Post on 18-Dec-2015
Assembling the Planetary Computer
Keynote to the
ACM Ubicomp 2001 Conference
Sheraton Midtown Atlanta Hotel www.ubicomp.org/ubicomp/
Atlanta, GA
October 1, 2001
Larry Smarr, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jacobs School of Engineering, UCSD,
Director, Cal-(IT)2
Abstract
After twenty years, the "S-curve" of building out the wired internet with hundreds of millions of PCs as its end points is flattening out, with corresponding lowering of the growth rates of the major suppliers of that global infrastructure. At the same time, several new "S-curves" are reaching their steep slope as ubiquitous computing begins to sweep the planet. Leading this will be a vast expansion in heterogeneous end-points to a new wireless internet, moving IP throughout the physical world. Billions of internet connected cell phones, embedded processors, hand held devices, sensors, and actuators will lead to radical new applications in biomedicine, transportation, environmental monitoring, and interpersonal communication and collaboration. The combination of wireless LANs, the third generation of cellular phones, satellites, and the increasing use of the FCC unlicensed wireless band will cover the world with connectivity. The resulting vast increase in data streams, augmented by the advent of mass market broadband to homes and businesses, will drive the backbone of the internet to a pure optical lambda-switched network of tremendous capacity. Finally, peer-to-peer computing and storage will increasingly provide a vast untapped capability to power this emergent planetary computer.
• Wireless Access--Anywhere, Anytime– Broadband Speeds– “Always Best Connected”
• Billions of New Wireless Internet End Points– Information Appliances– Sensors and Actuators– Embedded Processors
• Emergence of a Distributed Planetary Computer– Parallel Lambda Optical Backbone– Storage of Data Everywhere– Scalable Distributed Computing Power
• Brilliance is Distributed Throughout the Grid
The Emerging Brilliant CloudA Mobile Internet Powered by a Planetary Computer
The Era of Guerilla Infrastructure
• Guerilla vs. Commercial Infrastructure– Bottom Up– Completely Decentralized– Self-Assembling– Use at Your Own Risk– Paves the Way for Commercial Deployment
• Examples– NSFnetInternet– NCSA MosaicWeb– NapsterPeer-to-Peer Storage– SETI@homePeer-to-Peer Computing– IEEE 802.11Broadband Wireless Internet
802.11 is Creating Broadband Wireless Internet “Watering Holes”
• Ad Hoc IEEE 802.11 Domains– Uses the FCC Unlicensed Spectrum
– Real Broadband--11 Mbps Going to 54 Mbps
– Security and Authentication can be Added
– But, it is Shared and Local
• Home, Neighborhoods, Office, Schools?– MobileStar--Admiral Clubs, Starbucks, Major
Hotels, Restaurants, …
– Widely Adopted on Campus Buildings, Dorms, Coffee Shops…
Urban Areas Have WLAN Node Movements to Create “Free” Internet Connectivity
• “If you have a broadband or DSL connection in your home or office, buy an access point, hook it up, and you are a node operator.”
• “The project grew out of a skepticism towards the claims of the telecom industry regarding the usefulness and success of the future "third generation mobile telephone systems" as the only means to implement "the wireless Internet". “
• “We envision a cloud of free Internet connectivity that will cover most inhabited areas. The coverage might be spotty, vary over time, and be hard to control or predict, just like a fog or smog. “
• 369 members in Sweden as of June 1, 2001
www.elektrosmog.nu/
The FCC Unlicensed Band Can Create a High Speed Wireless Backbone
• The High PerformanceWireless Research and Education Network
• Enabling a Broad Set of Science Applications
NSF FundedPI, Hans-Werner Braun, SDSC
Co-PI, Frank Vernon, SIO45mbps Duplex Backbone
http://hpwren.ucsd.edu/topo.html
Forecast Growth of Global Mobile Internet Users
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
1,800
2,000
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Mobile Internet
Fixed Internet
Subscribers (millions)
3G Adds Mobility, QoS, and High Speeds
Source: Ericsson
