Art, Literature, Music on the AP Exam

• Well known pieces• Well known artists• Notable eras, movements• Need to recognize names of artists and the

movements with which they are associated• Need to be able to place works of art in proper

historical and/or artistic context• Need to understand the progressive nature and

related aspects of major movements

MC Q’s: Art, Music, Literature

• Will NOT ask you to simply identify• Will ask you to identify and place in context• Will ask you to identify by period or movement• Will ask you to relate to event, trend, era• Will ask you to analyze content and apply across

and/or through time• May also be cartoons, photographs, illustrations

The painting below, the “Gare Saint-Lazare” (1877) by Claude Monet is an example of which of the

following schools of painting?

• A. Abstract• B. Surrealism• C. Cubist• D. Impressionist• E. Baroque

The sculpture by Bernini shown below celebrates…

• A. a new interest in secular themes

• B. Lutheran veneration of saints

• C. the Calvinist cult of beauty• D. the reconciliation of the

papacy after The Council of Trent

• E. Catholic Reformation mysticism

ESSAYS: Art, Music, Literature

• For DBQ: A series of paintings, illustrations, excerpts that you will have to analyze the subject, content, context and apply to larger question in history.

• Ex: Test 1 AP Review guide• For Free Response Essay, more than likely a

comparative analysis question

The two pictures below suggest technological and urban transformations characteristic of modern Europe. Using the pictures as a starting point, discuss the extent the changes and their effects on working middle class Europeans in

the second half of the 19th century.

Compare and contrast the ways in which the two works of art express the artistic styles and political issues of their times

Compare the ways in which the two works of art below express the artistic, philosophical, and cultural values of their

time.

MAN POINTING, GIACOMETTI 1947David, Michelangelo, 1504

Major European Art movements

• Gothic• Renaissance --

Italian -- Northern

• Baroque• Rococo• Neo-classicism and Romanticism• Realism• Impressionism• Cubism• Expressionism / Surrealism / Abstract

Expressionism / Pop Art

Gothic

• 5th – 16th century Europe• Religious themes dominate• Fades in 15th & 16th century with rise of

Renaissance themes• 18th century revival is short lived

The Renaissance – 14th -17th centuries throughout Europe

• Techniques developed, adopted, refined:-- Realism and expressionism-- Perspective

-- Light and Shadowing -- Classicism-- Application of Mathematical principles

• Painting, Architecture, Sculpture, et al are revolutionized

• All modern artistic styles are a by-product• Not revolutionized in such a way again until the

Impressionists

Realism & ExpressionRealism & Expression

Expulsion fromExpulsion fromthe Gardenthe Garden

Masaccio, 1427Masaccio, 1427

First nudes sinceFirst nudes sinceclassical times.classical times.

PerspectivePerspective

First use First use of linear of linear

perspective!perspective!

The TrinityThe Trinity

MasaccioMasaccio

14271427

horizontal

vert

ical

Perspective!Perspective!

The Last Supper The Last Supper - da Vinci, 1498- da Vinci, 1498

Light & Shadowing/Softening EdgesLight & Shadowing/Softening Edges

Chiaroscuro

SfumatoSfumato

ClassicismClassicism

Greco-Roman influence.

Secularism & Humanism.

Individualism free standing figures.

Symmetry/Balance

Geometrical Arrangement of Figures

The Dreyfus The Dreyfus Madonna with Madonna with the the PomegranatePomegranate

Leonardo da Leonardo da Vinci, 1469Vinci, 1469

The figure as The figure as architecture!architecture!

