Post on 13-May-2020
Balancing Nationalism and
Sectionalism Chapter 7
Regional Economies Create Differences
Section 1
Industrial Revolution
► Interchangeable parts – Eli Whitney’s invention – parts that are exactly alike
►Mass production – production of goods in large quantities
► Industrial Revolution Brought about by changes in industry Massive change in social and economic organization
resulting from the replacement of hand tools by machines and the development of large-scale industrial production
Where was the Industrial Revolution?
►Industrial Revolution – started in Great Britain
►Carried over to the United States U.S. economy had moved away from
international trade; therefore, they needed to create the goods they could no longer import
New England Industrializes
► First economic area to industrialize Textile mills
►Pawtucket, RI – Samuel Slater – first successful mechanized textile factory – produced thread
►Waltham, MA – Lowell, Appleton, and Jackson built a weaving factory that mechanized entire process for creating cloth Named Lowell Booming manufacturing center that drew thousands who
were looking for work – mostly women
Two Agricultural Systems Develop
►North – little need for slavery Started out growing only what their families
needed Sold at city markets and purchased from stores
whatever else they needed Smaller farms Grew crops that didn’t require much labor
Two Agricultural Systems Develop
►Cotton becomes “King” Eli Whitney’s cotton gin made it easy to clean
cotton Cotton in high demand in Great Britain and
North Small farmers and plantation owners took
advantage of demand for cotton and used slave labor to cultivate cotton Cotton accelerated expansion of slavery
The American System
► Since North and South had different economies, they needed a plan to unify the country and create a strong, stable, and self-sufficient economy
►Madison’s plan (three points) – “The American System” Establish a protective tariff Resurrect the National Bank Sponsor the development of transportation systems and
infrastructure
Tariffs
►Why a tariff? Lots of cheap British goods flooded the market Smaller U.S. manufacturers couldn’t sell goods
as cheaply as the large British manufacturers A tax on imports would make British goods
more expensive Tax encouraged industrial development and
helped pay for improved infrastructure Tariff of 1816 passed
National Bank
►Second Bank of the United States (BUS) proposed
►Supported because people wanted a single currency to make it easier to do business with people in other regions of the country
►1816 – Congress chartered the bank for a 20 year period
Erie Canal and Infrastructure Improvements
►States funded improvement to their own transportation systems (turnpikes, etc.)
►Federal government National Road (1811) - first highway
►Erie Canal – 363 mile long “Big Ditch” Connected Hudson River to Lake Erie Successful (only took 12 years to pay for
construction with the tolls collected)
Nationalism at Center Stage Section 2
Nationalism Shapes Foreign Policy
►Monroe Doctrine (1823) Portugal, Spain, and Russia looking at land in
North America or former colonies in Latin America Made U.S. nervous – had to do something In a message to Congress, President Monroe
warned foreign nations not to interfere in the affairs of the Western Hemisphere Similarly, the U.S. would not interfere in
European affairs or affairs of existing colonies
Nationalism Pushes America West
►Missouri Compromise With increasing westward expansion, problems
start to develop between the North/non-slave states and South/slave states 11 free and 11 free states Missouri wants to become a state…a slave state Problem?
►If it becomes a slave state, it will tip the scale in Congress to favor the South/slave states
Missouri Compromise Continued
►Compromise Maine was seeking admission to the Union – it
would be admitted as a free state Missouri would be admitted as a slave state Louisiana Territory was split into two spheres at
the 36,30 N latitude; South would be open to slavery, North would be closed to slavery (except for MO)
►1820 Missouri Compromise signed – solving the problem for a generation
The Age of Jackson Section 3
Expansion of Democracy and Changing Politics
►Adams vs. Jackson 1824 election
►Jackson won popular vote but John Quincy Adams became President because of electoral college votes
Jacksonians, upset with outcome, withdrew from the Republican Party to form the Democratic-Republican Party
►Voting requirements eased under Adams and enlarged voting population (tripled between 1824 and 1828) Many states got rid of property requirements
Jackson’s Political Style
►Appeal to Common Citizen Expanded electorate meant candidates had to speak to
concerns and hopes of everyday citizens – Jackson characterized Adams as an elitist and himself as a man of the common person
► Spoils System Appointees serve maximum 4 year terms Gave away jobs to friends and supporters “Kitchen Cabinet” – closest friends were his advisers
Removal of Native Americans
►Five Civilized Tribes Cherokee, Choctaw, Seminole, Creek, and
Chickasaw Began to adopt to the culture of European-
Americans since the War of 1812 Cherokee had
►Legislature with two houses and a Constitution ►Court system ►Constitution
Removal of Native Americans
► Indian Removal Act of 1830 Planters and miners wanted tribal lands to settle Jackson believed “assimilation” could not work and best
solution was to remove tribes from the land Act provided funds to negotiate treaties that would
force Native Americans to move further west Jackson believed removal policy was best because
Native Americans could maintain their way of life
Removal of Native Americans
►Trail of Tears Cherokee Nation did not sign a treaty but rather
attempted to have their case decided in U.S. Courts Supreme Court jurisdiction was unclear
►Neither a foreign nation nor a state ►“Domestic dependent nation” ►Ultimately decided in favor of the Cherokee
Recognized as distinct political community Georgia not entitled to regulate by law or force to leave land Jackson ignored decision and didn’t enforce it
Removal of Native Americans
►Trail of Tears (continued) As issue remained in courts, some Cherokee began to
favor relocation Federal agents negotiated the Treaty of New Echota
with those leaders favoring relocation Signing of treaty began mass Cherokee exodus that
ultimately killed a quarter of the Cherokee people 800-mile journey
►Government officials stole money ►Outlaws stole livestock ►Land they were given was far inferior to land they left