NEW YORK, 1003610573103.237288737940.762552
.28 WEST 56 STREET, NEW YORK, 10019127115405.415834273840.762617
.703 9 AVENUE, NEW YORK, 1001910583003.733035728140.763137
.38 WEST 57 STREET, NEW YORK, 1001912726305.373942642440.763316
.1697 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, 1001910254304.127488663140.763983
.705 10 AVENUE, NEW YORK, 100191077290-1.188850418540.764356
.767 9 AVENUE, NEW YORK, 1001910613202.3793669240.765088
.789 9 AVENUE, NEW YORK, 1001910623301.28265436640.765689
downtown
40.705433
40.705782
40.706043
40.706376
40.706482
40.70662
40.706734
40.706824
40.70723
40.707246
40.707246
40.707612
40.707677
40.707702
40.707832
40.707832
40.708035
40.708198
40.708454
40.708621
40.70884
40.708987
40.709036
40.70906
40.710077
40.710077
40.710077
40.710134
40.710809
40.710821
40.711093
40.711362
40.71137
40.711475
40.712301
40.712638
40.713021
40.713151
40.716452
Latitude
bedrock
LatitudeMaxStoriesAavgDepthRel. HeightRel DepthAvg. Relative Building HeightAvg. Relative Bedrock Depth
40.70508367.14915719340.0755-0.1730
40.7054332210.41851432830.3774-0.2408Avg Lat0.3396-0.2182
40.7057823210.41725952340.5660-0.240840.70574340.4340-0.2697
40.7060432114.59423916090.3585-0.327440.70602320.4528-0.3076
40.7063762515.90679628220.4340-0.354740.70626060.4088-0.3468
40.7064822516.07948190540.4340-0.358240.7064510.4403-0.3379
40.706622613.30854615240.4528-0.300840.70660720.4465-0.3340
40.7067342615.35020248120.4528-0.343140.70673080.4340-0.3590
40.7068242319.68909078270.3962-0.433140.70688040.3082-0.4157
40.706994621.50281766110.0755-0.470740.70700560.2956-0.4457
40.707232419.69531683890.4151-0.433340.7071080.2956-0.4378
40.7072462318.55241783080.3962-0.409540.70723320.4025-0.4174
40.7072462318.55241783080.3962-0.409540.70735680.3019-0.4066
40.70745818.12638816510.1132-0.400740.70744620.2893-0.4174
40.7076122120.10756044530.3585-0.441840.70753740.2704-0.3928
40.7076772015.00755742690.3396-0.336040.70765460.4654-0.4206
40.7077023922.13851271970.6981-0.483940.7077310.5786-0.4359
40.7078323922.32997046810.6981-0.487940.70781560.6981-0.4866
40.7078323922.32997046810.6981-0.487940.70791980.6981-0.4985
40.7080353923.86132253040.6981-0.519740.70802380.5975-0.4456
40.7081982314.67342317140.3962-0.329140.70814820.3836-0.4818
40.708222527.56930385790.0566-0.596640.7083060.3774-0.4827
40.7084543823.99920.6792-0.522540.7084670.3648-0.5196
40.7086212120.00539970350.3585-0.439740.70862480.4591-0.4953
40.708842024.04918831890.3396-0.523640.70878760.4151-0.5092
40.7089873126.01328704430.5472-0.564340.70890880.4088-0.5371
40.7090362024.04654617370.3396-0.523540.70920.4151-0.4896
40.709062117.17263647980.3585-0.380940.70944740.4780-0.4826
40.7100774125.00046918460.7358-0.543340.70966540.6101-0.4892
40.7100774125.00046918460.7358-0.543340.7098850.7358-0.5328
40.7100774123.47646613660.7358-0.511740.71023480.6541-0.4760
40.7101342816.78533074540.4906-0.372940.71038360.5346-0.4822
40.7108092225.897495890.3774-0.561940.71058680.4528-0.5161
40.7108212828.390.4906-0.613640.7108210.4340-0.5936
40.7110932527.98618186640.4340-0.605240.71106660.3585-0.6073
40.7112481027.8758873260.1509-0.603040.71117880.3208-0.5940
40.7113622226.47376974110.3774-0.573940.71130960.3648-0.6067
40.711373229.81469872230.5660-0.643240.71149180.4277-0.6839
40.7114752039.05055778810.3396-0.834840.71170240.3270-0.7569
40.712004637.01818325250.0755-0.792640.71195760.2642-0.8494
40.7123012243.20240.3774-0.920940.71228780.4843-0.8141
40.7126385533.93536562891.0000-0.728740.7126230.6918-0.8648
40.7130213944.35620.6981-0.944940.71299380.6415-0.7871
40.7131511431.96704409970.2264-0.687840.71348580.3333-0.7423
40.713858627.45217109760.0755-0.594240.7139690.1258-0.6749
40.714761634.61039861790.0755-0.742740.71441780.0755-0.7779
40.715054646.8659540840.0755-0.996940.71498040.0818-0.9132
40.715265747.01442886690.0943-1.000040.71546180.0692-0.9861
40.715964445.14936828690.0377-0.961340.71580.0692-0.9474
40.716265641.27154390470.0755-0.880940.71610080.1006-0.8409
40.7164521231.60876961420.1887-0.680440.71638540.1195-0.7133
40.716558726.70286431010.0943-0.578640.716540.1572-0.6678
40.7166881234.68782590590.1887-0.744340.7167450.1195-0.7690
40.716737646.25359377620.0755-0.984240.71694180.1132-0.8416
40.71729637.19118239140.0755-0.796240.71721660.0818-0.7553
40.717436722.20855321580.0943-0.485440.71748980.0881-0.6553
40.717932731.79776483460.0943-0.684340.71780540.0943-0.5489
40.718054721.80584279890.0943-0.477040.7180590.0881-0.6909
40.718315642.74240886630.0755-0.911440.71829980.0881-0.7228
40.718558736.40455633090.0943-0.779940.71849020.1132-0.8034
40.718641133.46641691140.1698-0.718940.71869040.1132-0.7609
40.718884636.60058367070.0755-0.784040.71898140.1321-0.6971
40.7190551027.17929804580.1509-0.588540.71923520.1258-0.6544
40.719771027.28375113260.1509-0.590740.719580.1321-0.5710
40.719827724.54120373480.0943-0.533840.71997840.1132-0.5895
40.720364729.85894817760.0943-0.644140.72051820.0881-0.6008
40.720876628.91535002330.0755-0.624540.7209980.1006-0.6362
40.721754929.6671176330.1321-0.640140.72147940.1006-0.5854
40.722169722.49894267360.0943-0.491440.72198340.1069-0.5540
40.722234724.38331545350.0943-0.530540.72242080.0881-0.5055
40.722884622.64911737310.0755-0.494540.72270860.0818-0.5152
40.723063623.90890367180.0755-0.520740.7229330.0503-0.5366
40.723193227.47068512260.0000-0.594640.7233460.0629-0.5487
40.723291824.39974729940.1132-0.530840.72378520.0566-0.5548
40.724299524.79879966790.0566-0.539140.72423740.0818-0.5360
40.72508624.75180355120.0755-0.538240.72466360.0755-0.5352
40.725324724.28357186010.0943-0.528440.7251190.0818-0.5386
40.725324625.27800676420.0755-0.549140.72544760.0881-0.6042
40.725568734.24444298970.0943-0.735140.72569140.0692-0.6377
40.725942429.13345718110.0377-0.629140.7259710.0755-0.6461
40.726299726.48905473030.0943-0.574240.72628320.0692-0.5180
40.726722615.7143183520.0755-0.350740.72656940.0818-0.4412
40.726885618.03690631890.0755-0.398840.72690760.0755-0.4321
40.726999625.16745530160.0755-0.546840.72721660.1132-0.4571
40.7276331219.3302880290.1887-0.425740.727620.1132-0.5026
40.727844624.61198031890.0755-0.535340.72828340.1195-0.3745
40.72873976.65429462220.0943-0.162740.72903140.0881-0.3565
40.730202716.71791822280.0943-0.371540.72987360.1069-0.3377
40.730739921.89910701060.1321-0.479040.73069320.1069-0.3631
40.731844710.32256822780.0943-0.238840.73139880.0943-0.3707
40.731942517.82336384440.0566-0.394440.7318150.0881-0.3160
40.732267813.98802856540.1132-0.314940.73223120.0943-0.3512
