Post on 31-Dec-2015
description
“ “Basic Research Needs” Workshops Basic Research Needs” Workshops
SuperconductivitySuperconductivity&&
Solid State LightingSolid State Lighting
Basic Energy Sciences Advisory Committee Meeting Basic Energy Sciences Advisory Committee Meeting February 16, 2006February 16, 2006
Harriet KungHarriet Kung
http://www.sc.doe.gov/bes/Basic Energy SciencesBasic Energy SciencesServing the Present, Shaping the FutureServing the Present, Shaping the Future
Fossil fuels provide about 85% of the world’s energy. Although fossil reserves may last for another 100 years, we must seek alternative energy sources because:
The largest reserves petroleum, reside in politically unstable regions of the world.
The production and release of CO2 pose the risk of climate change/global warming
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10
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30
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50
%
World Fuel Mix 2001oil
gas coal
nucl renew
~85% fossil
12001000 1400 1600 1800 2000
240
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320
340
360
380
Year AD
Atm
osp
heri
c C
O2 (
pp
mv)
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pera
ture
(°C)
- 1.5
- 1.0
- 0.5
0
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1.0
1.5
-- CO2
-- Global Mean Temp
Current World Energy Demand: ~13 TW, could double by 2050 & triple by 2100
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1970 1990 2010 2030
TW
World Energy Demand
total
industrial
developingU
See/fsu
Energy Security - The Terawatt ChallengeEnergy Security - The Terawatt Challenge
BES Energy Security PlanBES Energy Security Plan
“Considering the urgency of the energy problem, the magnitude of the needed scientific breakthroughs, and the historic rate of scientific discovery, current efforts will likely be too little, too late. Accordingly, BESAC believes that a new national energy research program is essential and must be initiated with the intensity and commitment of the Manhattan Project, and sustained until this problem is solved.”Workshop: October 21-25, 2002
Report: March 2003
Follow-on focused workshops seek to define the basic research needed to overcome both short-term technology showstoppers and long-term scientific grand challenges.
Carbon Energy Sources
Coal
Petroleum
Natural Gas
Oil shale, tar sands, hydrates,…
Research for a Secure Energy FutureSupply, Distribution, Consumption, and Carbon Management
No-net-carbon Energy Sources
Nuclear Fission
Nuclear Fusion
Hydropower
Renewables
Biomass
Geothermal
Wind
Solar
Ocean
Carbon Management
CO2 Sequestration
Carbon Recycle
Geologic
Terrestrial
Oceanic
Global Climate Change Science
Energy Consumption
Transportation
Buildings
Industry
Distribution/Storage
Electric Grid
Electric Storage
Energy Conservation, Energy Efficiency, and Environmental Stewardship
Decision Science and Complex Systems Science
Hydrogen
A Comprehensive Decades-to-Century Energy Security Plan A Comprehensive Decades-to-Century Energy Security Plan
Alternate Fuels
BASIC ENERGY SCIENCESBASIC ENERGY SCIENCESServing the Present, Shaping the FutureServing the Present, Shaping the Future
Workshop Chair: Millie Dresselhaus (MIT)Co-Chairs: George Crabtree (ANL)
Michelle Buchanan (ORNL)
Basic Research for Hydrogen Production, Storage, and UseBasic Research for Hydrogen Production, Storage, and UseMay 13-15, 2003May 13-15, 2003
Breakout Sessions:Hydrogen Production
Tom Mallouk, PSU & Laurie Mets, U. ChicagoHydrogen Storage and Distribution
Kathy Taylor, GM (retired) & Puru Jena, VCUFuel Cells and Novel Fuel Cell Materials
Frank DiSalvo, Cornell & Tom Zawodzinski, CWRU
High priority research areas as identified by the workshop report:
- Novel Materials for Hydrogen Storage- Membranes for Separation, Purification, and Ion Transport- Design of Catalysts at the Nanoscale- Solar Hydrogen Production - Bio-Inspired Materials and Processes
Report: August 2003
200 attendees - universities, national labs, industry, Federal agencies and foreign scientists
Basic Research Needs for Solar Energy Utilization WorkshopBasic Research Needs for Solar Energy Utilization WorkshopApril 21-24, 2005April 21-24, 2005
Panel Chairs:Solar Electric: Art Nozik (NREL)
Solar Fuels: Michael Wasielewski (Northwestern)
Crosscutting & Solar Thermal: Paul Alivisatos (LBNL)
Workshop Chair: Nate Lewis, CaltechCo-chair: George Crabtree, ANL
Plenary Speakers: J. Mazer, DOE/EERE; M. Hoffert, NYU; T. Feist, GE
Workshop ChargeTo identify basic research needs and opportunities in solar electric, fuels, thermal and related areas, with a focus on new, emerging and scientifically challenging areas that have the potential for significant impact in science and technologies.
