Atta UnsarIn painful detail...

"Optative"

"The term 'optative is used in Germanic grammar because these forms have developed from IE optatives. There were two such moods in early IE, also in early Greek: the optative and the subjunctive. The subjunctive was lost; its meanings were taken over by the optative. Accordingly later grammars refer to the optative as the subjunctive, and even grammars of Gothic may designate these forms as subjunctive rather than optative." Bennett, Introduction to the Gothic Language, p. 59

Present-Stem Optative

Used chiefly to express:

a.) wishes capable of fulfillment: ei mis gibáis* háubiþ Iōhannis that to me you would give the head of John* giban (V) - "give"

b.) exhortation, uncertainty, supposition, purpose, possibility, & indirect discourse

ei waíhtái ni fraqistnái* that nothing may be lost* fraqistnan (iv) - "to be lost, destroyed"

ImperativeThe Imperative is the command form. Think of it as a verb with an exclamation point:

baíran - "bear"

sōkjan - "seek"

salbōn - "annoint"

haban - "have"

Sg. 2 (þu) baír sōkei salbō habái

Sg. 3 (is / si / ita) baíradáu sōkjadáu salbōdau habadáu

Du. 2 (*jut) baírats sōkjats salbōts habáits

Pl. 1 (weis) baíram sōkjam salbōm habam

Pl. 2 (jus) baíriþ sōkeiþ salbōþ habaíþ

Pl. 3 (eis / *ijōs /

ija )baírandáu sōkjandáu salbōndáu habandáu

The Text in Gothicattaunsarvuinhiminamweihnai namovein qimaiviudinassusveinswairvaiwiljaveinssweinhiminajahanaairvaihlaifunsaranavanasinteinangifunshimma dagajahafletunsvateiskulanssijaimaswaswe jahweisafletamvaimskulamunsaraimjahnibriggaisunsinfraistubnjaiak lausei unsafvammaubilinunteveinaistviudangardi jahmahts jahwulvusinaiwinsamen

Line 1atta unsar vu in himinam

weihnai namo vein

Atta unsar þu in himinam

weihnai namo þein

M n-stem, nom sg. M a-stem, dat. pl.

iv / 3rd sg. pret. opt. N n-stem, acc. sg.

Line 1atta unsar vu in himinam

weihnai namo vein

Atta unsar þu in himinam

weihnai namo þein

Father ours you in heavens M n-stem, nom sg. M a-stem, dat. pl.

iv / 3rd sg. pret. opt. N n-stem, acc. sg.

Line 1atta unsar vu in himinam

weihnai namo vein

Atta unsar þu in himinam

weihnai namo þein

Father ours you in heavens

may be hallowed name yours

M n-stem, nom sg. M a-stem, dat. pl.

iv / 3rd sg. pret. opt. N n-stem, acc. sg.

Line 2qimai viudinassus veins

wairvai wilja veins

swe in himina jah ana airvai

qimai þiudinassus þeins

wairþai wilja þeins

swe in himina jah ana airþai

III / 3rd sg. pres. opt. M u-stem

III / 3rd sg. pres. opt. M n-stem

dat. sg.! F o-stem, dat. sg.

Line 2qimai viudinassus veins

wairvai wilja veins

swe in himina jah ana airvai

qimai þiudinassus þeins

wairþai wilja þeins

swe in himina jah ana airþai

may come kingdom yoursIII / 3rd sg. pres. opt. M u-stem

III / 3rd sg. pres. opt. M n-stem

dat. sg.! F o-stem, dat. sg.

Line 2qimai viudinassus veins

wairvai wilja veins

swe in himina jah ana airvai

qimai þiudinassus þeins

wairþai wilja þeins

swe in himina jah ana airþai

may come kingdom yours

may happen will yours

III / 3rd sg. pres. opt. M u-stem

III / 3rd sg. pres. opt. M n-stem

dat. sg.! F o-stem, dat. sg.

Line 2qimai viudinassus veins

wairvai wilja veins

swe in himina jah ana airvai

qimai þiudinassus þeins

wairþai wilja þeins

swe in himina jah ana airþai

may come kingdom yours

may happen will yours

as in heaven and on earth

III / 3rd sg. pres. opt. M u-stem

III / 3rd sg. pres. opt. M n-stem

dat. sg.! F o-stem, dat. sg.

Line 3hlaif unsarana vana sinteinan

gif uns himma daga

hlaif unsarana þana sinteinan

gif uns himma daga

M a-stem, acc. sg. Adj. M a-stem, acc. sg.

