congenital HEART DISEASE

CONGENITAL HEART

DISEASE

A Congenital Heart Disease(CHD), also

known as a congenital heart anomaly

or congenital heart defect, is a problem in

the structure of the heart that is present at

birth. Congenital heart disease is one of the

most common types of birth defects,

affecting up to 9 in every 1,000 babies

born.

CLASSIFICATION

According to arterial oxygen saturation

congenital heart diseases are classified into

two main categories:

Acyanotic CHD- Normal arterial oxygen

saturation

Cyanotic CHD- Reduced arterial oxygen

saturated

VARIOUS ACYANOTIC

CHD

Ventricular septal defect(VSD)

Atrial septal defect(ASD)

Patent ductus arteriosus()PSD

Coarctation of aorta

Pulmonary stenosis

VARIOUS CYANOTIC

CHD

Tetrology of fallot

Transposition of great arteries

Tricuspid atresia

Truncus arteriosus

Total anomalies pulmonary venous drainage

Hypoplastic left or right heart

FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO

CHD85 to 90% of cases, there is no identifiable

cause for the heart defect. Generally

considered to be caused by the multifactorial

inheritance.

Factors are usually both genetic and

environmental, where a combination of genes

from both parents.

Maternal factors.

SYMPTOMS

Poor feeding

Low birth weight

Dizziness

Excessive sweating

Swelling in the hands,

Ankles or feet

TREATMENT

This is depend on the type of the C.H.D.

No treatment (observation and

reassurance)

Surgical treatment (palliative or curative).

Cardiac transplant or lung heart transplant

Medical treatment (antifailure,

antiarythmaic etc.,)

Artificial heart valves

Chest X-Ray

Echocardiography

Cardiac catheterization

Echocardiography

Systolic pulmonary flow murmur

DIAGNOSIS

Avoid pregnancy above age of 38

year.

Avoid smoking.

Avoid alcohol.

Avoid exposure to radiation.

Avoid drugs intake before medical

consultation.

Vaccination of all childbearing

women for rubella.

PREVENTIVE MEASURES

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