Post on 13-Jan-2016
APUSH Content Review #2
Unit 3 (Articles of Confederation, Constitution, Presidencies of Washington & Adams, Supreme Court Cases)
“Critical Period” & Early National Period
Review
Women emerged from the American Revolution with the new responsibility of:
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1. enjoying the vote
2. serving in local political office
3. becoming public school teachers
4. raising sons and daughters as good republican citizens
The Jay Treaty (1794) provided for
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1. the acceptance of American trade with the French West Indies
2. free navigation of the Mississippi
3. an ending of the impressment of American seamen
4. evacuation of English troops from their posts along the Great Lakes
The Land Ordinance of 1785 established what precedent for new territories ?
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1. town hall meetings
2. fair treatment of Indians
3. popular sovereignty
4. public funds for education
The Judiciary Act of 1789 created
1. a system of lower federal courts
2. elections for federal judges
3. the possibility of impeachment of federal officials
4. state courts
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The main purpose of the Alien and Sedition Acts was to
1. capture French and British spies
2. control the Federalists
3. silence and punish critics of the Federalists
4. keep Thomas Jefferson from becoming president
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Washington's Farewell Address in 17961. warmly endorsed the appearance of
political parties in America 2. warned against the dangers of
permanent foreign alliances 3. was delivered to a joint session of
Congress by Washington himself 4. proposed a two-term limitation on
the presidency 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
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While Chief Justice John Marshall presided over the Supreme Court, its decisions
1. generally protected states' rights 2. showed no bias toward either
"broad" or "strict" interpretation 3. laid the groundwork for a “loose"
interpretation of the Constitution 4. reflected the ideas of Thomas
Jefferson's Kentucky Resolutions 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
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Which best reflects the economic hardships of the "Critical Period"?
1. the Stamp Act Congress
2. the Northwest Ordinance
3. the Embargo Act of 1807
4. Shay's Rebellion
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The XYZ Affair involved 1. a French foreign minister's demand
for a bribe 2. the British refusal to evacuate forts
in the Ohio River Valley3. General Andrew Jackson's incursion
into Spanish-held Florida4. Aaron Burr's secret plot to detach
the western United States 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
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During the 1790s, Federalists and Republicans disagreed over all of the following EXCEPT
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1. the Bank of the United States 2. foreign policy toward England and
France 3. Hamilton’s funding & assumption
plan 4. democracy versus republicanism
The United States, 1783
Three Branches of Government
The supremacy clause establishes the Constitution (not the states) as the
"the supreme law of the land"
FederalismFederalism—state gov’ts & the national gov’t both have power
A state law cannot contradict a national law
Colonial Governments1607-1781
Articles of Confederation1781-1789
Constitution1789-present
Taxes
Taxes imposed by British crown & enforced by royal governors & tax collectors; County-courts could determine local tax rates
Left up to the individual states; central gov’t did not have power to tax but can request funds from states
Both the federal gov’t and the states have the power to tax (Federalism!)
Legislative Authority
Salutary neglect led to formation of colonial assemblies; Real authority rested with governor & king
Unicameral legislature; Each state has one vote in Congress but Congress is intentionally weak to leave most legislative decisions to the states
Bicameral legislature with House & Senate; States make laws too (Federalism!)
Executive Authority
Royal governors & king enforced laws; Governor’s councils advised the governor
No president; no authority has veto power over the states; State governors are powerless as well
President determined by Electoral College; Has veto power over Congress; Can make judicial appointments
Judicial Authority
Royal courts & county-courts; Judges chosen by royal governor
Judicial authority left up to state courts; Central gov’t has authority to handle disputes between states
Supreme Court established; Federal Courts given power to enforce federal law; State courts still in place
AdvantagesProvided for regional differences
Sovereign states; no tyrannical oppression
More powerful central gov’t and sovereign states; Federalism!
DisadvantagesColonies gradually lost ability to make local decisions (Parliamentary Sovereignty)
No power to tax, no national leadership, Difficult to amend constitution or pass laws
States cannot act in ways that conflict with national laws
Washington’s Cabinet Henry Knox, Secretary of War
Alexander Hamilton, Secretary of Treasury
Thomas Jefferson, Secretary of State
George Washington, President
Edmund Randolph, Attorney General
Hamilton (Federalist) Jefferson (Democratic-Republican)
Role of Government
A strong national gov’t is necessary; the “elite” should rule over the masses
The states should have power to protect the yeoman farmers from potential tyrants
Payment of National & State
Debts
The national gov’t should “assume” all state debts & should “fund” debts at full value;
States like Virginia who paid off their debts should not have to help more negligible
states pay off their debts
TariffsThe U.S. gov’t should tax imported goods to
generate revenue to pay off debts
The states should not be subject to national taxes; Import taxes hurt yeoman farmers
by making products more expensive
The U.S. Economy
U.S. gov’t should support build infrastructure to support manufacturing
U.S. is a land dominated by yeoman farmers whose interests need to be protected
Creating a National Bank
America needs a BUS to regulate currency & interest rates
The BUS is unconstitutional & places too much power in the hands of the elite
Interpretation of the Constitution
The elastic clause allows for a loose interpretation of the Constitution to fit the
needs of the nation
The national gov’t can only operate under the powers clearly expressed in the
Constitution
Whiskey Rebellion
The national gov’t can issue taxes to raise revenue; The Whiskey Rebellion is a
Republican plot to promote states’ rights
The national gov’t should npt taxes the states; The gov’t used the army to stifle
legitimate opposition to an unfair tax.