V 2nd sg. imp. M a-stem dat. sg. ("giban" = dat. verb)

Line 3hlaif unsarana vana sinteinan

gif uns himma daga

hlaif unsarana þana sinteinan

gif uns himma daga

bread ours the dailyM a-stem, acc. sg. Adj. M a-stem, acc. sg.

V 2nd sg. imp. M a-stem dat. sg. ("giban" = dat. verb)

Line 3hlaif unsarana vana sinteinan

gif uns himma daga

hlaif unsarana þana sinteinan

gif uns himma daga

bread ours the daily

give to us this day

M a-stem, acc. sg. Adj. M a-stem, acc. sg.

V 2nd sg. imp. M a-stem dat. sg. ("giban" = dat. verb)

Line 4jah aflet uns vatei skulans sijaima

swaswe jah weis afletam

vaim skulam unsaraim

jah aflet uns þatei skulans sijaima

swaswe jah weis afletam

þaim skulam unsaraim

VII 2 sg. imp. M pres. part. 1 pl. pres. opt. of wisan

dat. pl.

Line 4jah aflet uns vatei skulans sijaima

swaswe jah weis afletam

vaim skulam unsaraim

jah aflet uns þatei skulans sijaima

swaswe jah weis afletam

þaim skulam unsaraim

and forgive us that debtors we may be VII 2 sg. imp. M pres. part. 1 pl. pres. opt. of wisan

dat. pl.

Line 4jah aflet uns vatei skulans sijaima

swaswe jah weis afletam

vaim skulam unsaraim

jah aflet uns þatei skulans sijaima

swaswe jah weis afletam

þaim skulam unsaraim

and forgive us that debtors we may be

as also we forgive

VII 2 sg. imp. M pres. part. 1 pl. pres. opt. of wisan

dat. pl.

Line 4jah aflet uns vatei skulans sijaima

swaswe jah weis afletam

vaim skulam unsaraim

jah aflet uns þatei skulans sijaima

swaswe jah weis afletam

þaim skulam unsaraim

and forgive us that debtors we may be

as also we forgive

the debtors ours

VII 2 sg. imp. M pres. part. 1 pl. pres. opt. of wisan

dat. pl.

Wisan = "to be"Ind. Pret. Pres. Opt.

Sg. 1 im was sijáu

Sg. 2 is wast sijáis

Sg. 3 ist was sijái

Du. 1 siju wesu sijáiwa

Du. 2 sijuts wesuts *sijáits

Pl. 1 sijum wesum sijáima

Pl. 2 sijuþ wesuþ sijáiþ

Pl. 3 sind wesun sijáina

Line 5 Pt. 1jah ni briggais uns in fraistubnjai

ak lausei uns af vamma ubilin

jah ni briggais uns in fraistubnjai

ak lausei uns af þamma ubilin

2nd sg. pres. opt. Fem. jo-stem, dat. sg.

i - 2 sg. imp. M a-stem, dat. sg.

Line 5 Pt. 1jah ni briggais uns in fraistubnjai

ak lausei uns af vamma ubilin

jah ni briggais uns in fraistubnjai

ak lausei uns af þamma ubilin

and not may bring us into testing 2nd sg. pres. opt. Fem. jo-stem, dat. sg.

i - 2 sg. imp. M a-stem, dat. sg.

Line 5 Pt. 1jah ni briggais uns in fraistubnjai

ak lausei uns af vamma ubilin

jah ni briggais uns in fraistubnjai

ak lausei uns af þamma ubilin

and not may bring us into testing

but deliver us from the evil one

2nd sg. pres. opt. Fem. jo-stem, dat. sg.

i - 2 sg. imp. M a-stem, dat. sg.

Line 5 Pt.2unte veina ist viudangardi jah mahts

jah wulvus in aiwins amen

unte þeina ist þiudangardi jah mahts

jah wulþus in aiwins amen

F jo-stem, nom. sg. F i-stem, nom. sg.

M u-stem M. wo-stem, acc. pl.

Line 5 Pt.2unte veina ist viudangardi jah mahts

jah wulvus in aiwins amen

unte þeina ist þiudangardi jah mahts

jah wulþus in aiwins amen

for yours is kingdom and power F jo-stem, nom. sg. F i-stem, nom. sg.

M u-stem M. wo-stem, acc. pl.

Line 5 Pt.2unte veina ist viudangardi jah mahts

jah wulvus in aiwins amen

unte þeina ist þiudangardi jah mahts

jah wulþus in aiwins amen

for yours is kingdom and power

and splendor in eternities amen

F jo-stem, nom. sg. F i-stem, nom. sg.

M u-stem M. wo-stem, acc. pl.