40.732283815.40923678910.1132-0.344340.73246860.1447-0.2904
40.73282139.03475417710.2075-0.212140.7327450.1321-0.2926
40.733031614.30631265670.0755-0.321540.73295960.1258-0.2610
40.733324710.83690371910.0943-0.249540.7332360.0818-0.2294
40.7333464.46952133720.0755-0.117440.73361320.0881-0.3605
40.733665733.26302733070.0943-0.714740.73413360.1069-0.4357
40.7347061021.70404929220.1509-0.474940.7347580.1069-0.4854
40.735633611.66005196010.0755-0.266640.73544580.1006-0.4123
40.736446622.68826246520.0755-0.495340.73611240.1635-0.2977
40.736779205.13750368190.3396-0.131240.73661320.2516-0.2512
40.736998204.93752008510.3396-0.127140.73693840.3333-0.1237
40.73721194.25254574750.3208-0.112940.73710420.2516-0.2752
40.737259727.04449786660.0943-0.585740.7372880.2516-0.2767
40.737275205.15140177610.3396-0.131540.73760020.2075-0.2780
40.737698124.44511916040.1887-0.116940.73804560.2893-0.1368
40.738559206.61704144080.3396-0.161940.73860160.2893-0.1404
40.739437205.67290498130.3396-0.142440.73925520.2516-0.1315
40.74003963.15586654640.0755-0.090140.73987940.2516-0.1513
40.740543209.48154615880.3396-0.221440.74034440.2013-0.1688
40.740819128.20473319250.1887-0.194940.74066960.2390-0.1926
40.740884126.60284739390.1887-0.161640.74089220.4277-0.2010
40.7410635010.68776268290.9057-0.246440.74109380.4843-0.1916
40.741152216.85500786950.3585-0.166940.74137180.4843-0.1940
40.741551126.94440163660.1887-0.168740.74171980.2956-0.1665
40.742209206.71754793530.3396-0.164040.74206780.2013-0.1606
40.74262465.99059363180.0755-0.148940.74245320.2579-0.1406
40.742803214.0560.3585-0.108840.7428320.2516-0.1341
40.743079195.77488906930.3208-0.144540.7430970.3459-0.1403
40.743445216.89769967630.3585-0.167840.74329040.3459-0.1605
40.743534216.9734214170.3585-0.169340.74350160.3522-0.1784
40.743591208.35461535250.3396-0.198040.74373740.3522-0.1823
40.743859217.46405442790.3585-0.179540.74392440.3522-0.1862
40.744258217.54645951820.3585-0.181240.74422040.2579-0.1748
40.7443856.69473020180.0566-0.163540.74450980.1635-0.1651
40.74501466.06999739070.0755-0.150640.74474720.1572-0.1527
40.745038205.75616347570.3396-0.144140.74501540.1761-0.1195
40.74504681.88341810580.1132-0.063740.74546720.1698-0.1260
40.74559957.01184646230.0566-0.170140.74583780.1698-0.1632
40.7466392011.14127461230.3396-0.255840.74656440.1950-0.1793
40.746867124.2096744450.1887-0.112040.74738380.2264-0.2201
40.7486711012.90676155310.1509-0.292440.7481430.1321-0.1846
40.74914356.00751960720.0566-0.149340.7487770.2138-0.1940
40.749395255.58032263720.4340-0.140440.74975240.1824-0.1591
40.74980957.85765351810.0566-0.187740.75044340.1824-0.1872
40.751744510.06981351690.0566-0.233640.7510610.1572-0.1849
40.752126215.24891217180.3585-0.133640.7516640.1824-0.4130
40.752231940.83601121290.1321-0.871840.75224920.2830-0.3935
40.75241217.25638294920.3585-0.175240.752480.2830-0.4180
40.752735218.79361328070.3585-0.207140.75275780.2642-0.1724
40.75289865.31454548440.0755-0.134940.7530570.2264-0.1656
40.753515156.27477251660.2453-0.154840.75333340.2579-0.1421
40.753727265.39605764150.4528-0.136640.75357080.3774-0.1433
40.753792255.48918717710.4340-0.138540.7538130.3208-0.1245
40.75392263.5497420270.0755-0.098340.75394320.2893-0.1261
40.754109215.62937597030.3585-0.141440.75406660.3082-0.1147
40.754166283.83477225140.4906-0.104240.754190.4025-0.1307
40.754344215.8760.3585-0.146640.75433620.4088-0.1308
40.754409225.63589437910.3774-0.141640.75446460.3459-0.1304
40.754653183.78183215170.3019-0.103140.75459120.2453-0.2141
40.754751517.97951470490.0566-0.397740.75497160.1447-0.2034
40.75479964.08967831450.0755-0.109540.7553390.1824-0.1855
40.756246241.18968563020.4151-0.049340.75567380.3019-0.0848
40.756246243.42163555140.4151-0.095640.7561060.3711-0.0957
40.756327175.65731599080.2830-0.142040.75654160.2516-0.1413
40.75691257.7807323150.0566-0.186140.75680340.1384-0.1410
40.75697763.37979321240.0755-0.094840.75737880.1447-0.1244
40.757555183.25613946770.3019-0.092240.757990.1887-0.0929
40.759123123.22532332560.1887-0.091640.75860780.2013-0.0881
40.75938382.69709493040.1132-0.080640.75929060.1258-0.0854
40.76000162.85882283570.0755-0.084040.76004620.0755-0.0831
40.76039142.89582215440.0377-0.084740.7607320.1384-0.0946
40.761333184.35304844040.3019-0.115040.76137880.1321-0.0972
40.76255253.23728873790.0566-0.091840.7620060.1635-0.1146
40.76261795.41583427380.1321-0.137040.7625910.0818-0.1103
40.76313753.73303572810.0566-0.102140.7631210.1447-0.1251
40.763316155.37394264240.2453-0.136140.76348180.1698-0.1162
40.763983134.12748866310.2075-0.110340.7639760.1824-0.0821
40.7643567-1.18885041850.09430.000040.76448640.1195-0.0614
40.76508852.379366920.0566-0.074040.76519340.0692-0.0418
40.76568951.2826543660.0566-0.0513
40.766851204.23253511350.3396-0.1125
bedrock
Latitude (Degrees)
=>=>=North=>=>
Avg. Relative Building Height
Avg. Relative Bedrock Depth
Sheet3
The Great Leap: Location of Skyscrapers over Time
Population Movement: Manhattan Residents above 40th Street
Demographic Locations, 1890
Chart2
15.232050773540.3411344704-18.55241783
15.232050773540.3411344704-23.86132253
17.115177610347.2551130248-27.98618187
17.115177610347.2551130248-29.81469872
15.232050773540.3411344704-22.32997047
40.975945017239.1065292096-4.35304844
34.371055952930.795119899-1.18968563
15.232050773540.3411344704-13.30854615
8.402017468348.1732070365-16.78533075
8.402017468348.1732070365-14.67342317
40.975945017239.1065292096-5.248912172
19.601593625543.8247011952-25.00046918
19.601593625543.8247011952-25.00046918
24.664081522240.9775453152-5.151401776
15.232050773540.3411344704-18.55241783
50.626423690237.0017084282-10.68776268
17.115177610347.2551130248-26.01328704
8.402017468348.1732070365-10.41725952
34.371055952930.795119899-3.421635551
45.753072830737.4426710695-5.580322637
15.232050773540.3411344704-19.69531684
15.232050773540.3411344704-22.32997047
20.144824311539.7732668566-6.617041441
34.371055952930.795119899-5.635894379
40.975945017239.1065292096-5.396057641
19.920792079234.8118811881-5.489187177
19.601593625543.8247011952-33.93536563
19.601593625543.8247011952-31.9670441
17.115177610347.2551130248-39.05055779
8.402017468348.1732070365-10.41851433
15.232050773540.3411344704-19.68909078
15.232050773540.3411344704-22.13851272
15.232050773540.3411344704-24.04918832
8.402017468348.1732070365-20.10756045
19.601593625543.8247011952-23.47646614
8.993357179449.6167603475-31.60876961
15.232050773540.3411344704-15.90679628
15.232050773540.3411344704-14.59423916
50.626423690237.0017084282-6.85500787