Text/SMSText/SMS
Text/MailText/Mail
ImagesImagesMMSMMS
VideoVideoDownloadDownload
VideoVideoSteamingSteaming
The Promise of 3GCreating Billions of New Multimedia Internet Sources
Source: Ericsson
Consumers are 80% of 2G Usage Corporations are Supposed to be 80% of Early 3G
3G Is Estimated to Grow From 1.3% of the Wireless Market in 2002
to 23% in 2007
Nearly 30 Million I-Mode Subscribers in Japan
9.6 Kbps
Japan’s NTT DoCoMo is Initiating the First 3G System TODAY, October 1, 2001
• WCDMA
• I-Mode Users
• 384Kbps downlink
http://foma.nttdocomo.co.jp/english/
UCSD—Has Been First Beta Test Site for
Qualcomm’s 1xEV Cellular Internet• Optimized for Packet Data Services– Uses a 1.25 MHz channel
– 2.4 Mbps Peak Forward Rate
– Part of the CDMA2000 Tech Family– Can Be Used as Stand-Alone
• Chipsets in Development Support– PacketVideo’s PVPlayer™ MPEG-4– gpsOne™ Global Positioning System– Bluetooth– MP3– MIDI– BREW
Rooftop HDR Access Point
New Software Environments for Wireless Application Development
• Binary Runtime Environment for Wireless (BREW)– Works on Qualcomm CDMA Chipsets– Middleware Between
– the Application and the Chip System Source Code
– Windows-based Software Development Kit (SDK) – Native C/C++ applications will run most efficiently – Supports Integration of Java™ Applications– Different Model of Security from JAVA
www.qualcomm.com/brew/
UCSD Has First Operational Third Generation Cellular Internet in U.S.
Available Now
6 months
12 months
Wireless WAN
Goal: Smooth Handoff by Mobile Device Faced With Heterogeneous Access Network
WLAN GPRS
CDMA CDPD
Internet
(802.11b,a)
(CDMA20001xEV)
Identify Issues Related to Handoff Between WLAN and WWAN Networks
and Implement a Test-bed
Ramesh Rao, Kameshwari ChebrolouUCSD-CWC, Cal-(IT)2
Will The Planned Global Rollout of 3G Proceed as Planned?
• There is a Lack of 3G Global Standardization– Constrains Economies of Scale– WCDMA (Japan, Europe), CDMA2000 (USA)
• The Economics of Telecom – The Huge Debt Load– The Investment in 3G Buildout
– Is There a Business Case to Recoup?
• Technological Breakouts – IEEE 802.11 Buildout– 3G (Data-Only) Can Deploy Now (CDMA20001xEV)– Will They Skim the Cream of the 3G Market?
The NSF TeraGridPartnerships for Advanced Computational Infrastructure
NCSA8 TF
4 TB Memory240 TB disk
Caltech0.5 TF
0.4 TB Memory86 TB disk
Argonne1 TF
0.25 TB Memory25 TB disk
TeraGrid Backbone (40 Gbps)
SDSC4.1 TF
2 TB Memory250 TB disk
This will Become the National Backbone to Support Multiple Large Scale Science and Engineering Projects
DataCompute
VisualizationApplicationsIntel, IBM, QwestMyricom, Sun, Oracle
$53Million from NSF
Star Light International Wavelength Switching Hub
Seattle
Portland
Caltech
SDSC
NYC
SURFnet, CERN
CANARIE
Asia-Pacific
Asia-Pacific
AMPATH
TeraGrid
*ANL, UIC, NU, UC, IIT, MREN
AMPATH
Source: Tom DeFanti, Maxine Brown
Layered Software Approach to Building the Planetary Grid
Science Portals & Workbenches
Twenty-First Century Applications
Computational Services
Performance
Networking, Devices and Systems
Grid Services(resource independent)
Grid Fabric(resource dependent)
Access Services & Technology
Access Grid
Computational Grid
Edited by Ian Foster and Carl Kesselmanwww.mkp.com/grids
“A source book for the historyof the future” -- Vint Cerf
From Telephone Conference Calls to Access Grid International Video Meetings
Access Grid Lead-ArgonneNSF STARTAP Lead-UIC’s Elec. Vis. Lab
Creating a Virtual Global Research LabUsing IP Multicast
Web Interface to Grid ComputingThe NPACI GridPort Architecture
802.11b Wireless
Interactive Access to:• State of Computer• Job Status• Application Codes
Grid Requirements for Internet Middleware Systems
• Identity & authentication• Authorization & policy• Resource discovery• Resource characterization• Resource allocation• (Co-)reservation, workflow• Distributed algorithms• Remote data access• High-speed data transfer• Performance guarantees• Monitoring
• Adaptation• Intrusion detection• Resource management• Accounting & payment• Fault management• System evolution• Etc.• Etc.• …
Source: Carl Kessleman
IBM Adopts Open Source Globus!