Univ34%
Lab28%
Foreign15%
Federal16%
Private7%
BES Solar Energy Utilization Workshop ReportBES Solar Energy Utilization Workshop Report
“Sunlight is a compelling solution to our need for clean, abundant sources of energy in the future. Huge gap between our present use of solar energy and its enormous undeveloped potential defines a grand challenge in energy research. Much of the researchers’ optimism is based on the continuing, rapid worldwide progress in nanoscience and molecular biology. Powerful new methods of nanoscale fabrication, characterization, and simulation - using tools that were not available as little as five years ago - create new opportunities for understanding and manipulating the molecular and electronic pathways of solar energy conversion. Additional optimism arises from impressive strides in molecular biology that will soon bring the secrets of photosynthesis and natural bio-catalysis into sharp focus.”
Workshop: April 2005
Report: July 2005
http://www.sc.doe.gov/bes/reports/files/SEU_rpt.pdf
Carbon Energy Sources
Coal
Petroleum
Natural Gas
Oil shale, tar sands, hydrates,…
Research for a Secure Energy FutureSupply, Distribution, Consumption, and Carbon Management
No-net-carbon Energy Sources
Nuclear Fission
Nuclear Fusion
Hydropower
Renewables
Biomass
Geothermal
Wind
Solar
Ocean
Carbon Management
CO2 Sequestration
Carbon Recycle
Geologic
Terrestrial
Oceanic
Global Climate Change Science
Energy Consumption
Transportation
Buildings
Industry
Distribution/Storage
Electric Grid
Electric Storage
Energy Conservation, Energy Efficiency, and Environmental Stewardship
Decision Science and Complex Systems Science
Hydrogen
Basic Research Needs for Superconductivity WorkshopBasic Research Needs for Superconductivity Workshop
Alternate Fuels
BASIC ENERGY SCIENCESBASIC ENERGY SCIENCESServing the Present, Shaping the FutureServing the Present, Shaping the Future
DiscoveryHg
Onnes
1911
transport
1933
MeissnerOchsenfeld
thermodynamics
1950
GinzburgLandau
phenomenology
1957
BardeenCooper
Schreiffer theory
Abrikosovvortices
1986
Cuprate HTS
Müller & Bednorz
layered metalsexotic pairing
vortex meltingglasses/dynamics
2001
microscopic theoryphonon pairing
MgB2
two gaps
20032003
electrodynamicsflux patterns
NaCoO2 • H2O
2003
wateras a
structuralelement
AbrikosovGinzburg Leggett
1913191319131913 1987198719721972
Superconductivity: Frontier of Discovery-Class ScienceSuperconductivity: Frontier of Discovery-Class Science
(Courtesy of G. Crabtree)
1957
BCSOnnes
Josephsontunneling
GiaverJosephson
19731973
MüllerBednorz
1962
Energy Distribution
Electricity losses in the grid account for >10% of all electricity generated.
Transmission limitations increase blackout risks.
Superconductors can transmit electricity with near perfect efficiency and much higher capacity.
Energy Production and Consumption
Superconducting materials provide higher efficiency in performance, size/weight reduction and better voltage regulation for power generators and motors for transportation needs.
Superconductivity: Use-inspired Research for Energy ApplicationsSuperconductivity: Use-inspired Research for Energy Applications
American Superconductor
70% smaller & lighter than conventional
motors with all cooling systems figured in
HTS generators 1/2 to 2/3 the losses of a conventional generator
retain high efficiency down to 5% of the rated load
5-MW superconductor motor
(Courtesy of G. Crabtree)
BES Superconductivity Workshop BES Superconductivity Workshop Chairs and ChargeChairs and Charge
Chair: Dr. John SarraoLos Alamos National Laboratory
Co-Chair: Dr. Wai-Kwong KwokArgonne National Laboratory
Workshop Charge:To identify basic research needs and opportunities in high temperature superconductivity with a focus on new, emerging, and scientifically challenging areas that have the potential to have significant impact in science and energy relevant technologies, including electricity transmission and electric grid.