15.232050773540.3411344704-15.35020248
40.975945017239.1065292096-5.657315991
8.402017468348.1732070365-20.0053997
15.232050773540.3411344704-16.07948191
17.115177610347.2551130248-24.04654617
8.402017468348.1732070365-17.17263648
17.115177610347.2551130248-15.00755743
19.601593625543.8247011952-26.47376974
19.601593625543.8247011952-25.89749589
45.753072830737.4426710695-11.14127461
45.967264839338.1384342339-7.464054428
42.908902691538.6128364389-4.252545747
20.144824311539.7732668566-9.481546159
24.664081522240.9775453152-5.137503682
45.967264839338.1384342339-6.973421417
45.967264839338.1384342339-6.897699676
40.975945017239.1065292096-3.781832152
36.09305160533.6042259244-4.232535113
45.967264839338.1384342339-7.546459518
50.626423690237.0017084282-8.354615352
50.626423690237.0017084282-5.672904981
50.626423690237.0017084282-6.717547935
50.626423690237.0017084282-5.774889069
34.371055952930.795119899-3.256139468
40.975945017239.1065292096-8.793613281
24.664081522240.9775453152-4.937520085
45.967264839338.1384342339-5.756163476
39.93088281540.4963870562-7.256382949
40.975945017239.1065292096-5.62937597
15.232050773540.3411344704-7.149157193
17.115177610347.2551130248-18.12638817
17.115177610347.2551130248-21.50281766
17.115177610347.2551130248-27.87588733
12.153696227243.7700125296-27.56930386
19.601593625543.8247011952-34.61039862
11.685524775744.0304330862-41.2715439
11.685524775744.0304330862-34.68782591
11.685524775744.0304330862-27.17929805
11.685524775744.0304330862-27.28375113
11.685524775744.0304330862-24.54120373
3.359385712360.0370218017-45.14936829
5.772791634956.889227753-31.79776483
5.772791634956.889227753-33.46641691
11.764705882443.9729990357-29.66711763
11.685524775744.0304330862-24.38331545
10.2934272348.603286385-22.49894267
10.2934272348.603286385-28.91535002
7.159096917558.219214297-36.40455633
12.837127845942.0928196147-27.4521711
6.38676392149.8932574275-37.01818325
3.950983227362.5578368999-46.86595408
3.950983227362.5578368999-47.01442887
3.950983227362.5578368999-46.25359378
12.886937431443.4961580681-22.20855322
3.950983227362.5578368999-21.8058428
3.950983227362.5578368999-26.70286431
3.950983227362.5578368999-37.19118239
5.302325581456.292358804-29.85894818
12.089455488340.7357389801-27.47068512
12.089455488340.7357389801-29.13345718
7.793783169147.1215567349-34.24444299
5.302325581456.292358804-22.64911737
4.795986128561.9567623404-42.74240887
4.795986128561.9567623404-36.60058367
8.696141298252.9868376645-23.90890367
5.405405405449.1342406236-26.48905473
10.24464831848.1651376147-15.71431835
8.696141298252.9868376645-24.79879967
8.696141298252.9868376645-24.75180355
10.24464831848.1651376147-18.03690632
10.24464831848.1651376147-6.654294622
16.799123047442.9980816662-10.32256823
10.2934272348.603286385-24.3997473
10.2934272348.603286385-24.28357186
21.467136150260.7511737089-25.27800676
12.346189639142.6119325819-19.33028803
12.346189639142.6119325819-16.71791822
36.887445276135.2351362802-13.98802857
16.799123047442.9980816662-4.469521337
36.887445276135.2351362802-9.034754177
45.083659665444.9768600926-17.82336384
45.083659665444.9768600926-14.30631266
45.083659665444.9768600926-15.40923679
17.816409124438.8245033113-25.1674553
17.816409124438.8245033113-24.61198032
30.447630513332.0017511218-21.89910701
37.985048059822.0078319687-22.68826247
30.447630513332.0017511218-21.70404929
30.447630513332.0017511218-33.26302733
26.086088085532.75741536-27.04449787
13.952530080840.1928465469-40.83601121
18.053948730435.7182000852-17.9795147
13.952530080840.1928465469-10.06981352
28.504536142835.601404741-12.90676155
15.986309374738.7678437265-4.089678315
25.015065686434.7233939978-5.990593632
27.867833945233.7757695566-6.694730202
27.867833945233.7757695566-7.011846462
25.015065686434.7233939978-8.204733192
27.867833945233.7757695566-1.883418106
27.867833945233.7757695566-4.209674445
24.664081522240.9775453152-4.44511916
20.144824311539.7732668566-6.602847394
20.144824311539.7732668566-6.944401637
24.664081522240.9775453152-11.66005196
20.144824311539.7732668566-3.155866546
24.141267537539.6710208031-6.069997391
24.664081522240.9775453152-10.83690372
34.371055952930.795119899-3.225323326
36.09305160533.6042259244-2.895822154
34.371055952930.795119899-3.379793212
32.425718926128.7665997898-4.127488663
19.774390066263.7566677354-2.69709493
19.774390066263.7566677354-2.858822836
19.774390066263.7566677354-3.237288738
19.774390066263.7566677354-3.733035728
24.131290295636.305785816-2.37936692
24.131290295636.305785816-1.282654366
15.60701319437.85088107681.188850418
41.452677916438.1071166544-5.415834274
41.452677916438.1071166544-5.373942642
40.975945017239.1065292096-6.274772517
40.975945017239.1065292096-3.834772251
16.496885732640.7357820595-7.780732315
8.771704180143.5884244373-6.007519607
8.771704180143.5884244373-7.857653518
8.771704180143.5884244373-5.314545484
10.20974084944.5195119492-3.549742027
19.601593625543.8247011952-28.39
15.232050773540.3411344704-23.9992
12.153696227243.7700125296-44.3562
12.153696227243.7700125296-43.2024
45.967264839338.1384342339-4.056
40.975945017239.1065292096-5.876
% White with two native parents
% Foreign
Bedrock depth
demographics
idLatitudeSD_pctBlack% White with two native parents% ForeignavgDepthBedrock depthSD_pctWhiteNativeParents
140.7072464.363347877815.232050773540.341118.55241783-18.5524178315.2320507735
240.7080354.363347877815.232050773540.341123.86132253-23.8613225315.2320507735
340.7110932.47578040917.115177610347.255127.98618187-27.9861818717.1151776103
440.711372.47578040917.115177610347.255129.81469872-29.8146987217.1151776103
540.7078324.363347877815.232050773540.341122.32997047-22.3299704715.2320507735
640.7613333.422680412440.975945017239.10654.35304844-4.3530484440.9759450172
740.75624610.854017669334.371055952930.79511.18968563-1.1896856334.3710559529
840.706624.363347877815.232050773540.341113.30854615-13.3085461515.2320507735
940.7101340.29523926688.402017468348.173216.78533075-16.785330758.4020174683
1040.7081980.29523926688.402017468348.173214.67342317-14.673423178.4020174683
1140.7521263.422680412440.975945017239.10655.248912172-5.24891217240.9759450172
1240.7100770.79681274919.601593625543.824725.00046918-25.0004691819.6015936255
1340.7100770.79681274919.601593625543.824725.00046918-25.0004691819.6015936255
1440.7372751.055099648324.664081522240.97755.151401776-5.15140177624.6640815222
1540.7072464.363347877815.232050773540.341118.55241783-18.5524178315.2320507735