“Peer-to-Peer” Distributed Computing Will Power Grid Applications
Client Software
Clients
Task Server
Application
Entropia is Integrating with the Globus Toolkit
Adding Brilliance to Mobile Clients with a Planetary Supercomputer
• Napster Meets SETI@Home– Globally Distributed Computing & Storage
• Assume Ten Million PCs in Five Years– Average Speed Ten Gigaflop– Average Free Storage 100 GB
• Planetary Computer Capacity– 100,000 TetaFLOP Speed– 1 Million TeraByte Storage
California Has Undertaken a Grand Experiment in Partnering
UCSBUCLA
The California NanoSystems Institute
UCSFUCB
The California Institute for Bioengineering, Biotechnology,
and Quantitative Biomedical Research
UCI
UCSD
The California Institute for Telecommunications
and Information Technology
The Center for Information Technology Research
in the Interest of Society
UCSC
UCD
UCM
Cal-(IT)2
An Integrated Approach to the New Internet
www.calit2.net
220 UCSD & UCI FacultyWorking in Multidisciplinary Teams
With Students, Industry, and the Community
The State’s $100 M Creates Unique Buildings, Equipment, and Laboratories
A Broad Partnership Response from the Private Sector
Akamai Boeing
BroadcomAMCC CAIMISCompaq
Conexant Cox Communications
DuPont Emulex
Enterprise Partners VCEntropiaEricsson
Global PhotonHewlett-Packard
IBMIdeaEdge Ventures
IntersilIrvine SensorsLeap Wireless
Litton IndustriesMedExpert
Merck Microsoft
Mission VenturesNCR
Newport CorporationOrincon
Panoram Technologies Printronix
QUALCOMMR.W. Johnson Pharmaceutical RI
SAIC SciFrame
Seagate StorageSilicon Graphics
Silicon Wave Sony
STMicroelectronicsSun Microsystems
TeraBurst Networks Texas InstrumentsUCSD Healthcare The Unwired Fund
WebEx
ComputersCommunications
SoftwareSensors
BiomedicalStartups
Venture Firms
$140 M Match From Industry
Prototyping Early Warning Systems and Disaster Response Systems
• Three Tier System– Wireless SensorNets Brings Data to Repositories– Collaborative Crisis Management Centers– Remote Wireless Devices Interrogate Databases
• Cal-(IT)2 Will Focus on High Performance Grids– Analysis, Collaboration, and Crisis Management– Broadband Wireless Sensornets– Metro Optical Network Testbed
• Build a “Living-in-the-Future” Laboratory– UCSD, UCI, and SDSU Campuses– San Diego, Orange County, Cross Border– Early Access to HW/SW from Industrial Partners
San Diego “Living on the Grid” LaboratoryFiber, Wireless, Compute, Data, Software
• High Resolution Visualization Facilities– Data Analysis– Crisis Management
• Driven by Data-Intensive Applications– Civil Infrastructure– Environmental Systems– Medical Facilities
• Distributed Collaboration– Optically Linked– Integrate Access Grid
• Overlay Wireless Internet– First Responder PDAs– SensorNets
SDSCSIO
Cal-(IT)2 SIOControl Room
Cox, Panoram,SAIC, SBC, SGI, IBM,TeraBurst Networks
UCSD HealthcareSD Telecom Council
Cal-(IT)2 Metro Optical
Laboratory
Web Browser - Portal Interface
Portal Engine User PreferencesState Values
Data Gather
XML HTML
Legacy and Problem Specific Databases, Collections, & Literature
Analysis Tools:- Pattern Recognition- GIS Queries- Data Mining- Multi-Sensor Fusion
Applications:- Epidemiology- Transportation Systems- ...
Common Portal ArchitectureCustomized for Crisis Management
Built on Prior SDSC and NCSA Work
The Wireless Internet Will Improve the Safety of California’s 25,000 Bridges
New Bay Bridge Tower with Lateral Shear Links
Cal-(IT)2 WillDevelop and Install
Wireless Sensor ArraysLinked to
Crisis Management Control Rooms
Source: UCSD Structural Engineering Dept.