French Revolution
The U.S. should support England, not France, due to England’s superior
economic system
The U.S. should support France due to its conviction to liberty & assistance during
the American Revolution
Political Parties & Supreme Court Cases Review Sheet
ConstitutionReview
The group most likely to approve of the Articles of Confederation would be
1. former Continental army officers
2. those who feared strong central government
3. bankers, merchants, and financiers
4. those who feared the dangers of unrestrained democracy
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In Marbury v. Madison, John Marshall argued that the Supreme Court could:
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1. remove federal officials who would not or could not perform their duties
2. declare federal laws unconstitutional 3. uphold the authority of the federal
government over the states 4. determine cases involving interstate
commerce
In order to become a law, a bill in Congress must
1. receive a 2/3 majority of the votes in Congress
2. receive a 3/4 majority of the votes in each house of Congress
3. receive a 2/3 majority of votes in each house of Congress
4. pass both houses of Congress in identical form
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Which amendment was NOT part of the Bill of Rights?:
1. freedoms of speech, press, religion
2. trial by jury
3. protection against illegal search
4. direct election of senators
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According to the Constitution, the president is chosen by
1. the House of Representatives
2. popular vote of the people
3. the Electoral College
4. both Houses of Congress
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Those who opposed ratification of the Constitution were called
1. Whigs
2. Anti-Federalists
3. Republicans
4. Federalists
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Under the Constitution, the status of the Indian tribes in the west was
1. not clearly defined
2. that of conquered nations
3. that of independent nations
4. the same as states
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All were weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation government EXCEPT
1. it lacked the power to levy taxes
2. it lacked the power to regulate trade
3. it lacked the power to borrow money
4. it lacked a strong executive
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The central compromise of the Constitutional Convention involved the
1. balance of powers among the 3 branches of the federal government
2. relationship of state & federal powers
3. abandonment of the Articles of Confederation
4. representation of large & small states
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The first amendments to the Constitution, the Bill of Rights, were added to protect
1. the states from the power of the federal government
2. individual citizens from the power of the federal and state governments
3. minorities from the majority 4. individual citizens from the power of
the federal government 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
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The fact that the Constitution provided for federalism and checks and balances suggests 1. the original thirteen states sought to
dominate the national government 2. the writers desired the national
government to rule over the states 3. the American people at that time
supported a military government 4. its writers feared a concentration of
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Both the Articles of Confederation and the U.S. Constitution provided for
1. a Congress with legislative powers
2. a Supreme Court with judicial power
3. president with executive powers
4. local governments with veto powers
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According to the U. S. Constitution, revenue bills must originate with
1. the House of Representatives
2. the Senate
3. either house of Congress
4. the president
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In Constitution, each may be accomplished by a simple majority vote EXCEPT
1. Congress declares war
2. Congress passes a law
3. the Senate ratifies a treaty
4. the electoral college must select a president
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The “father of the Constitution” drafted the plan to replace the Articles of Confederation
and developed the “Great Compromise”
1. Alexander Hamilton
2. Thomas Jefferson
3. James Madison
4. James Monroe
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This part of the Constitution gives Congress the power to pass laws that are
"necessary and proper"1. Habeas Corpus
2. Elastic Clause
3. Federalism
4. Due Process
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Any power given to the national government based on the "elastic clause" and is not
directly stated in the Constitution is called a
1. Delegated power
2. Implied Power
3. Reserved Power
4. Enumerated Power
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This plan called for a national government with a bicameral legislature with members
proportional to each state’s population
1. Virginia Plan
2. New Jersey Plan
3. Albany Plan
4. Crittenden Plan
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A form of government in which power is shared by different political levels, as
between states and the national government
1. Separation of Powers
2. Democracy
3. Republicanism
4. Federalism
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The belief that the national government can exercise only those powers that are
specifically stated by the Constitution
1. Elastic Clause
2. Strict Construction
3. Loose Construction
4. Original Jurisdiction
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A Constitutional guarantee that persons under legal investigation receive fair treatment from government officials
1. Double Jeopardy
2. Self Incrimination
3. Due Process of Law
4. Habeas Corpus
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