Post on 09-Jan-2016
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April 8, 2013 – WNA Singapore Meeting
The International Regulatory SettingThe International Regulatory Setting for Safe Class 7 Transport for Safe Class 7 Transport
Paul GrayNordion Inc.Chairman, ISSPA
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Comprehensive Regulatory framework
for Transport Safety
Land transportRoad, Rail and Inland Waterway
Air
Sea
All 9 ClassesAll modes
Class 7All modes
The implementation of IAEA Regs into the Model and Modal Regulations
Regional: MERCOSUR/MERCOSUL (4)ADR (47), RID (45), ADN (17)
(159)
(190)
(192)
Strict (and complex!) Regulatory FrameworkStrict (and complex!) Regulatory Framework
IAEA issues specific regulations for IAEA issues specific regulations for RAM transport (SSR 6)RAM transport (SSR 6)
These are incorporated into the UN These are incorporated into the UN “Orange Book”, a set of transport “Orange Book”, a set of transport regulations for all Dangerous regulations for all Dangerous Goods (Classes 1- 9)Goods (Classes 1- 9)
Contents of Orange Book are Contents of Orange Book are interpreted into the modal interpreted into the modal regulations for each mode of regulations for each mode of transport: road, rail, air, sea, transport: road, rail, air, sea, inland waterways e.g. the inland waterways e.g. the (mandatory) IMDG Code (mandatory) IMDG Code
Regulations must be implemented in Regulations must be implemented in national laws, (often with slight national laws, (often with slight variations)variations)
UN Orange BookModel regulation
IAEASSR 6
ICAO-TI
Mandatory for Safety
Recommendation
Air Transport Regulator
Transport Industry (?)
Mainly package design approval regulator / some
transport regulator
IMO-IMDG
Minimum requirement for facilitation (?)
UNECE-ADR, AND, RID
MS with accession, ratification, etc to
Convention
Sea Transport Regulator
Expert of TDG/GHS
TRANSSC
IATA-DGR
Input from MS / Development of International Regulations
Transport Safety Regulations (SSR-6)Transport Safety Regulations (SSR-6)
TS-G-1.1 (Advisory Material) 2008
TS-G-1.2 (Emergency Response) 2002
TS-G-1.3 (RP Programmes) 2007
TS-G-1.4 (Management System) 2008
TS-G-1.5 (Compliance Assurance 2009
TS-R-1to become SSR6
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Sea TransportSea Transport
United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) (adopted in 1982)United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) (adopted in 1982)Safety Of Life At Sea Convention (SOLAS)Safety Of Life At Sea Convention (SOLAS)• SOLAS Convention 1974, entered into force on 25 May 1980• Carriage of Dangerous Goods in packaged form (by sea) shall be in compliance
the relevant provisions of the IMDG Code (Reg. 3 of Part A of Chapter VII of SOLAS Convention)
International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) CodeInternational Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code• Mandatory for the 159 contracting parties to SOLAS Convention• Amendment 34-08 includes the requirements of TS-R-1 (2005 edition) and
security provisions (and the recommendations) of 15th edition of UN Model Regulations.
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Sea Transport (continued)Sea Transport (continued)Code for the Safe Carriage of Irradiated Nuclear Fuel, Plutonium and High-Level Code for the Safe Carriage of Irradiated Nuclear Fuel, Plutonium and High-Level Radioactive Wastes in Flasks on board Ships (INF Code)Radioactive Wastes in Flasks on board Ships (INF Code)• Mandatory since 2001 through Reg. 15 in Part D of Chapter VII of SOLAS Convention• Ship carrying INF cargo complies with the INF Code requirements
International Ship and Port Facility Security (ISPS) Code International Ship and Port Facility Security (ISPS) Code • Chapter XI-2 of SOLAS Convention• Security provisions, not specifically on security of dangerous goods
Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Marine Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Marine Navigation (SUA)Navigation (SUA)• The 2005 Protocol to the 1988 SUA Convention expanded the scope to include
provisions on nuclear material.• Adopted in October 2005, entered into force on 28 July 2010.
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Air TransportAir TransportChicago ConventionChicago Convention
• On International Civil Aviation, Binding instrument (1947)• Annex 18 = international standards and recommended practices for the safe
transport of dangerous goods by air
Technical Instructions of ICAOTechnical Instructions of ICAO• Mandatory for the 190 contracting parties to Chicago Convention• 2011-2012 edition of the Technical Instructions of ICAO include TS-R-1 (2009
edition) and security provisions (and the recommendations) of 16th edition of UN Model Regulations
Dangerous Goods Regulations Dangerous Goods Regulations of IATAof IATA• Not mandatory• In practice, airlines continue to require compliance with IATA’s current DGR
(Updated every two years)
BasicBasic Safety Concepts – SSR-6Safety Concepts – SSR-6Goal is to protect persons, property and the environment through:•Containment of the radioactive contents.•Control of external radiation levels.•Prevention of criticality.•Prevention of damage caused by heat.
Basic Safety Concepts (continued) Basic Safety Concepts (continued)
““Safety in Depth” principle prescribed for transport of RAM: Safety in Depth” principle prescribed for transport of RAM: package performance, compliance with requirements, package performance, compliance with requirements, emergency responseemergency response
Where necessary, multiple barriers are engineeredWhere necessary, multiple barriers are engineeredbetween the material and the environmentbetween the material and the environment
IAEA performs audits to verify implementation inIAEA performs audits to verify implementation involunteer member States. Such TranSAS missions involunteer member States. Such TranSAS missions inPanama, Brazil, Turkey, United Kingdom, France, Panama, Brazil, Turkey, United Kingdom, France, Japan have shown high levels of excellence.Japan have shown high levels of excellence.