1640.7410632.918564920350.626423690237.001710.68776268-10.6877626850.6264236902
1740.7089872.47578040917.115177610347.255126.01328704-26.0132870417.1151776103
1840.7057820.29523926688.402017468348.173210.41725952-10.417259528.4020174683
1940.75624610.854017669334.371055952930.79513.421635551-3.42163555134.3710559529
2040.7493952.715098147145.753072830737.44275.580322637-5.58032263745.7530728307
2140.707234.363347877815.232050773540.341119.69531684-19.6953168415.2320507735
2240.7078324.363347877815.232050773540.341122.32997047-22.3299704715.2320507735
2340.7385590.397673314320.144824311539.77336.617041441-6.61704144120.1448243115
2440.75440910.854017669334.371055952930.79515.635894379-5.63589437934.3710559529
2540.7537273.422680412440.975945017239.10655.396057641-5.39605764140.9759450172
2640.7537928.324752475219.920792079234.81195.489187177-5.48918717719.9207920792
2740.7126380.79681274919.601593625543.824733.93536563-33.9353656319.6015936255
2840.7131510.79681274919.601593625543.824731.9670441-31.967044119.6015936255
2940.7114752.47578040917.115177610347.255139.05055779-39.0505577917.1151776103
3040.7054330.29523926688.402017468348.173210.41851433-10.418514338.4020174683
3140.7068244.363347877815.232050773540.341119.68909078-19.6890907815.2320507735
3240.7077024.363347877815.232050773540.341122.13851272-22.1385127215.2320507735
3340.708844.363347877815.232050773540.341124.04918832-24.0491883215.2320507735
3440.7076120.29523926688.402017468348.173220.10756045-20.107560458.4020174683
3540.7100770.79681274919.601593625543.824723.47646614-23.4764661419.6015936255
3640.7164520.86867654578.993357179449.616831.60876961-31.608769618.9933571794
3740.7063764.363347877815.232050773540.341115.90679628-15.9067962815.2320507735
3840.7060434.363347877815.232050773540.341114.59423916-14.5942391615.2320507735
3940.7411522.918564920350.626423690237.00176.85500787-6.8550078750.6264236902
4040.7067344.363347877815.232050773540.341115.35020248-15.3502024815.2320507735
4140.7563273.422680412440.975945017239.10655.657315991-5.65731599140.9759450172
4240.7086210.29523926688.402017468348.173220.0053997-20.00539978.4020174683
4340.7064824.363347877815.232050773540.341116.07948191-16.0794819115.2320507735
4440.7090362.47578040917.115177610347.255124.04654617-24.0465461717.1151776103
4540.709060.29523926688.402017468348.173217.17263648-17.172636488.4020174683
4640.7076772.47578040917.115177610347.255115.00755743-15.0075574317.1151776103
4740.7113620.79681274919.601593625543.824726.47376974-26.4737697419.6015936255
4840.7108090.79681274919.601593625543.824725.89749589-25.8974958919.6015936255
4940.7466392.715098147145.753072830737.442711.14127461-11.1412746145.7530728307
5040.7438592.800236639745.967264839338.13847.464054428-7.46405442845.9672648393
5140.737212.355072463842.908902691538.61284.252545747-4.25254574742.9089026915
5240.7405430.397673314320.144824311539.77339.481546159-9.48154615920.1448243115
5340.7367791.055099648324.664081522240.97755.137503682-5.13750368224.6640815222
5440.7435342.800236639745.967264839338.13846.973421417-6.97342141745.9672648393
5540.7434452.800236639745.967264839338.13846.897699676-6.89769967645.9672648393
5640.7546533.422680412440.975945017239.10653.781832152-3.78183215240.9759450172
5740.7668514.733848029336.09305160533.60424.232535113-4.23253511336.093051605
5840.7442582.800236639745.967264839338.13847.546459518-7.54645951845.9672648393
5940.7435912.918564920350.626423690237.00178.354615352-8.35461535250.6264236902
6040.7394372.918564920350.626423690237.00175.672904981-5.67290498150.6264236902
6140.7422092.918564920350.626423690237.00176.717547935-6.71754793550.6264236902
6240.7430792.918564920350.626423690237.00175.774889069-5.77488906950.6264236902
6340.75755510.854017669334.371055952930.79513.256139468-3.25613946834.3710559529
6440.7527353.422680412440.975945017239.10658.793613281-8.79361328140.9759450172
6540.7369981.055099648324.664081522240.97754.937520085-4.93752008524.6640815222
6640.7450382.800236639745.967264839338.13845.756163476-5.75616347645.9672648393
6740.752413.455859252339.93088281540.49647.256382949-7.25638294939.930882815
6840.7541093.422680412440.975945017239.10655.62937597-5.6293759740.9759450172
6940.7050834.363347877815.232050773540.34117.149157193-7.14915719315.2320507735
7040.707452.47578040917.115177610347.255118.12638817-18.1263881717.1151776103
7140.7069942.47578040917.115177610347.255121.50281766-21.5028176617.1151776103
7240.7112482.47578040917.115177610347.255127.87588733-27.8758873317.1151776103
7340.7082220.654322706412.153696227243.770027.56930386-27.5693038612.1536962272
7440.7147610.79681274919.601593625543.824734.61039862-34.6103986219.6015936255
7540.7162651.287553648111.685524775744.030441.2715439-41.271543911.6855247757
7640.7166881.287553648111.685524775744.030434.68782591-34.6878259111.6855247757
7740.7190551.287553648111.685524775744.030427.17929805-27.1792980511.6855247757
7840.719771.287553648111.685524775744.030427.28375113-27.2837511311.6855247757
7940.7198271.287553648111.685524775744.030424.54120373-24.5412037311.6855247757
8040.7159642.61209378863.359385712360.037045.14936829-45.149368293.3593857123
8140.7179320.78422829765.772791634956.889231.79776483-31.797764835.7727916349
8240.718640.78422829765.772791634956.889233.46641691-33.466416915.7727916349
8340.7217540.206640033111.764705882443.973029.66711763-29.6671176311.7647058824
8440.7222341.287553648111.685524775744.030424.38331545-24.3833154511.6855247757
8540.7221694.354460093910.2934272348.603322.49894267-22.4989426710.29342723
8640.7208764.354460093910.2934272348.603328.91535002-28.9153500210.29342723
8740.7185580.51287474227.159096917558.219236.40455633-36.404556337.1590969175
8840.7138580.026269702312.837127845942.092827.4521711-27.452171112.8371278459
8940.7120040.20903753786.38676392149.893337.01818325-37.018183256.386763921
9040.7150540.17712550613.950983227362.557846.86595408-46.865954083.9509832273
9140.7152650.17712550613.950983227362.557847.01442887-47.014428873.9509832273
9240.7167370.17712550613.950983227362.557846.25359378-46.253593783.9509832273
9340.7174360.071350164712.886937431443.496222.20855322-22.2085532212.8869374314
9440.7180540.17712550613.950983227362.557821.8058428-21.80584283.9509832273
9540.7165580.17712550613.950983227362.557826.70286431-26.702864313.9509832273
9640.717290.17712550613.950983227362.557837.19118239-37.191182393.9509832273
9740.7203640.09302325585.302325581456.292429.85894818-29.858948185.3023255814