Fundamental Material IssuesFundamental Material Issues Ivan Bozovic (Brookhaven)
BES Superconductivity Workshop Breakout Panels and Sub-panelsBES Superconductivity Workshop Breakout Panels and Sub-panels
Physical PhenomenaPhysical Phenomena Seamus Davis (Cornell); Leonardo Civale (LANL)
Cross-CuttingCross-Cutting TheoryTheory Igor Mazin (NRL)
(DRAFT)
• Improving known superconductors• Novel fabrication/manipulations• Technologically relevant synthesis• Engineering current
• Underlying mechanisms and their observable manifestations• Vortex phenomenology • Emerging tools
• Mechanisms, conventional and unconventional • Computational superconductivity• Translating fundamentals to applications
• Disruptive Technologies • Smart and fast-reacting grid • Magnet applications
ApplicationsApplications Dave Christen (ORNL)
2005 October Workshop planning
2005 December Finalize Charge and Chairs
2006 January Panel chairs and structure
2006 February Technology Office briefing & panelist invitations
2006 March-April Technology Perspective draft
2006 May 8-10 Workshop
2006 June-July Workshop draft Report
2006 August Release final Workshop Report
BES Superconductivity Workshop Key DatesBES Superconductivity Workshop Key Dates
Workshop Date: May 8-10, May 8-10, 20062006
Location: Sheraton National Hotel, Arlington, VASheraton National Hotel, Arlington, VA((shuttle service to Pentagon City Metrorail Station)shuttle service to Pentagon City Metrorail Station)
BES Superconductivity Workshop LogisticsBES Superconductivity Workshop Logistics
Plenary Speakers:
Paul Chu (Houston/Hong Kong)George Crabtree (ANL)ZX Shen (Stanford) Mike Norman (ANL)
Alex Malozemoff (AMSC)
DOE Technology Program Overview: Dr. James Daley (DOE/OE)
BES Coordinator: Jim Horwitz
BESAC members are welcome to attend.
Carbon Energy Sources
Coal
Petroleum
Natural Gas
Oil shale, tar sands, hydrates,…
Research for a Secure Energy FutureSupply, Distribution, Consumption, and Carbon Management
No-net-carbon Energy Sources
Nuclear Fission
Nuclear Fusion
Hydropower
Renewables
Biomass
Geothermal
Wind
Solar
Ocean
Carbon Management
CO2 Sequestration
Carbon Recycle
Geologic
Terrestrial
Oceanic
Global Climate Change Science
Energy Consumption
Transportation
Buildings
Industry
Distribution/Storage
Electric Grid
Electric Storage
Energy Conservation, Energy Efficiency, and Environmental Stewardship
Decision Science and Complex Systems Science
Hydrogen
Basic Research Needs for Solid State Lighting WorkshopBasic Research Needs for Solid State Lighting Workshop
Alternate Fuels
BASIC ENERGY SCIENCESBASIC ENERGY SCIENCESServing the Present, Shaping the FutureServing the Present, Shaping the Future
Lighting is a Large Fraction of Energy Consumption Lighting is a Large Fraction of Energy Consumption
Lighting consumes ~20% of U.S electricity and yet has very low efficiency
Efficiencies of Energy Technologies in Buildings
Heating: 70-80%
Electrical Motors: 85-95%
Incandescent Lighting: ~5%
Fluorescent Lighting: ~25%
Metal Halide Lighting: ~30%
Basic Energy SciencesServing the Present, Shaping the Future
1
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En
erg
y C
on
sum
pti
on
(Q
uad
s)
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020
Energy
Electricity
Illumination42% Incandescent41% Fluorescent17% HID Projected
~96 Quads
~37 Quads
~8 Quads
Year
U.S. Energy ConsumptionU.S. Energy Consumption
Solid State Lighting: Semiconductor-Based Lighting TechnologySolid State Lighting: Semiconductor-Based Lighting Technology
Inorganic Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs)
Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLEDs)
• III-V semiconductors-based device
• High brightness point sources
• Potential high efficiency & long lifetime
• Organic semiconductors-based device
• Large area diffuse sources
• Thin and flexible
• Ease of fabrication
Cree XLampTM
UDC PHOLEDTM
Current LEDs are predominantly in mono-chrome or niche applications.
