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AS RANDOM EXAM
QUESTIONS
LIST 5 STRUCTURES OF A SYNOVIAL
JOINT.
MATCH THE NAME OF THE JOINT WITH ITS TYPE.
PIVOTWRIST HINGE ATLAS/AXIS
SADDLE ELBOW GLIDING
CONDYLOID VERTEBRAE THUMB
SHOULDER BALL & SOCKET
ARTICULATING BONES:
FILL THEM IN
SHOULDER 2
ELBOW 3
RADIO-ULNAR
2
WRIST 3
HIP 2
KNEE 2
ANKLE 3
FILL IN THE MISSING BLANKS
ACTION PERFORMED
JOINT ACTIVE MUSCLE
TYPE OF CONTRACTION
BICEP CURL
(DOWNWARD
PHASE)
LIST THE 4 MUSCLES THAT MAKE UP THE
QUADRICEPS.
STRENGTHENING EXERCISE
MUSCLE BEING WORKED
SHOULDER PRESS
LEG CURLS (UP)
HIP EXTENSIONS
TOE RAISES
BICEP CURLS
SQUATS (UPWARD PHASE)
BENCH PRESS
CRUNCHES
LIST 3 STRUCTURAL
AND
3 FUNCTIONAL
CHARACTERISTICS OF SLOW OXIDATIVE MUSCLE FIBRES
APPLY NEWTONS THREE LAWS TO A SPRINTER IN
THEIR BLOCKS.
LIST 3 PRINCIPLES MAKE AN OBJECT OR PERSON
MORE STABLE.
ANSWERS TO THE FIRST 10
QUESTIONS
LIST 5 STRUCTURES OF A SYNOVIAL JOINT.
• ARTICULAR CARTILAGE• PADS OF FAT• MENISICUS• LIGAMENT
• SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE• JOINT CAPSULE• SYNOVIAL FLUID
• BURSA
MATCH THE NAME OF THE JOINT WITH ITS TYPE.
PIVOT ATLAS/AXIS B & S SHOULDER
CONDYLOID WRISTHINGE ELBOW
GLIDING VERTEBRAESADDLE THUMB
ARTICULATING BONES:
FILL THEM IN
SHOULDER HEAD OF HUMERUS & GLENOID FOSSA OF
SCAPULA
ELBOW HUMERUS, RADIUS,ULNA
RADIO-ULNAR RADIUS/ULNA
WRIST RADIUS,ULNA,CARPALS
HIP HEAD OF FEMUR
ACETABULUM OF PELVIS
KNEE FEMUR TIBIA
ANKLE TIBIA, FIBULA,TALUS
FILL IN THE MISSING BLANKS
ACTION PERFORMED
JOINT ACTIVE MUSCLE
TYPE OF CONTRACTION
BICEP CURL
(DOWNWARD
PHASE)
ELBOW TRICEP BRACHII
CONCENTRIC
LIST THE 4 MUSCLES THAT MAKE UP THE
QUADRICEPS.• RECTUS FEMORIS
• VASTUS LATERALIS
• VASTUS INTERMEDIUS
• VASTUS MEDIALIS
STRENGTHENING EXERCISE
MUSCLE BEING WORKED
SHOULDER PRESS DELTOID
LEG CURLS (UP) BICEP FEMORIS
HIP EXTENSIONS GLUTEUS MAXIMUS
TOE RAISES GASTROCNEMIUS
BICEP CURLS BICEPS BRACHII
SQUATS (UPWARD PHASE) RECTUS FEMORIS
BENCH PRESS PEACTORALIS MAJOR
CRUNCHES RECTUS ABDOMINUS
LIST 3 STRUCTRAL AND 3 FUNCTIONAL
CHARACTERISTICS OF SLOW OXIDATIVE MUSCLE FIBRES.
STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS
FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS
SMALL/RED SLOW CONTRACTILE SPEED
MANY MITOCHONDRIA LOW CONTRACTILE STRENGTH
MANY CAPILLARIES HIGH FATIQUE RESISTANT
HIGH MYOGLOBIN CONTENT
HIGH AEROBIC CAPACITY
LOW GLYCOGEN STORES LOW ANEROBIC CAPACITY
APPLY NEWTONS THREE LAWS TO A SPRINTER IN THEIR BLOCKS.
FIRST LAW = LAW OF INERTIA E.G SPRINTER REMAINS IN BLOCKS UNTIL A FORCE
IS APPLIED
SECOND LAW = LAW OF ACCELERATIONE.G MORE FORCE APPLIED TO THE BLOCKS OR
AGAINST THE FLOOR WILL CAUSE GREATER ACCELERATION
THIRD LAW = THE ACTION/REACTION LAWE.G WHEN AN ATHLETE STARTS A SPRINT RACE
THEY DRIVE AGAINST THE BLOCKS AND THE BLOCKS DRIVE AGAINST THE ATHLETE.
LIST 3 PRINCIPLES MAKE AN OBJECT OR PERSON MORE
STABLE.
• THE LOWER THE CENTRE OF MASS THE MORE STABLE THE BODY
• THE BIGGER THE BASE OF SUPPORT THE MORE STABLE THE BODY
• THE CLOSER THE LINE OF GRAVITY TO THE CENTRE OF THE BASE OF SUPPORT THE
MORE STABLE THE BODY
NEXT EXAM QUESTIONS
• FORCE
• CARDIVASUCULAR
• RESPIRATORY
HOW WOULD YOU APPLY LINEAR AND ANGULAR
MOTION TO AN OBJECT?
APPLY NEWTONS SECOND LAW TO A FREE KICK IN
FOOTBALL
APPLY NEWTONS THIRD LAW TO THE TAKE OFF PHASE OF A HIGH JUMP
STROKE VOLUME
IS DETERMINED BY 3 MAIN FACTORS – NAME THEM.
THE MEDULLA OBLONGATA
HAS 3 CONTROL CENTRES – NAME THEM
A SA NODE 1 RESPONSIBLE FOR INCREASING HR
B AVERAGE RESTING Q 2 RELAXED/FILLING PHASE
C SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
3 INITATES THE CARDIAC IMPULSE
D VENOUS RETURN 4 EMPTYING PHASE
E SYSTOLE 5 5 LITRES
F DIASTOLE 6 DEOXYGENATED BLOOD RETURNING TO THE HEART
CONDUCTION SYSTEMPLACE IN ORDER(A) TRAVELS DOWN BUNDLE OF HIS
(B) CONTINUES UP & AROUND L & R VENTRICLE WALLS
(C ) SA NODE INITIATES CARDIAC IMPULSE WHICH:
(D) CONTINUES DOWN THE PURKINJE FIBRES
(E) PASSES THROUGH ATRIA WALLS
WHAT IS VASOMOTOR AND VENOMOTOR
CONTROL?
RESPIRATORY SYSTEMLUNG VOLUMES DEFINITION
TIDAL VOLUME
MINUTE VENTILATION
INSPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME
EXPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME
WHAT AIDS GOOD GASEOUS
EXCHANGE
A BOHR EFFECT 1 STIMULATES DIAPHRAGM TO CONTRACT
B HYPERVENTILATION 2 DETECT MOTOR MOVEMENT
C ALVEOLI 3 LOW pH CAUSING INCREASE IN DISSOCIATION OF O2 FROM Hb
D STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID
4 SITE OF GASEOUS EXCHANGE
E PROPRIOCEPTORS 5 RAPID INCREASE IN BREATHING RATE
F PHRENIC NERVE 6 MUSCLE FOR INSPIRATION
ROLE OF THE RESPIRATORY
CONTROL CENTRE
ANSWERS
HOW WOULD YOU APPLY LINEAR AND ANGULAR MOTION TO AN
OBJECT?
