Article III –National Judiciary

1. Section 11. ____________________2. ____________________3. ____________________4. ____________________

2. Section 2 – Jurisdiction1. Clause I

1. subject2. parties

2. Clause 2 __________3. Clause 3 __________

3. Section 3 – Treason1. (2 part definition)2. _____________3._____________

The National Judiciary

Reference Chapter 18, Sections 1,2,4

The Constitution establishes the Supreme Court

The National Judiciary

• Judiciary Act of 1789 (Senate Bill #1)– Establishes district and circuit courts

1801

1802

1807

1837

1863

1869

1891

1911

1925…

Jurisdictionthe authority of a court to hear a case

• Original – the first court in which a case is heard.• Appellate – a court that reviews a previously tried

case

Supreme Court

12 “circuits”Court of Appeals

94 districtsDistrict Courts

Structure of Federal Court System

Jurisdiction- What kinds of cases are heard in federal courts?

• Cases with questions involving– The interpretation of the Constitution– Federal crimes as designated by Congress– Foreign diplomats– The US is a party to the case– Bankruptcy– Some state laws where the two parties are

residents of different states

What kinds of Cases are heard by District Courts?

• Criminal Law– Violations of federal law

• Bank robbery• Kidnapping• Mail fraud• Counterfeiting• Tax evasion

• Civil Cases– Dispute between 2

parties; not criminal• Bankruptcy• Civil rights• Public land uses• Postal issues• Tax issues

Other Special Courts(frequently called legislative courts)

Other Court Officers

• US Magistrates– Issue warrants, preliminary review, set bail…

• US Marshalls– “sheriff”- arrests, custody, serve papers,

courtroom order, civil disturbances• District attorneys and deputies– Government lawyers

• Court Clerks– Papers, records, etc.

A DUAL COURT SYSTEM

State Courts• Everything Else

– Criminal law– Civil law

Federal Courts• Cases

– Federal statutes– Constitution– Oceans

• Maritime,admiralty– US/foreign officials– Interstate – International

Jurisdictionthe authority of a court to hear a case

Exclusive concurrent

Homework

• Read and note 18.3 The Supreme Court p. 517-522

• Complete #1-5 p. 522