Italian Renaissance major figures

• Giotto (1267-1337) A “Bridge” figure• Lorenzo Ghiberti (1378-1455)• Sandro Botticelli (1445-1510)• Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519)• Piero della Francesca(1452-1519) • Michelangelo (1475-1564)• Raphael (1483-1520)• Titian (1485-1576)

Madonna and Child

Giotto c. 1320

Ghiberti – Ghiberti – Gates of ParadiseGates of ParadiseBaptistry Door, Florence – 1425 - 1452Baptistry Door, Florence – 1425 - 1452

Birth of Venus – Botticelli, 1485

Madonna with the Yarnwinder

Leonardo da Vinci c.1500

The School of Athens – Raphael

Venus of Urbino – Titian, 1558

Northern Renaissance major figures

• Hieronymus Bosch (1450-1510)• Pieter Bruegel (1525-1569)• Albrecht Durer (1471-1528)• Hans Holbein (1497-1543)• Jan van Eyck (1400?- 1441) • El Greco (Spanish) (1541-1614)

HieronymusBosch

The Temptation

of St. Anthony

1506-1507

Bruegel’s, Parable of the Blind Leading the Blind, 1568

Albrecht Dürer • The greatest of German artists.

• A scholar as well as an artist.• His patron was the Emperor

Maximilian I.• Also a scientist– Wrote books on

geometry, fortifications, and human proportions.

• Self-conscious individualism of the Renaissance is seen in his portraits.

• Self-Portrait at 26, 1498.

Hans Holbein, the Younger

• One of the great German artists who did most of his work in England.

• While in Basel, he befriended Erasmus.– Erasmus Writing, 1523

• Henry VIII was his patron from 1536.

• Great portraitist noted for:– Objectivity & detachment.– Doesn’t conceal the

weaknesses of his subjects.

Artist to the Tudors

Henry VIII (left), 1540 Henry VIII (left), 1540 and the future Edward and the future Edward VI (above), 1543.VI (above), 1543.

Jan van Eyck

• The Virgin and Chancellor Rolin, 1435.

• More courtly and aristocratic work.– Court painter to the

Duke of Burgundy, Philip the Good.

Giovanni Arnolfini Giovanni Arnolfini and His Wifeand His Wife

(Wedding Portrait)(Wedding Portrait)

Jan Van Eyck,1434Jan Van Eyck,1434

Jan van Eyck Giovanni Arnolfini & His Wife

(details)

El Greco• The most important Spanish artist of this period was

Greek.• 1541 – 1614.• He deliberately distorts & elongates his figures, and

seats them in a lurid, unearthly atmosphere.• He uses an agitated, flickering light.• He ignores the rules of perspective, and heightens the

effect by areas of brilliant color.• His works were a fitting expression of the Spanish

Counter-Reformation.

El Greco’s, The Burial of Count Orgaz, 1586

El Greco

The View of Toledo

1597-1599

Art of the Baroque

• 17th and 18th century• Supersedes Mannerism of the Renaissance • Origins in Catholic Rome• Religious themes still dominate• Largely rejected in protestant areas of Europe• Strongly advocated pictorial clarity

Baroque

► 1600 – 1750.

►From a Portuguese word “barocca”, meaning “a pearl of irregular shape.”

►Implies strangeness, irregularity, and extravagance.

►The more dramatic, the better!

Baroque Style of Art & Architecture► Dramatic, emotional.

► Colors were brighter than bright; darks were darker than dark.

► Counter-Reformation art.

► Paintings & sculptures in church contexts should speak to the illiterate rather than to the well-informed.

► Ecclesiastical art --> appeal to emotions.

► Holland --> Real people portrayed as the primary subjects.

Major figures of the Baroque

• Caravaggio – Italian 1572-1610, painter • Gianlorenzo Bernini – Italian 1598-1680,

painter, sculptor, architect, extremely pious, papal knight at age 23 serves church and popes for rest of life

• Rembrandt van Rijn – Dutch, 1606-1669 painter (The Dutch School)

“The Flagellation of

Christ”

Caravaggio

Baldachin over the High Altar of St. Peter's,

1624-33Bronze and gold

(95 feet high)Vatican, Rome

Gianlorenzo Gianlorenzo BerniniBernini

Tomb of Alexander VII

1672-78

Gianlorenzo Gianlorenzo BerniniBernini

Doctor Nicolaes Tulp's Demonstration of the Anatomy of the Arm, Rembrandt, 1632

Masters of the Cloth Guild Rembrandt, 1662AP FRQ

Baroque Furniture

A Baroque Room