““Packaging” and “Package” are Terms of Packaging” and “Package” are Terms of vital importancevital importance in SSR-6 in SSR-6
Package - Package - The The packagingpackaging with its with its radioactive contentsradioactive contents as as presented for transportpresented for transport
Packaging - Packaging - The assembly of components necessary to The assembly of components necessary to enclose the enclose the radioactive contentsradioactive contents completely completely
+ =
PACKAGING PACKAGE
RADIOACTIVECONTENTS
Why Regularly Review Regulations?Why Regularly Review Regulations?
Need to review technical basisNeed to review technical basisShipment of large objects from decommissioningShipment of large objects from decommissioningExtreme hot and extreme cold increasing in frequencyExtreme hot and extreme cold increasing in frequencyResources such as copperResources such as copperDigital image recordingDigital image recordingCultural diversityCultural diversity
Package Options for Package Options for Transporting Radioactive MaterialTransporting Radioactive Material
Unpackaged Unpackaged Excepted packagesExcepted packagesIndustrial packages Types IP-1, Industrial packages Types IP-1,
IP-2, IP-3IP-2, IP-3Type A packagesType A packagesType B packagesType B packagesType C packagesType C packagesOtherOther
According to the activity, physical state and fissile nature of the radioactive material, several types of package are prescribed by IAEA regulations:
Graded ApproachGraded Approach
Graded approach to transport:Graded approach to transport:• Routine conditions – incident free• Normal conditions – minor mishaps• Accident conditions
Excepted Package Type A Package Type B Package
Type A Packages Have Design and Type A Packages Have Design and Performance Testing CriteriaPerformance Testing Criteria
Design RequirementsDesign Requirements• excepted package requirements • minimum external dimensions• tamper proof / security seal• Withstand temperatures -40°C to +70°C• recognized design standards• positive closing devices• containment system considerations• environmental pressure differentials• radiation shielding considerations• physical state of contents
Type B Packaging Functions Type B Packaging Functions
These are to:These are to:- - Remove heat Remove heat - Protect against impactProtect against impact- Seal the containerSeal the container- Provide gamma shieldingProvide gamma shielding- Neutron shieldingNeutron shielding- Hold the assemblies in placeHold the assemblies in place- Help with handling and tie-downHelp with handling and tie-down
Testing – Normal ConditionsTesting – Normal Conditions
Package tests for normal conditions:Package tests for normal conditions:Water Spray: Water Spray: simulates the effect of rain at the rate of 5 cm / hour for an hoursimulates the effect of rain at the rate of 5 cm / hour for an hourStacking: Stacking: simulates a compressive load equivalent to five times its own weightsimulates a compressive load equivalent to five times its own weightFree Drop: Free Drop: simulates minor mishandling by being dropped from 1.2 msimulates minor mishandling by being dropped from 1.2 m Penetration: Penetration: Simulates the penetration effect of a 6 kg steel bar dropped from 1 m, or Simulates the penetration effect of a 6 kg steel bar dropped from 1 m, or
from loading hooks or forklifts.from loading hooks or forklifts.
Testing – Accident ConditionsTesting – Accident Conditions
Type B and Type C packages are designed to withstand severe accident Type B and Type C packages are designed to withstand severe accident conditions.conditions.
Type B package tests for accident conditions:Type B package tests for accident conditions:
Mechanical: Mechanical: A drop of 9 m onto an inflexible surface and a drop of 1 m A drop of 9 m onto an inflexible surface and a drop of 1 m onto a steel pinonto a steel pin
Thermal: Thermal: Immersion for 30 minutesImmersion for 30 minutes in a 800 C firein a 800 C fireWater: Water: Immersion at 15 m underwater Immersion at 15 m underwater for 8 hoursfor 8 hours
Segregation, CSI, and TISegregation, CSI, and TI
Class 7 packages must be segregated from other packages,Class 7 packages must be segregated from other packages,from other dangerous goods, from undeveloped films,from other dangerous goods, from undeveloped films,from passengers etc. from passengers etc.
Transport Index (TI) is used to mitigate radiationTransport Index (TI) is used to mitigate radiationexposure and keep dose rates within allowable regulatory exposure and keep dose rates within allowable regulatory limits; it appears on a label affixed to the package or limits; it appears on a label affixed to the package or container container
Criticality Safety Index (CSI) is used to prevent any unsafe Criticality Safety Index (CSI) is used to prevent any unsafe accumulation of fissile packages. It appears on a label affixed accumulation of fissile packages. It appears on a label affixed to the package (or the container).to the package (or the container).
Segregation in ICAO Technical InstructionsSegregation in ICAO Technical Instructions
Provides minimum Provides minimum segregation distance segregation distance guidelinesguidelines• Based on sums of TI and
distances / locations of inner passenger cabin floors and flight decks
• Based on duration of flight
Correct Categorization of PackagesCorrect Categorization of Packages
Correct Labelling (on the package) and Correct Labelling (on the package) and Placarding (on the vehicle)Placarding (on the vehicle)
contamination checks4 Bq/cm² βγ
RAM Transport: Inspection Before Departure, RAM Transport: Inspection Before Departure, in Transit, and on Arrivalin Transit, and on Arrival