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BASIC PARASITOLOGY

Agnes Kurniawan

Dept of Parasitologi FKUI

BASIC PARASITOLOGY

•The science that deals with organisms that take up their abodes• Temporarily or permanently• On or within other living organisms• Procuring food with the relationship

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CLASSIFICATION

• Ecto-parasite :

Parasite that lives outside the body of the host (infestation)

• Endo-parasite :

Parasite which lives within the body of the host (infection)

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• Obligate-parasite :

Parasites are completely dependent upon the host

e.g : Ascaris lumbricoides

• Facultative-parasite :

Parasites are capable of leading both a free and a parasitic existence upon the host

e.g : - Strongyloides stercoralis, Tick

CLASSIFICATION

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Parasite

Phytoparasite Zooparasite Spirochaeta Virus

Protozoa Metazoa Helminths Arthropods

Nematode Trematode Cestode

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HOST

• Harboring parasite species• Usually a larger organism that

provides physical protection and nourishment

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DEFINITIVE HOST

• The host that harbors the adult or sexual stage of the parasitee.g : - Ascaris lumbricoides man

• Intermediate host :

Another animals that take place part or all of the larval or asexual stage e.g : - Plamodium mosquito man

- Filaria man mosquito

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RESERVOIR HOST

• Animals that harbor the same species of parasites as man and act as additional sources of human infection

E.g : - Trichinella spiralis Rh : pig, rat, bear

- Brugia malayi Rh : monkey, cat, dog

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Intermediate hosts

• Transmission in a passive capacity.• Part or all of the larval or asexual

stage may take place in another animal such as the snail , Cyclops or Diaptomus.

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VECTORS

• Hosts that transmit parasites to man

e.g. : mosquitos in malaria / filariasis

glossina in sleeping sickness Africa

ZOONOSIS• Animal diseases which can be transmitted

to humane• e.g.:Blantidiosis (Balantidium coli)

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Parasite

Phytoparasite Zooparasite Spirochaeta Virus

Protozoa Metazoa Helminths Arthropods

Nematode Trematode Cestode

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NEMATHELMINTHES

• Roundworm , unsegmented• Posses a body cavity• Have a complete digestive system • The sexes are separate

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PLATYHELMINTHES

• Flatworms • Bilaterally symmetrical • Leaf – shaped or band – shaped • Without a body cavity • Have no digestive tract • Hermaphrodite

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Trichuris trichiura

Cacing dewasa Telur

Fasciolopsis buski

Cacing dewasa

Protozoa• an unicellular animal cell • living either in colonies or solitaire which is

able to perform all physiological function of its own

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Classification :

E Rhizopoda

E Mastigophora/Flagellata

E Cilliophora/Ciliata

E Sporozoa

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Reproduction

§ asexual : binary fission, schizogony, cyst formation

sexual : Gametogony, sporogony, conjugation

alternating asexual and sexual

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Pathology

Tissue damage by :• invasion • enzyme • toxin • immune response

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Infection

• Acute fatal• Sub clinical• Chronic/latent• Relapse/ acute exacerbation

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Entomology

deals with insects, arachnids, and other arthropods which cause pathology / role in transmission infective agents

The arthropods involved may be as :1. the causal agents (S.scabiei)2. intermediate hosts (cyclops)3. vectors. (Aedes, Anopheles)

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Thank You