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A new range of resources for the IB Diploma
2008
H E I N E M A N N BACCALAUREATE
INTERNATIONAL
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Heinemann Baccalaureate:Standard Level Biology and Higher Level Biology
Introduction1 Statistical analysis2 Cells3 The chemistry of life4 Genetics5 Ecology and evolution6 Human health and physiology7 (Option A) Human nutrition and health8 (Option B) Physiology of exercise9 (Option C) Cells and energyCC
BiologySTANDARD LEVEL
ALAN DAMON RANDY McGONEGALPATRICIA TOSTO WILLIAM WARD
H E I N E M A N N BACCALAUREATE
DEVELOPED SPECIFICALLY FOR THE
IB DIPLOMA
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S L
1 Statistical analysis2 Cells3 The chemistry of life4 Genetics 15 Ecology and evolution6 Human health and physiology 17 Nucleic acids and proteins8 Cell respiration and photosynthesis9 Plant science
10 Genetics 211 Human health and physiology 212 (Option A) Human nutrition and health
BiologyHIGHER LEVEL
ALAN DAMON RANDY McGONEGALPATRICIA TOSTO WILLIAM WARD
H E I N E M A N N BACCALAUREATE
DEVELOPED SPECIFICALLY FOR THE
IB DIPLOMA
INTERNATIONAL
H L
Heinemann Baccalaureate: Standard Level Biology 978-0-435994-27-3 December 2007 £22.50
Heinemann Baccalaureate: Higher Level Biology 978-0-435994-24-2 December 2007 £29.50
10 (Option D) Evolution11 (Option E) Neurobiology and behaviour12 (Option F) Microbes and biotechnologyFF13 (Option G) Ecology and conservationTheory of KnowledgeAdvice on Internal AssessmentAdvice on Extended EssayAnswersIndex
13 (Option B) Physiology of exercise14 (Option C) Cells and energyCC15 (Option D) Evolution16 (Option E) Neurobiology and behaviour17 (Option F) Microbes and biotechnologyFF18 (Option G) Ecology and conservation19 (Option H) Further human physiologyTheory of KnowledgeAdvice on Internal AssessmentAdvice on Extended EssayAnswersIndex
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Two titles are available for Biology, one for each the Standard and Higher level. The differentiated titles mean that:
each title is tailored in terms of content for each levelcore topics have been developed separately to prepareSL or HL students for their respective optionsexercises are written specifically for the correct levelwhere HL and SL are taught in the same class, the textscan be used alongside each other.
Both titles:provide comprehensive coverage of the latest syllabus requirements and all the options for Biology SL and HLoffer clear links to TOK throughout as well as a specially-designed TOK chapter.
Download sample material at www.heinemann.co.uk/ib or email ibcd@harcourt.co.uk for a free CD with sample chapters from the four titles coming out in December
Downloaded from the Heinemann Baccalaureate 2008 Catalouge
Heinemann Baccalaureate:Standard Level Physics
Introduction1 Physics and physical measurement2 Mechanics3 Thermal physics4 Simple harmonic motion and waves5 Electrical currents6 Fields and forces7 Atomic and nuclear physics8 Energy, power and climate change9 (Option A) Sight and wave phenomena
10 (Option B) Quantum physics andnuclear physics
S
PhysicsSTANDARD LEVEL
CHRIS HAMPER KEITH ORD
H E I N E M A N N BACCALAUREATE
DEVELOPED SPECIFICALLY FOR THE
IB DIPLOMA
INTERNATIONAL
S L
History: The Cold WarProvides comprehensive coverage of the Cold War option, written in-line with the new History syllabus.Enables practical coverage of TOK in the History classroom.Uses thematic approaches, comparative studies and cross-regional perspectives.20th Century World
The Cold War
HistoryH E I N E M A N N BACCALAUREATE
INTERNATIONAL
DEVELOPED SPECIFICALLY FOR THE IB DIPLOMA
KEELY ROGERS JO THOMAS
(Option C) Digital TechnologyCC12 (Option D) Relativity and particle physics13 (Option E) Astrophysics14 (Option F) Radio communicationFF15 (Option G) Electromagnetic wavesTheory of KnowledgeAdvice on Internal AssessmentAdvice on Extended EssayAnswersIndex
Introduction1 What was the Cold War?2 Steps to the political, economic and
military division of Europe 13 Steps to the political, economic and
military division of Europe 24 Who was responsible for the development
of the Cold War?5 The Cold War goes global: The Korean War
and National Security Council Report 686 The USA and containment in Asia7 New leaders, new ideas8 Why was Germany such a source of tension?9 Cuba: Could this crisis have led to nuclear
war?10 What was the impact of the arms race on
the Cold War?