Cal-(IT)2 Wireless Services Middleware: Emerging Pieces
Real-TimeServices
Mobile Code
LocationAwareness
PowerControl Security
Cal-IT2 Wireless Services Interface
UCI WirelessInfrastructures
UCSD WirelessInfrastructures
Cal-IT2 Applications
J. Pasquale, UCSD
Data Management
HP Grant Brings Wireless Internet Access to Large Number of UCSD Undergraduates
• Potential “Disintegration” of Campus Learning Culture– Anticipated Growth of 10,000 Students Over Next 10 Years
• Year- Long “Living Laboratory” Experiment– 500+ Wireless-Enabled HP Jornada PDAs – Incoming Freshmen in Computer Science and Engineering
• Software Developed– ActiveClass: Student-Teacher Interactions– Roamer/FindMe: Geolocation and Resource Discovery– Extensible Software Infrastructure for Others to Build On
• Deploy to New UCSD Undergrad College Fall 2002
Funds: HP, NSF, Campus, Cal-(IT)2
Mobile Code-Based Client-Serverfor the Active Web
• Client Is Extended by Injecting Code Into Internet• Extension Runs at Intermediate Server
– Higher Performance, Greater Reliability– Liberated From Client Device, Bypasses Wireless Link
• Current implementation: Java, JINI
move
communicaterespond
wireless wired
Joe Pasquale, CSE UCSD ActiveWeb Project
New Security Issuesin Mobile and Wireless Networks
• Location-based Access Control– If Alice Is in Country P, She Can Do X– If Alice Is in Country Q, She Can Do Y
– GPS? Need Tamper-Resistant Hardware…
• Group-Based or Group-Centric Security– How Can One “Speak” As a Group or a Fraction Thereof?– Admitting New or Expelling Existing Members– Issuing, Re-issuing Credentials
• Secure Commun. in Constantly Changing Groups– Group Needs Common Key: Key Distribution/Agreement– Authentication of Membership
– e.g., Alice Is in This ad Hoc Net Cluster at This Time
Source: Gene Tsudik, UCI
Image Processing /
Analysis
Traffic Data
Parking Lot and Traffic Information
to User
User Submits Destination Parking Lot
Query
Handheld Device
Video Feed of Parking Lot to Server
Wireless Camera
Agents Will Intermediate Between Us and the Grid
UCI Campus Parking and Traffic AgentSharad Mehrotra, UCI
Database Repository
Massive Datasets Available to Mobile Devicesin a Biomedical Imaging Research Network
Source: Mark Ellisman, UCSD
Part of the UCSD CRBS Center for Research on Biological Structure
Wireless “Pad” Web Interface
Surface Web
NCRR Imaging and Computing Resources UCSD
Cal-(IT)2SDSC
Deep Web
DukeUCLA
Cal Tech
Harvard
UCSD
Forming a National-Scale Grid Federating Multi-Scale Neuro-Imaging Data from Centers with High Field MRI and Advanced 3D Microscopes
BIRNBIRN
Cal-(IT)2 Plans for Adding Wireless Sensorsto Systems-on-Chip
Memory
Protocol Processors
ProcessorsProcessors DSP
Applications
Sensors
Source: Sujit Dey, UCSD ECE
EmbeddedSoftware
Radio
Critical New Role of Power Aware Systems
Internet
Ad Hoc Hierarchical Network of Brilliant Sensors
Investigating Collaboration with UC Berkeley and CITRIS on Smart Dust
• Sensing, computation, communication, and power in 1 mm3 • Kris Pister, Joe Kahn, Bernhard Boser, UC Berkeley
Smart Dust – UC Berkeley
Smart Dust ’01
Components Goal
The Perfect Storm: Convergence of Engineering with Bio, Physics, & IT
5 nanometersHuman Rhinovirus
IBM Quantum CorralIron Atoms on Copper
VCSELaser
2 mm
Nanogen MicroArray500x
Magnification
400x Magnification
Nanobioinfotechnology
As Our Bodies Move On-LineWe Become the Ultimate Ubiquitous Computer!
• New Sensors—Israeli Video Pill– Battery, Light, & Video Camera– Images Stored on Hip Device
• Next Step—Putting You On-Line!– Wireless Internet Transmission– Key Metabolic and Physical Variables– Model -- Dozens of 25 Processors and 60
Sensors / Actuators Inside of our Cars
• Genomic Individualized Medicine– Combine
– Genetic Code
– Body Sensor Data Flows
– Use Powerful AI Data Mining Techniques
www.givenimaging.com
www.bodymedia.com