9840.7231930.048617113212.089455488340.735727.47068512-27.4706851212.0894554883
9940.7259420.048617113212.089455488340.735729.13345718-29.1334571812.0894554883
10040.7255680.0555976757.793783169147.121634.24444299-34.244442997.7937831691
10140.7228840.09302325585.302325581456.292422.64911737-22.649117375.3023255814
10240.7183150.40581421094.795986128561.956842.74240887-42.742408874.7959861285
10340.7188840.40581421094.795986128561.956836.60058367-36.600583674.7959861285
10440.7230630.29812127358.696141298252.986823.90890367-23.908903678.6961412982
10540.7262990.10861925765.405405405449.134226.48905473-26.489054735.4054054054
10640.7267220.195378865110.24464831848.165115.71431835-15.7143183510.244648318
10740.7242990.29812127358.696141298252.986824.79879967-24.798799678.6961412982
10840.725080.29812127358.696141298252.986824.75180355-24.751803558.6961412982
10940.7268850.195378865110.24464831848.165118.03690632-18.0369063210.244648318
11040.7287390.195378865110.24464831848.16516.654294622-6.65429462210.244648318
11140.7318440.840412898516.799123047442.998110.32256823-10.3225682316.7991230474
11240.7232914.354460093910.2934272348.603324.3997473-24.399747310.29342723
11340.7253244.354460093910.2934272348.603324.28357186-24.2835718610.29342723
11440.7253243.626760563421.467136150260.751225.27800676-25.2780067621.4671361502
11540.72763318.446903112412.346189639142.611919.33028803-19.3302880312.3461896391
11640.73020218.446903112412.346189639142.611916.71791822-16.7179182212.3461896391
11740.7322674.858070893936.887445276135.235113.98802857-13.9880285736.8874452761
11840.733340.840412898516.799123047442.99814.469521337-4.46952133716.7991230474
11940.732824.858070893936.887445276135.23519.034754177-9.03475417736.8874452761
12040.7319426.849412602345.083659665444.976917.82336384-17.8233638445.0836596654
12140.7330316.849412602345.083659665444.976914.30631266-14.3063126645.0836596654
12240.7322836.849412602345.083659665444.976915.40923679-15.4092367945.0836596654
12340.7269990.524282560717.816409124438.824525.1674553-25.167455317.8164091244
12440.7278440.524282560717.816409124438.824524.61198032-24.6119803217.8164091244
12540.7307390.186056692630.447630513332.001821.89910701-21.8991070130.4476305133
12640.7364461.24599501637.985048059822.007822.68826247-22.6882624737.9850480598
12740.7347060.186056692630.447630513332.001821.70404929-21.7040492930.4476305133
12840.7336650.186056692630.447630513332.001833.26302733-33.2630273330.4476305133
12940.7372590.838909417826.086088085532.757427.04449787-27.0444978726.0860880855
13040.7522310.708752266413.952530080840.192840.83601121-40.8360112113.9525300808
13140.75475113.584606953718.053948730435.718217.9795147-17.979514718.0539487304
13240.7517440.708752266413.952530080840.192810.06981352-10.0698135213.9525300808
13340.7486710.36581796928.504536142835.601412.90676155-12.9067615528.5045361428
13440.7547990.233742382515.986309374738.76784.089678315-4.08967831515.9863093747
13540.7426244.839098469325.015065686434.72345.990593632-5.99059363225.0150656864
13640.744388.003388873227.867833945233.77586.694730202-6.69473020227.8678339452
13740.7455998.003388873227.867833945233.77587.011846462-7.01184646227.8678339452
13840.7408194.839098469325.015065686434.72348.204733192-8.20473319225.0150656864
13940.7450468.003388873227.867833945233.77581.883418106-1.88341810627.8678339452
14040.7468678.003388873227.867833945233.77584.209674445-4.20967444527.8678339452
14140.7376981.055099648324.664081522240.97754.44511916-4.4451191624.6640815222
14240.7408840.397673314320.144824311539.77336.602847394-6.60284739420.1448243115
14340.7415510.397673314320.144824311539.77336.944401637-6.94440163720.1448243115
14440.7356331.055099648324.664081522240.977511.66005196-11.6600519624.6640815222
14540.7400390.397673314320.144824311539.77333.155866546-3.15586654620.1448243115
14640.7450140.774068698624.141267537539.67106.069997391-6.06999739124.1412675375
14740.7333241.055099648324.664081522240.977510.83690372-10.8369037224.6640815222
14840.75912310.854017669334.371055952930.79513.225323326-3.22532332634.3710559529
14940.7603914.733848029336.09305160533.60422.895822154-2.89582215436.093051605
15040.75697710.854017669334.371055952930.79513.379793212-3.37979321234.3710559529
15140.7639833.276965701732.425718926128.76664.127488663-4.12748866332.4257189261
15240.7593831.157198239419.774390066263.75672.69709493-2.6970949319.7743900662
15340.7600011.157198239419.774390066263.75672.858822836-2.85882283619.7743900662
15440.7625521.157198239419.774390066263.75673.237288738-3.23728873819.7743900662
15540.7631371.157198239419.774390066263.75673.733035728-3.73303572819.7743900662
15640.7650882.013731893224.131290295636.30582.37936692-2.3793669224.1312902956
15740.7656892.013731893224.131290295636.30581.282654366-1.28265436624.1312902956
15840.7643560.061985300615.60701319437.8509-1.1888504181.18885041815.607013194
15940.7626171.702127659641.452677916438.10715.415834274-5.41583427441.4526779164
16040.7633161.702127659641.452677916438.10715.373942642-5.37394264241.4526779164
16140.7535153.422680412440.975945017239.10656.274772517-6.27477251740.9759450172
16240.7541663.422680412440.975945017239.10653.834772251-3.83477225140.9759450172
16340.7569121.076896210516.496885732640.73587.780732315-7.78073231516.4968857326
16440.7491430.26366559498.771704180143.58846.007519607-6.0075196078.7717041801
16540.7498090.26366559498.771704180143.58847.857653518-7.8576535188.7717041801
16640.7528980.26366559498.771704180143.58845.314545484-5.3145454848.7717041801
16740.7539220.171422809310.20974084944.51953.549742027-3.54974202710.209740849
16840.7108210.79681274919.601593625543.824728.39-28.3919.6015936255
16940.7084544.363347877815.232050773540.341123.9992-23.999215.2320507735
17040.7130210.654322706412.153696227243.770044.3562-44.356212.1536962272
17140.7123010.654322706412.153696227243.770043.2024-43.202412.1536962272
17240.7428032.800236639745.967264839338.13844.056-4.05645.9672648393
17340.7543443.422680412440.975945017239.10655.876-5.87640.9759450172
demographics
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00
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00
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00
00
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00
00
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00
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00
00
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00
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00