LINEAR= FORCE MUST BE APPLIED THROUGH THE BODY’S CENTRE OF MASS
ANGULAR = FORCE MUST BE APPLIED OUTSIDE THE CENTRE OF MASS
APPLY NEWTONS SECOND LAW TO A FREE KICK IN FOOTBALL
THE HARDER HE/SHE KICKS THE BALL THE FASTER AND FURTHER IT WILL GO IN THE DIRECTION IN
WHICH HE/SHE KICKED IT
APPLY NEWOTNS THIRD LAW TO THE TAKE OFF PHASE OF A HIGH JUMP
THE HIGH JUMPER EXERTS A DOWNWARD FORCE TO THE GROUND THAT EXERTS AN
EQUAL & OPPOSITE UPWARD FORCE TO THE JUMPER TO ALLOW THEM TO TAKE OFF
STROKE VOLUME IS DETERMINED BY 3 MAIN FACTORS –
NAME THEM.
• VENOUS RETURN VOLUME
• VENTRICULAR STRETCH
• VENTRICULAR CONTRACTILITY (FORCE OF CONTRACTION)
THE MEDULLA OBLONGATA HAS 3 CONTROL CENTRES – NAME
THEM
• CARDIAC CONTROL CENTRE
• RESPIRATORY CONTROL CENTRE
• VASOMOTOR CONTROL
A3 SA NODE 1 RESPONSIBLE FOR INCREASING HR
B5 AVERAGE RESTING Q 2 RELAXED/FILLING PHASE
C1 SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
3 INITATES THE CARDIAC IMPULSE
D6 VENOUS RETURN 4 EMPTYING PHASE
E4 SYSTOLE 5 5 LITRES
F2 DIASTOLE 6 DEOXYGENATED BLOOD RETURNING TO THE HEART
CONDUCTION SYSTEMPLACE IN ORDER(A) TRAVELS DOWN BUNDLE OF HIS
(B) CONTINUES UP & AROUND L & R VENTRICLE WALLS
(C ) SA NODE INITIATES CARDIAC IMPULSE WHICH:
(D) CONTINUES DOWN THE PURKINJE FIBRES
(E) PASSES THROUGH ATRIA WALLS
C E A D B
WHAT IS VASOMOTOR AND VENOMOTOR CONTROL?
VASOMOTOR = LOCATED IN THE MEDULLA CONTRICTS OR DILATES
THE ARTERIAL BLOOD VESSELS
VENOMOTOR = CONSTRICTS OR DILATES THE VENOUS BLOOD
VESSELS
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
LUNG VOLUMES DEFINITION
TIDAL VOLUME VOLUME OF AIR INSPIRED & EXPIRED PER BREATH DURING REST
MINUTE VENTILATION VOLUME OF AIR INSPIRED/EXPIRED IN 1 MINUTE
INSPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME VOLUME OF AIR THAT CAN BE FORCEFULLY INSPIRED AFTER NORMAL INSPIRATION
EXPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME VOLUME OF AIR THAT CAN BE FORCEFULLY EXPIRED AFTER NORMAL EXPIRATION
WHAT AIDS GOOD GASEOUS EXCHANGE
• VAST NETWORK ALVEOLI CAPILLARIES
• THIN MEMBRANE• MOIST LINING
• SHORT DIFFUSION PATH
A3 BOHR EFFECT 1 STIMULATES DIAPHRAGM TO CONTRACT
B5 HYPERVENTILATION 2 DETECT MOTOR MOVEMENT
C4 ALVEOLI 3 LOW pH CAUSING INCREASE IN DISSOCIATION OF O2 FROM Hb
D6 STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID 4 SITE OF GASEOUS EXCHANGE
E2 PROPRIOCEPTORS 5 RAPID INCREASE IN BREATHING RATE
F1 PHRENIC NERVE 6 MUSCLE FOR INSPIRATION
ROLE OF THE RESPIRATORY CONTROL CENTRE
• REGULATES BREATHING• STIMULATES
INSPIRATORY/EXPIRATORY MUSCLES