11 Sino-Soviet relations 12 Sino-American relations13 Why did détente end in a second Cold War?14 What was the impact of the Cold War on
the United Nations?15 What was the impact of the non-aligned
states on the Cold War?16 Challenges to Soviet control 1945–198017 The collapse of the Soviet Union and the
end of the Cold War18 Cold War Review and ConsolidationTheory of KnowledgeAppendixFurther ReadingGlossaryIndex
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Heinemann Baccalaureate:Standard Level Chemistry
Introduction1 Quantitative chemistry2 Atomic structure3 Periodicity4 Bonding5 Energetics6 Kinetics7 Equilibrium8 Acids and bases9 Oxidation and reduction
10 Organic chemistry11 Measurement and data processing12 (Option A) Modern analytical chemistry
ChemistrySTANDARD LEVEL
CATRIN BROWN MIKE FORD
H E I N E M A N N BACCALAUREATE
DEVELOPED SPECIFICALLY FOR THE
IB DIPLOMA
INTERNATIONAL
S L
13 (Option B) Human bio-chemistry14 (Option C) Chemistry in industry and
technology15 (Option D) Medicines and drugs16 (Option E) Environmental chemistry17 (Option F) Food chemistry18 (Option G) Further organic chemistryTheory of KnowledgeAdvice on Internal AssessmentAdvice on Extended EssayAnswersIndex
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Heinemann Baccalaureate: Standard Level Physics 978 0 435994 26 6 December 2007 £22.50
Heinemann Baccalaureate: History: The Cold War 978 0 435994 28 0 December 2007 £18.50
Heinemann Baccalaureate: Standard Level Chemistry 978 0 435994 25 9 June 2008 £22.50
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Heinemann Baccalaureate:Theory of Knowledge
Provides comprehensive coverage of all the Ways of Knowing and Areas of Knowledge.Engages students in critical thinking relevant to their other courses and their lifeoutside the classroom.Enables clear links to the Learner Profile, the IB core values and all the IB hexagon areas.Written by Sue Bastian, previous Chief Assessor of TOK, and a key architect of thecurrent TOK program.
Introduction1 Your knower profile2 Key ideas and vocabulary3 Knowledge4 Belief5 Certainty6 Truth7 The ideal knower8 Ways of knowing
9 Perception10 Emotion11 Language12 Reason13 Areas of knowledge14 Mathematics15 Science16 Social science17 History
18 Ethics19 Art20 The learner profileAdvice on Internal AssessmentAdvice on Extended EssayThemes of global significanceIndex
Heinemann Baccalaureate:Standard Level Mathematics
Introduction1 Algebra2 Sequences and Series3 Functions4 Exponents and Logarithms5 Matrices6 Trigonometry I7 Vectors I8 Descriptive Statistics9 Introductory Probability
10 Differential Calculus I11 Differential Calculus II – Applications
12 Vectors II13 Trigonometry II14 Differential Calculus III15 Integral Calculus16 Further Statistics & Probability17 Portfolios – Ideas & Examples18 Practice IB ExamsTheory of KnowledgeAdvice on Internal AssessmentAdvice on Extended EssayAnswersIndex
Heinemann Baccalaureate:Mathematical Studies
Introduction1 Presumed Knowledge2 Numbers3 Functions I (linear, quadratic, exponential)4 Functions II (sine, cosine, unfamiliar)5 Geometry I (basic concepts, 2-D, 3-D)6 Geometry II (solving triangles)7 Sequences and Series8 Financial9 Sets
10 Logic11 Probability
12 Statistics I (basic concepts)13 Statistics II (regression line,
chi-square)14 Calculus15 The Project16 Practice IB examsTheory of KnowledgeAdvice on Internal AssessmentAdvice on Extended EssayAnswersIndex
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Heinemann Baccalaureate: Theory of Knowledge 978 0 435994 32 7 September 2008 £22.50
Heinemann Baccalaureate: Standard Level Mathematics 978 0 435994 23 5 September 2008 £22.50
Heinemann Baccalaureate: Mathematical Studies 978 0 435994 31 0 September 2008 £27.50
Mathematical Studies
STANDARD LEVEL
DAVID WEES RON CARRELL
H E I N E M A N N BACCALAUREATE