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00
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00
00
00
00
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00
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00
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00
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00
00
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00
00
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00
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00
00
00
00
00
00
00
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00
00
00
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00
00
00
00
00
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00
00
00
% White with two native parents
% Foreign
downtown
00
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00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
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00
00
00
00
00
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00
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% White with two native parents
Bedrock depth
bedrock
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
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0
0
0
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0
0
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0
0
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0
0
0
0
0
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0
0
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0
0
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0
0
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0
0
0
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0
0
0
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0
0
0
0
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0
0
0
0
0
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0
0
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0
0
0
0
0
0
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0
0
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0
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0
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0
0
0
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0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
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0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
% White Native Parents vs Bedrock Depth
y=33.08-.66x, R2=0.359
Bedrock Depth
SD_pctWhiteNativeParents
predictions
000
000
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000
000
000
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000
000
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000
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000
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000
000
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000
000
000
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000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
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000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
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000
000
000
000
000
000
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000
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000
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000
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000
% White with two native parents
% Foreign
Bedrock depth
BuildingAddressYearSkyHeight_MSkyStoriesBlockLotskyscraperavgDepthLatitude
Bowling Green Building11 Broadway, 11 Greenwich Street18968323135110.418514328340.705433
Whitehall Building Annex17 Battery Place191112931157501110.417259523440.705782
Broad Exchange Building25 Broad Street, 44 Exchange Place190284202519114.594239160940.706043
Atlantic Mutual Building49-53 Wall Street190179.9182621115.906796282240.706376
37 Wall Street (The Trust Company of America)37 Wall Street190797252614116.079481905440.706482
60 Wall Street60-62 Wall Street to Pine Street190510726403113.308546152440.70662
Club Quarters Downtown Hotel52 William Street190381204016115.350202481240.706734
Commercial Cable Building20-22 Broad Street189782.3222350119.689090782740.706824
Fire Companies Building80 Maiden Lane191296264231119.695316838940.70723
Manhattan Life Insurance Building64-70 Broadway189410618237118.552417830840.707246
Knickerbocker Trust Building60 Broadway190911627237118.552417830840.707246
Empire Building71 Broadway189889.321216120.107560445340.707612
German-American Insurance Building68-76 Maiden Lane190885.62166115.007557426940.707677
Gillender BuildingWall Street at Nassau Street, NW Corner18978319469122.138512719740.707702
Hanover National Bank BuildingNassau at Pine Street, SW corner190311722469122.329970468140.707832
Bankers Trust Company Building14 Wall Street191216437469122.329970468140.707832
Bank of Tokyo (American Surety Company)100 Broadway189610326463123.861322530440.708035
U. S. Express Company Building2 Rector Street190710426511114.673423171440.708198
Equitable Building120 Broadway19151644047123.999240.708454
One Trinity Centre (Trinity Building)111 Broadway19058621492120.005399703540.708621
National Bank of Commerce31 Nassau Street189782.319481124.049188318940.70884
Liberty Tower55 Liberty Street191011733648126.013287044340.708987
Goldsmiths' & Silversmiths' Building15 Maiden Lane19078120657124.046546173740.709036
United States Realty Building115 Broadway19078621501117.172636479840.70906
City Investing Building165 Broadway190814833627501125.000469184640.710077
Singer Building149 Broadway190818747627501125.000469184640.710077
Washington Life Building141-145 Broadway189884.718627501123.476466136640.710077
90 West Street90 West Street19079923564116.785330745440.710134
Hudson Terminal Building South50 Church Street19088422611125.8974958940.710809
AT&T Building195 Broadway19141292980128.3940.710821
St. Paul Building (Ivins Syndicate Building)Broadway and Ann Str., SE corner189896268912127.986181866440.711093
Hudson Terminal Building North30 Church Street19088422811126.473769741140.711362
Park Row Building13-21 Park Row189911930907501129.814698722340.71137
Park Place Tower (American Tract Society)150 Nassau Street189589231003139.050557788140.711475
World BuildingPark Row & Franklin18909420121143.202440.712301
Woolworth Building233 Broadway Avenue1913241571231001133.935365628940.712638
Municipal Building1 Centre St191417741121144.356240.713021