High brightness, broad-band white light is needed for general illumination applications.
Solid State Lighting Offers Great Potential for Energy SavingsSolid State Lighting Offers Great Potential for Energy Savings
50% conversion efficiency (200 lm/W) in SSL in 2025 could lead to: Reduced electricity consumption (525 TW-hr/Yr) and cost ($35 B/Yr) Decrease in new power plant needs (75 GW) and CO2 emission (87 Mtons)
Ref: J.Y. Tsao, Laser Focus World, May 2003 and references therein
~5%
~25%
2020 Target 2020 Target 50%50%
25% - 30%
BES Solid State Lighting Workshop BES Solid State Lighting Workshop Chairs and ChargeChairs and Charge
Chair: Dr. Julia Phillips Sandia National Laboratories
Co-Chair: Dr. Paul Burrows Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Workshop Charge:To identify basic research needs and opportunities underlying light emitting diode and related technologies, with a focus on new or emerging science challenges with potential for significant long-term impact on energy-efficient and productivity-enhancing solid state lighting.
Highlighted areas will include organic and inorganic materials and nanostructure physics and chemistry, photon manipulation, wavelength down/up conversion, and novel materials and approaches.
LED ScienceLED Science Robert Davis (CMU) & Jerry Simmons (SNL)
BES SSL Workshop Breakout Panels and Sub-panelsBES SSL Workshop Breakout Panels and Sub-panels
LED synthesis and properties Carrier transport, injection, doping and recombinationLight extraction and stimulated emissionWavelength conversion and color mixingMaterials packaging issues
OLED synthesis and propertiesCarrier energetics, injection and transportPhoto-physicsDevice architectures and light management
Materials interfaces and new materials systemsElectronic excitations, dynamics and energeticsPhoton manipulation and managementTools for solid-state lighting research (theoretical and experimental)
OLED ScienceOLED Science George Malliaras (Cornell) & Franky So (U Florida)
Cross-Cutting and Novel Materials/Optical PhysicsCross-Cutting and Novel Materials/Optical PhysicsJim Misewich (BNL), Arto Nurmikko (Brown) & Darryl Smith (LANL)
(DRAFT)
2005 October Workshop planning start
2005 December Charge and Chairs
2006 January Panel chairs, date and location
2006 February Panel structure and panelist invitations
2006 March Technology Office briefing
2006 April Technology Perspective draft
2006 May 22-24 Workshop
2006 June-July Workshop Report full draft
2006 August Release final Workshop Report
BES SSL Workshop Key DatesBES SSL Workshop Key Dates
Workshop Date: May 22-24, May 22-24, 20062006
Location: Marriott Bethesda, Pooks Hill, Washington DCMarriott Bethesda, Pooks Hill, Washington DC (Shuttle service between hotel and Red Line - Medical Center Station)
Proposed Program:
May 22 AM Plenary Opening SessionMay 22 PM – May 23 PM Breakout Panel DiscussionsMay 24 AM Plenary Closing Session May 24 PM – May 25 Report Writing by Core Group
BES Solid State Lighting Workshop LogisticsBES Solid State Lighting Workshop Logistics
Plenary Speakers:LED Perspective: George Craford (LumiLeds)OLED Perspective: Alan Heeger (UCSB)
DOE/EERE SSL Program Overview: Jim Brodrick (DOE/EERE)
BES Coordinator: Jeff Tsao
BESAC members are welcome to attend.
• The workshop output will be a concise and authoritative report suitable for wide distribution.
• Report will be published within three months after workshop.
• The format of the report should follow those of the hydrogen and solar workshop reports. A tentative outline is:
-- Executive Summary and Conclusions -- Introduction
Overviews of Technology Challenges, Science Challenges and Knowledge Gaps, Panel Reports
-- Basic Research Grand Challenges-- Report from Panel #1-- Report from Panel #2…-- Report from Cross-Cutting Panel-- Appendix 1: Technology Perspective (Overview, Potential, Challenges)-- Appendix 2: Workshop Agenda, Attendees, etc.
Workshop OutputWorkshop Output