DEVELOPED SPECIFICALLY FOR THE
IB DIPLOMA
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MathematicsSTANDARD LEVEL
TIM GARRY IBRAHIM WAZIR
H E I N E M A N N BACCALAUREATE
DEVELOPED SPECIFICALLY FOR THE
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INTERNATIONAL
S L
Downloaded from the Heinemann Baccalaureate 2008 Catalouge
An exciting new series of textbooks for students and teachers of theIB Diploma, written and developed by practising IB teachers
Comprehensive coverage of all the latest syllabus requirements and all the optionsfor each subject.
Appropriate and accessible language, illustrated examples and levelled exercises.
Clear links to TOK throughout.
Includes questions from past papers for exam practice.
Provides guidance on Internal Assessment and the Extended Essay.
234 235
DNA REPLICATION3
DNA replication3.4
Assessment statements
3.4.1 Explain DNA replication in terms of unwinding the double helix and separation of the strands by helicase, followed by formation of thenew complementary strands by DNA polymerase.
3.4.2 Explain the signifi cance of complementary base pairing in theconservation of the base sequence of DNA.
3.4.3 State that DNA replication is semiconservative.
Interesting fact
Helicase may catalyse the
unzipping of DNA at a rate
measured in hundreds of base
pairs per second.
DNA replication involves ‘unzipping’ Cells must prepare for a cell division by doubling the DNA content of the cell in a process called DNA replication. This process doubles the quantity of DNAand also ensures that there is an exact copy of each DNA molecule. You shouldtry to picture the environment in which the DNA is actually replicating. This is the environment of the nucleus during interphase of the cell cycle. Duringinterphase, there is a nuclear membrane which separates the fl uid of the nucleus(nucleoplasm) from the cytoplasm. The DNA is in the form of chromatin (nottightly coiled chromosomes). Among the variety of molecules present in thenucleoplasm there are two types that are particularly important for the process of DNA replication; they are:
enzymes needed for replication – these include helicase and a group of enzymes collectively called DNA polymerase;free nucleotides – these are nucleotides that are not yet bonded and are foundfl oating freely in the nucleoplasm, some contain adenine, some thymine,some cytosine and some guanine. (Free nucleotides are more properly called nucleoside triphosphates.)
Key fact
DNA must replicate before any
cell divides. This means that DNA
replication precedes binary fi ssion
for prokayotes, mitosis for many
eukaryotic cells and meiosis for
eukaryotic gamete and spore
producing cells.
One of the early events of DNA replication is the separation of the double helix into two single strands. DNA will lose its characteristic double helix shape when beginning this process.You should remember that the double helix is held together by the hydrogen bonds between complementary base pairs (A and T, C and G). The enzyme that initiates this separationinto two single strands is called helicase. Helicase begins ata point in or at the end of a DNA molecule and moves onecomplementary base pair at a time, breaking the hydrogenbonds so the double-stranded DNA molecule becomes twoseparate strands.
The unpaired nucleotides on each of these single strands can now be used as a template to help create two double-strandedDNA molecules identical to the original. Some people usethe analogy of a zipper for this process. When you pull on a zipper, the slide mechanism is like helicase. The separation of the two sides of the DNA molecule are like the two openedsides of a zipper (see Figure 3.13).
Helicase (currently at about the half-
way point in this image) would have
started on the left and would be moving
towards the right.