Home Life Insurance Building256-257 Broadway189485161347501131.967044099740.713151
New York Life Insurance Building346 Broadway189982121706131.608769614240.716452
W New York - Union Square (Guardian Life Building/Germania)50 Union Square East, 201 Park Avenue19118621873115.137503681940.736779
215 Park Avenue South215 Park Avenue South191480208731314.937520085140.736998
102 Fifth Avenue102 Fifth Avenue191183198174414.252545747540.73721
American Woolen Company Building111 East 18th Street19099119874115.151401776140.737275
Gramercy Park Building257 Park Avenue South at 21 Street19139120876616.617041440840.738559
902 Broadway902 Broadway191380208491615.672904981340.739437
Remington Rand Building315 Park Avenue South, 100 East 24 Street191181208798119.481546158840.740543
Metropolitan Life Insurance Company Tower1 Madison Avenue1909213508537501110.687762682940.741063
Flatiron Building175 5th Avenue and Broadway190286.922851116.855007869540.741152
Hess Building360 Park Avenue South191390218552416.717547935340.742209
Second Madison Square Garden26th & Madison Ave1891981485614.05640.742803
Masonic Hall Building Addition73 West 23 Street19138919825115.774889069340.743079
Madison Square Building15 East 26 Street, 10 East 27 Street191283208561116.897699676340.743445
11 East 26th Street1-13 East 26 Street, 6-8 East 27 Street19128421856916.97342141740.743534
212 Fifth Avenue212 5 Avenue191380208274418.354615352540.743591
Croisic Building220 Fifth Avenue191082208283517.464054427940.743859
Victoria Building230 5 Avenue191280208284117.546459518240.744258
105 Madison Avenue/Kaye Building105 Madison Avenue191591218596415.756163475740.745038
303 Fifth Avenue303 Fifth Avenue190982208611111.141274612340.746639
Herald Towers Apartments (McAlpin Hotel)1300 Broadway19129425835115.580322637240.749395
Belmont Hotel120 Park Avenue1908942212763315.248912171840.752126
Everett Building8 West 40 Street191583208415417.256382949240.75241
Union Carbide & Carbon Building310 Madison Avenue, 28 East 41 Street191387.82312765818.793613280740.752735
Bank of America Building (Biltmore Hotel)335 Madison Avenue1913932812782015.396057641540.753727
World's Tower Building110 West 40 Street1913102308153915.489187177140.753792
Yale Club50 Vanderbuilt Avenue1915802012792815.629375970340.754109
Vanderbilt Concourse Building40 EAST 45 STREET/52 Vanderbilt Ave191586201279115.87640.754344
Lewisohn Building119 West 40 Street191399229932215.635894379140.754409
State University College of Optometry (Aeolian Hall Building)33 West 42 Street1912801712581813.781832151740.754653
One Times Square1475 Broadway, Times Square190511125995111.189685630240.756246
Candler Building218 West 42 Street19121042310134113.421635551440.756246
7 West 45th Street7 West 45th Street1904811812613015.657315990840.756327
New York Times Building229 West 43 Street1913811810151213.256139467740.757555
St. Regis Hotel2 East 55 Street1904931812906914.353048440440.761333
U.S. Rubber Company Building1790 Broadway1912872010295314.232535113540.766851
.110 WALL STREET, NEW YORK, 1000537807.149157193440.705083
.160 WATER STREET, NEW YORK, 100387043021.502817661140.706994
.211 PEARL STREET, NEW YORK, 10038696018.126388165140.70745
.25 PECK SLIP, NEW YORK, 1003810740027.569303857940.708222
.3 BEEKMAN STREET, NEW YORK, 100389014027.87588732640.711248
.48 MARKET STREET, NEW YORK, 100022747501037.018183252540.712004
.549 GRAND STREET, NEW YORK, 1000226665027.452171097640.713858
.38 WARREN STREET, NEW YORK, 100071367502034.610398617940.714761
.8 LUDLOW STREET, NEW YORK, 100022971046.86595408440.715054
.51 CANAL STREET, NEW YORK, 100022987501047.014428866940.715265
.50 BOWERY, NEW YORK, 1001320223045.149368286940.715964
.325 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, 1000715225041.271543904740.716265
.132 BROOME STREET, NEW YORK, 1000234260026.702864310140.716558
.335 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, 1001317333034.687825905940.716688
.87 HESTER STREET, NEW YORK, 1000230830046.253593776240.716737
.178 BROOME STREET, NEW YORK, 1000234771037.191182391440.71729
.288 DELANCEY STREET, NEW YORK, 100023231022.208553215840.717436
.114 BAXTER STREET, NEW YORK, 1001320720031.797764834640.717932
.60 PITT STREET, NEW YORK, 100023381021.805842798940.718054
.90 LUDLOW STREET, NEW YORK, 1000240939042.742408866340.718315
.132 MULBERRY STREET, NEW YORK, 100132377501036.404556330940.718558
.239 CANAL STREET, NEW YORK, 1001320819033.466416911440.71864
.284 BROOME STREET, NEW YORK, 1000241428036.600583670740.718884
.139 FRANKLIN STREET, NEW YORK, 1001317966027.179298045840.719055
.34 NORTH MOORE STREET, NEW YORK, 1001318925027.283751132640.71977
.23 6 AVENUE, NEW YORK, 1001319118024.541203734840.719827
.121 SUFFOLK STREET, NEW YORK, 1000235480029.858948177640.720364
.20 GREENE STREET, NEW YORK, 100132307503028.915350023340.720876
.4 HUBERT STREET, NEW YORK, 1001321527029.66711763340.721754
.306 WEST BROADWAY, NEW YORK, 1001322828022.498942673640.722169
.28 LAIGHT STREET, NEW YORK, 100132207502024.383315453540.722234
.176 EAST 3 STREET, NEW YORK, 1000939818022.649117373140.722884
.1 1st AVENUE, Manhattan, 100094281023.908903671840.723063
.134 AVENUE D, NEW YORK, 100093621027.470685122640.723193
.70 WOOSTER STREET, NEW YORK, 100124865024.399747299440.723291
.285 BOWERY, NEW YORK, 100034561024.798799667940.724299
.3 EXTRA PLACE, NEW YORK, 100034571024.751803551240.72508
.151 6 AVENUE, NEW YORK, 1001349146024.283571860140.725324
.103 PRINCE STREET, NEW YORK, 1001251339025.278006764240.725324
.309 EAST 8 STREET, NEW YORK, 1000939155034.244442989740.725568
.730 EAST 12 STREET, NEW YORK, 1000938138029.133457181140.725942
.421 EAST 6 STREET, NEW YORK, 1000943446026.489054730340.726299
.325 EAST 5 STREET, NEW YORK, 1000344746015.71431835240.726722
.67 EAST 4 STREET, NEW YORK, 1000346053018.036906318940.726885
.319 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, 1001359692025.167455301640.726999
.246 MERCER STREET, NEW YORK, 100125328019.33028802940.727633
.341 HUDSON STREET, NEW YORK, 1001459858024.611980318940.727844
.17 EAST 7 STREET, NEW YORK, 100034634906.654294622240.728739
.245 SULLIVAN STREET, NEW YORK, 100125417501016.717918222840.730202
.78 MORTON STREET, NEW YORK, 1001460264021.899107010640.730739
.93 3 AVENUE, NEW YORK, 100034684010.322568227840.731844
.464 HUDSON STREET, NEW YORK, 100145851017.823363844440.731942
.118 WAVERLY PLACE, NEW YORK, 10011552148013.988028565440.732267
.17 JONES STREET, NEW YORK, 1001459081015.409236789140.732283
