AstronomyMerit Badge

Part 3. Covered in the cabin on Wednesday 14-Dec-2011

Review

Counselor Name: Niels RydeE-mail ryde@comcast.net

Requirements 1 – 3 and 4 in part was covered on 16-Nov-2011

Requirements 4 – 5 on 7-Dec-2011

Requirements 6 – 8 on 14-Dec-2011

The Astronomy merit badge booklet is available in Troop 7’s library in the cabin. Many answers to the requirements can be found there.

Month Sun Mercury Venus Mars Jupiter SaturnRise Set Rise Set Rise Set Rise Set Rise Set Rise Set

15-Dec-11 7:17 16:38 5:38 15:35 9:30 18:50 23:04 12:06 13:43 3:02 2:36 13:4515-Jan-12 7:22 17:01 6:35 15:49 9:21 20:03 21:38 10:26 11:41 1:03 0:44 11:4915-Feb-12 6:56 17:37 7:22 18:07 8:39 21:09 19:19 8:21 9:48 23:16 22:40 9:4815-Mar-12 7:13 19:09 7:23 20:04 8:56 23:04 17:32 7:01 9:08 22:48 21:40 8:5215-Apr-12 6:23 19:41 5:30 17:20 8:16 23:39 15:05 4:39 7:24 21:21 19:28 6:45

15-May-12 5:46 20:11 5:15 19:00 7:14 22:45 13:35 2:49 5:47 19:58 17:19 4:4115-Jun-12 5:33 20:33 5:56 22:06 4:47 19:13 12:36 1:12 4:09 18:32 15:11 2:3615-Jul-12 5:46 20:30 7:32 21:12 3:10 17:20 11:56 23:44 2:32 17:06 13:15 0:38

15-Aug-12 6:14 19:58 4:45 18:57 2:42 17:11 11:27 22:24 0:50 15:29 11:22 22:3615-Sep-12 6:43 19:10 7:04 19:25 3:07 17:13 11:08 21:15 22:57 13:43 9:35 20:4115-Oct-12 7:13 18:22 9:09 19:08 4:01 16:55 10:57 20:22 21:00 11:46 7:54 18:5215-Nov-12 6:48 16:45 7:16 16:56 4:06 15:25 9:43 18:50 17:48 8:32 5:10 16:00

Rise and set times for the sun and the planets

Use this table to figure out requirement 5b

Month Sun Mercury Venus Mars Jupiter SaturnRise Set Rise Set Rise Set Rise Set Rise Set Rise Set

15-Dec-11 7:17 16:38 5:38 18:50 23:04 12:06 13:43 3:02 2:3615-Jan-12 7:22 17:01 6:35 20:03 21:38 10:26 11:41 1:03 0:4415-Feb-12 6:56 17:37 18:07 21:09 19:19 8:21 9:48 23:16 22:40 9:4815-Mar-12 7:13 19:09 20:04 23:04 17:32 7:01 9:08 22:48 21:40 8:5215-Apr-12 6:23 19:41 5:30 23:39 15:05 4:39 7:24 21:21 19:28 6:45

15-May-12 5:46 20:11 5:15 22:45 13:35 2:49 17:19 4:4115-Jun-12 5:33 20:33 22:06 4:47 12:36 1:12 4:09 15:11 2:3615-Jul-12 5:46 20:30 21:12 3:10 11:56 2:32 13:15 0:38

15-Aug-12 6:14 19:58 4:45 2:42 11:27 0:50 11:22 22:3615-Sep-12 6:43 19:10 3:07 11:08 22:57 13:43 9:35 20:4115-Oct-12 7:13 18:22 19:08 4:01 10:57 21:00 11:4615-Nov-12 6:48 16:45 4:06 9:43 17:48 8:32 5:10

Rise and set times for the sun and the planets

5:35 rise or set times when inner planets are visible23:04 rise or set time when outer planets are visible in the pm sky3:02 rise or set time when outer planets are visible in the am sky

Motion of the Planets, cont’d

Relative motion in the equatorial planeDate Jupiter Mars Venus Aldebaran

12/14/2011 0 0 0 012/21/2011 7.3 4.8 -2.1 6.712/28/2011 14.0 9.4 -4.2 14.0

1/4/2012 20.7 14.7 -6.2 20.7

More on the planets

PlanetOrbital radius (A.E.)

Orbital Period (y)

Mercury 0.387 0.241Venus 0.726 0.615Earth 1 1Mars 1.524 1.881Jupiter 5.203 11.862Saturn 9.54 29.458Uranus 19.2 84.01Neptune 30.1 164.8Pluto 39.4 248.4

Keplers 3rd law: P2 = const*R3

slope = 1.5

The MoonCold Sea

Sea of Rain

Sea of Vapors

Sea of Clouds

Sea of Moisture

Sea of Serenity

Sea of Crises

Sea of Tranquility

Sea of Fertility

Sea of Nectar

The Sun

Chemical composition of photosphere in %Hydrogen 73.46Helium 24.85Oxygen 0.77Carbon 0.29Iron 0.16Neon 0.12Nitrogen 0.09Silicon 0.07Magnesium 0.05Sulfur 0.10

Sun spots

Color of Stars

Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram

Group Activity9. With your counselor's approval and guidance, do ONE of the following:

a) Visit a planetarium or astronomical observatory. Submit a written report, a scrapbook, or a video presentation afterward to your counselor that includes the following information:

1. Activities occurring there 2. Exhibits and displays you saw 3. Telescopes and instruments being used 4. Celestial objects you observed.

b) Plan and participate in a three-hour observation session that includes using binoculars or a telescope. List the celestial objects you want to observe, and find each on a star chart or in a guidebook. Prepare an observing log or notebook. Show your plan, charts, and log or notebook to your counselor before making your observations. Review your log or notebook with your counselor afterward.

c) Plan and host a star party for your Scout troop or other group such as your class at school. Use binoculars or a telescope to show and explain celestial objects to the group.

d) Help an astronomy club in your community hold a star party that is open to the public.

Individual Activity9. With your counselor's approval and guidance, do ONE of the following:

e) Personally take a series of photographs or digital images of the movement of the Moon, a planet, an asteroid or meteoroid, or a comet. In your visual display, label each image and include the date and time it was taken. Show all positions on a star chart or map. Show your display at school or at a troop meeting. Explain the changes you observed.

10. List at least three different career opportunities in astronomy. Pick the one you in which are most interested and explain how to prepare for such a career. Discuss with your counselor what courses might be useful for such a career