Weblink
The experimental work which
determined that DNA replication
was semiconservative is often called
‘the most beautiful experiment
in biology’. See how this classic
experiment was conducted at
http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.
ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/M/
Meselson_Stahl.htmlFormation of two complementary strandsAs shown in Figure 3.13, once DNA has become ‘unzipped’, the nitrogenousbases on each of the single strands are unpaired. In the environment of thenucleoplasm, there are many free-fl oating nucleotides. These nucleotidesare available to form complementary pairs with the single-stranded nucleotides of the unzipped molecule. This does not happen in a randomfashion. A free nucleotide locates on one opened strand at one end andthen a second nucleotide can come in to join the fi rst. This will requirethat these two nucleotides become covalently bonded together as they are the beginning of a new strand. The formation of a covalent bond betweentwo adjoining nucleotides is catalysed by one of the DNA polymerase enzymes that is important in this process.
A third nucleotide then joins the fi rst two and the process continues in a repetitive way for many nucleotides. The other unzipped strand alsoacts as a template for the formation of another new strand. This strandforms in a similar fashion, but in the opposite direction to the fi rst strand.Notice that one strand is replicating in the same direction as helicase ismoving and the other strand is replicating in the opposite direction.
The pattern of DNA replication ensures that two identical copies of DNA areproduced from one. Figure 3.14 illustrates a very small section of DNA replicating.
TOK
Who should decide how fast and
how far humans should go with our
study of DNA and the technology
that is rapidly emerging?
Notice that in the area where replication has already taken place, the two strands are absolutely identical to each other. This is because the original double–stranded molecule had complementary pairs of nucleotides and it was the complementary nucleotidesthat used the unzipped single-stranded areas astemplates.This also means that no DNA molecule is evercompletely new. Every DNA molecule after replicationconsists of a strand that was ‘old’ now paired with a strand that is ‘new’. DNA replication is described as a semiconservative process because half of a pre-existingDNA molecule is always conserved (saved).
7 The concept of semiconservative DNA replication has some interesting repercussions. For
example, one can argue that there never is such a thing as a ‘new’ DNA molecule. How long
has your DNA been in you? In your family lineage?
8 Most DNA mutations occur during DNA replication. Suggest how a mutation called a
deletion could occur. Suggest how a mutation called a substitution could occur.
A small section of DNA (shown in the
centre) is seen in a DNA polymerase
enzyme.
C A G G T A G T A C C T A C G G T A T C G
C A T G G A T G C C A T A G C
G T C C A T
helicase moving
unzipped section
Figure 3.13 The fi rst step of
DNA replication is helicase
unzipping the double-
stranded DNA molecule
forming a section with two
single strands.
C A C T A C G A T T C G C C T T A G G A C C T A C C T C A C
G G AA T C C T G G
A T G GA G T G
C T A A G C G G A A T C C T G G A T G G A G T G
T C G C C T T A G G A C C T A C C
G T G A T G
helicase
DNA polymerase
DNA polymerase
direction of synthesis
direction of synthesis
PG
PC
PC
PT
Figure 3.14 DNA replication
Assessment statements are reiterated at the start of each section, showingwhich areas in thecurriculum are covered.
Revision exercises are provided at key points in thetext, to test the students’ understanding of the materialbeing taught, and aid them in applying it to problem-solving situations. The answers to all exercises are provided in the back of the book. In addition, past IBexam paper questions are given at the end of each chapter, to provide the student with exam practice.
Full-colour diagrams complement the text in illustrating key concepts.
Weblinks support Aim 7 in encouragingstudents to use ICTskills in the study of their subject.
Interesting facts placethe material in real-life contexts and give depth tostudents’ understanding of a topic. They also promptfurther enquiry.
TOK links provide an ethical and moraldimension to the student’s study experience. Discussion-points aresuggested, and questions posed for wider consideration. A TOK chapter at the end of the book draws many of these strands together.
Key facts are drawn outand highlighted in text boxes, to help reinforcethe most important concepts.
Heinemann Baccalaureate
Downloaded from the Heinemann Baccalaureate 2008 Catalouge
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