.10 EAST 10 STREET, NEW YORK, 100035671109.034754177140.73282
.33 GROVE STREET, NEW YORK, 1001458871014.306312656740.733031
.10 N D PERLMAN PLACE, NEW YORK, 1000392246010.836903719140.733324
.126 EAST 14 STREET, NEW YORK, 100035592204.469521337240.73334
.287 WEST 10 STREET, NEW YORK, 1001463670033.263027330740.733665
.731 GREENWICH STREET, NEW YORK, 1001463245021.704049292240.734706
.205 3 AVENUE, NEW YORK, 100038991011.660051960140.735633
.46 BANK STREET, NEW YORK, 100146149022.688262465240.736446
.338 WEST 12 STREET, NEW YORK, 1001464051027.044497866640.737259
.239 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, 10003875304.445119160440.737698
.212 EAST 26 STREET, NEW YORK, 100109064803.155866546440.740039
.270 WEST 17 STREET, NEW YORK, 10011766750208.204733192540.740819
.333 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, 100108809206.602847393940.740884
.60 LEXINGTON AVENUE, NEW YORK, 10010881606.944401636640.741551
.330 WEST 18 STREET, NEW YORK, 100117411005.990593631840.742624
.333 WEST 20 STREET, NEW YORK, 100117442006.694730201840.74438
.205 EAST 33 STREET, NEW YORK, 10016914606.069997390740.745014
.255 WEST 23 STREET, NEW YORK, 100117731201.883418105840.745046
.202 9 AVENUE, NEW YORK, 10011746307.011846462340.745599
.226 WEST 26 STREET, NEW YORK, 100017755804.20967444540.746867
.401 WEST 25 STREET, NEW YORK, 1000172315012.906761553140.748671
.304 EAST 42 STREET, NEW YORK, 100171334506.007519607240.749143
.303 EAST 42 STREET, NEW YORK, 100171335507.857653518140.749809
.517 WEST 28 STREET, NEW YORK, 1000170018010.069813516940.751744
.261 11 AVENUE, NEW YORK, 100016731040.836011212940.752231
.305 EAST 47 STREET, NEW YORK, 100171340750205.314545484440.752898
.5 EAST 42 STREET, NEW YORK, 100171277806.274772516640.753515
.420 EAST 51 STREET, NEW YORK, 1002213624103.54974202740.753922
.521 5 AVENUE, NEW YORK, 100171278103.834772251440.754166
.WEST 30 STREET, Manhattan, 100016763017.979514704940.754751
.440 10 AVENUE, NEW YORK, 100017327304.089678314540.754799
.875 3 AVENUE, NEW YORK, 100221326107.78073231540.756912
.207 WEST 42 STREET, NEW YORK, 1003610142503.379793212440.756977
.165 WEST 47 STREET, NEW YORK, 100361000103.225323325640.759123
.576 10 AVENUE, NEW YORK, 100361052102.697094930440.759383
.611 9 AVENUE, NEW YORK, 1003610533102.858822835740.760001
.150 WEST 51 STREET, NEW YORK, 100191003750102.895822154440.760391
.687 9 AVENUE, NEW YORK, 1003610573103.237288737940.762552
.28 WEST 56 STREET, NEW YORK, 10019127115405.415834273840.762617
.703 9 AVENUE, NEW YORK, 1001910583003.733035728140.763137
.38 WEST 57 STREET, NEW YORK, 1001912726305.373942642440.763316
.1697 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, 1001910254304.127488663140.763983
.705 10 AVENUE, NEW YORK, 100191077290-1.188850418540.764356
.767 9 AVENUE, NEW YORK, 1001910613202.3793669240.765088
.789 9 AVENUE, NEW YORK, 1001910623301.28265436640.765689
0
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0
Latitude
LatitudeMaxStoriesAavgDepthRel. HeightRel DepthAvg. Relative Building HeightAvg. Relative Bedrock Depth
40.70508367.14915719340.0755-0.1730
40.7054332210.41851432830.3774-0.2408Avg Lat0.3396-0.2182
40.7057823210.41725952340.5660-0.240840.70574340.4340-0.2697
40.7060432114.59423916090.3585-0.327440.70602320.4528-0.3076
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40.726299726.48905473030.0943-0.574240.72628320.0692-0.5180
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40.726885618.03690631890.0755-0.398840.72690760.0755-0.4321
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40.7276331219.3302880290.1887-0.425740.727620.1132-0.5026
40.727844624.61198031890.0755-0.535340.72828340.1195-0.3745
40.72873976.65429462220.0943-0.162740.72903140.0881-0.3565
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40.732267813.98802856540.1132-0.314940.73223120.0943-0.3512
40.732283815.40923678910.1132-0.344340.73246860.1447-0.2904
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40.733031614.30631265670.0755-0.321540.73295960.1258-0.2610
40.733324710.83690371910.0943-0.249540.7332360.0818-0.2294
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40.733665733.26302733070.0943-0.714740.73413360.1069-0.4357
40.7347061021.70404929220.1509-0.474940.7347580.1069-0.4854
40.735633611.66005196010.0755-0.266640.73544580.1006-0.4123
40.736446622.68826246520.0755-0.495340.73611240.1635-0.2977
40.736779205.13750368190.3396-0.131240.73661320.2516-0.2512
40.736998204.93752008510.3396-0.127140.73693840.3333-0.1237
40.73721194.25254574750.3208-0.112940.73710420.2516-0.2752
40.737259727.04449786660.0943-0.585740.7372880.2516-0.2767
40.737275205.15140177610.3396-0.131540.73760020.2075-0.2780
40.737698124.44511916040.1887-0.116940.73804560.2893-0.1368
40.738559206.61704144080.3396-0.161940.73860160.2893-0.1404
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40.74003963.15586654640.0755-0.090140.73987940.2516-0.1513
40.740543209.48154615880.3396-0.221440.74034440.2013-0.1688
40.740819128.20473319250.1887-0.194940.74066960.2390-0.1926
40.740884126.60284739390.1887-0.161640.74089220.4277-0.2010
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40.741551126.94440163660.1887-0.168740.74171980.2956-0.1665
40.742209206.71754793530.3396-0.164040.74206780.2013-0.1606
40.74262465.99059363180.0755-0.148940.74245320.2579-0.1406
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40.7443856.69473020180.0566-0.163540.74450980.1635-0.1651
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40.7466392011.14127461230.3396-0.255840.74656440.1950-0.1793
40.746867124.2096744450.1887-0.112040.74738380.2264-0.2201
40.7486711012.90676155310.1509-0.292440.7481430.1321-0.1846
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40.757555183.25613946770.3019-0.092240.757990.1887-0.0929
40.759123123.22532332560.1887-0.091640.75860780.2013-0.0881
40.75938382.69709493040.1132-0.080640.75929060.1258-0.0854
40.76000162.85882283570.0755-0.084040.76004620.0755-0.0831
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40.76568951.2826543660.0566-0.0513
40.766851204.23253511350.3396-0.1125
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Latitude (Degrees)
=>=>=North=>=>
Avg. Relative Building Height
Avg. Relative Bedrock Depth
latitudePredictionPred No BRDiffRel. HeightPred ONLY BR
40.705080.37638350.3799611-0.00360.07550.2275468
40.705430.85682310.8575029-0.00070.37740.209337
40.705780.84699830.8476983-0.00070.56600.2093439
40.706040.44707910.4491086-0.00200.35850.1873719
40.706380.44697060.4486876-0.001