DGEEC

Ministry of Education and Science

PORTUGAL

Alexandre Paredes

Head of Unit

Statistics on S&T and Information Society

Overview

Part I

Main activities of the statistical office

R&D (Expenditure and Human Resources)

CIS (Community Innovation Survey )

CDH (Careers on Doctorate Holders)

Scientific Production

Observatory of Science, Technology and Qualifications

Part II

Impact of R&D expenditure on Employment: Micro evidence for Portugal2

Overview – Part I

Main activities of the statistical office

R&D (Expenditure and Human Resources)

CIS (Community Innovation Survey )

CDH (Careers on Doctorate Holders)

Scientific Production

Observatory of Science, Technology and Qualifications

3

DGEEC/MEC – Surveys and other data:

Science &Technology and Information Society:

• R&D Survey;

• CIS (Community Innovation Survey);

• CDH (Careers on Doctorate Holders) Survey;

• Scientific Production.

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Overview

Main activities of the statistical office

R&D (Expenditure and Human Resources)

CIS (Community Innovation Survey )

CDH (Careers on Doctorate Holders)

Scientific Production

Observatory of Science, Technology and Qualifications

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R&D Survey (IPCTN):

• Executed every two years between 1982 and 2007;

• Annual since 2008 (Commission Regulation No 995/2012);

• The survey is carried out according to the of Frascati Manual;

• Collects data on expenditure and human resources R&D

activities in the four sectors of performance: business

enterprise; government; higher education; and private non

profit sectors.

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R&D Expenditure

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Gross Domestic Expenditure on R&D as a percentage of GDP

Notes: (1) Amounts of Gross Domestic Product at current prices, (B.1*g) (Base 2006 - €); Quarterly - INE, Quarterly National Accounts. (2) Private non-profit sector (3) Totals may not match to the partial sum due toautomatic rounding. (p) Provisional data.Fontes: DGEEC/MEC, R&D Survey; INE, Labour Force Survey (Series 2011 - N.º), Yearly (Series1998 - N.º), Yearly .

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R&D Human Resources

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11

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R&D Expenditure in BES

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Level of concentration of R&D Expenditure in firms

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R&D Expenditure in Business Entreprise Sector

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R&D Expenditures in Firms: Services, 2011

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4%

45%

21%

19%

12%

Overview

Main activities of the statistical office

R&D (Expenditure and Human Resources)

CIS (Community Innovation Survey )

CDH (Careers on Doctorate Holders)

Scientific Production

Observatory of Science, Technology and Qualifications

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Community Innovation Survey (CIS):

• The CIS started in 1991 and the CIS2010 is the 8th statistical

operation (Commission Regulation No 995/2012);

• Is the main data source for measuring innovation in Europe;

• The survey is carried out according to the 3rd edition of Oslo

Manual;

• CIS is conducted every two years since CIS4 and DGEEC

participated in all CIS.

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CIS indicators on Innovation Union Scoreboard (IUS 2011)

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0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Non-R&D innovation expenditures(% of turnover)

SMEs innovating in-house (% ofSMEs)

Innovative SMEs collaboratingwith others (% of SMEs)

SMEs introducing product orprocess innovations (% of

SMEs)

SMEs introducing marketing ororganisational innovations (% of

SMEs)

Sales of new-to-market andnew-to-firm innovations as % of

turnover

CIS 4 CIS 2006 CIS 2008 CIS 2010

Source: DGEEC / MEC, Community Innovation Survey (CIS)

Evolution based on CIS indicators in Portugal

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Enterprises with technological innovation1 by economic activity

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Overview

Main activities of the statistical office

R&D (Expenditure and Human Resources)

CIS (Community Innovation Survey )

CDH (Careers on Doctorate Holders)

Scientific Production

Observatory of Science, Technology and Qualifications

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Careers on Doctorate Holders (CDH):

• Collects biographic, academic and professional data of doctorates holders living in

Portugal, and also data on international mobility and scientific production of doctorate

holders, thereby enabling the construction of internationally comparable indicators

based on a stable and internationally harmonized methodology;

• It is a sample survey stratified by sex, age class, field of science and year of doctorate

award addressed to all individuals who held a doctorate degree (ISCED level 6),

obtained anywhere in the world, lived (temporarily or permanently) in Portugal and

had less than 70 years old;

• Started in 2005 with a pilot survey (CDH04), and three more editions: CDH06, CDH09,

CDH12 (under execution);

• Is a taskforce between UNESCO and OECD.

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Doctorate Holders by sex (2006-2009)

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Doctorate Holders per thousand population (2006 -2009)

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Age at graduation (2006-2009)

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Time to completion the doctorate (2006-2009)

606262

60

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Men Women

CDH06

CDH09

‰

Source: DGEEC/MEC

Mo

nth

s

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Overview

Main activities of the statistical office

R&D (Expenditure and Human Resources)

CIS (Community Innovation Survey )

CDH (Careers on Doctorate Holders)

Scientific Production

Observatory of Science, Technology and Qualifications

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Scientific Production:

Statistical Series

• Analysis and characterization of the National Scientific System using

indicators;

• The main indicators are: evolution of number of publications distributed by

year, fields of science and by type of document; evolution of international

co-authorship by year, by country and by fields of scientific;

• Sources: Thomson Reuters, namely National Citation Report, Web of Science

and InCites.

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Scientific Production (cont.):

Bibliometric Indicators

• Analysis of the Portuguese publications impact and international

comparison.

• The main indicators are: impact evolution (total citations/number of papers;

cited papers; percent cited; impact relative to field; impact relative to

country) distributed by year and fields of science.

• Sources: Thomson Reuters, namely National Science Indicators and InCites.

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Scientific Production (cont.):

SciELO Portugal

• Is available since 2005.

• The objective is to increase the international visibility of the best

Portuguese journals, in order to achieve scientific excellence and

increased impact (three SciELO Portugal journals indexed in Web

of Science).

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Number of Scientific Publications in EU-15 and EU25 Vs Portugal by million population in 2001, 2005, 2011 e 2012

Sources: DGEEC/ MEC and Data of Population - Statistical Office of the European Communities (Eurostat)Data made in 14th November 2013 from Thomson Reuters / Web of Science - WoS (Science Citation Index - SCI)

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Number of Scientific Publications (SCI) in the European Union (2010) by million population in 2012*

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Number of publications by field of science (2005, 2011 and 2012*)

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Top 10 countries in co-authorship with Portugal 1990-2012 and 2012 *

Nu

mb

er

of

pu

blic

atio

ns

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Citation impact on the scientific field Portugal Vs EU-15 (2008-2012)

Notes: The relative impact of the field value is obtained by dividing the “Citation impact of all publications" by “EU-15 Impact field".Fields that have a value greater than 1 have a citation impact above the EU-15 average.Sources: DGEEC/MEC; InCitesTM - Global Comparision, Thomson Reuters (2013)

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Citation impact on the scientific field Portugal Vs World (2008-2012)

Notes: The relative impact of the field value is obtained by dividing the “Citation impact of all publications" by "World Impact field".Fields that have a value greater than 1 have a citation impact above the world average.Sources: DGEEC/MEC; InCitesTM - Global Comparision, Thomson Reuters (2013)

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Collection Evolution

2005 2011 2012 2013Annual Average

Growth Rate

Journals * 5 39 45 47 32%

Numbers 60 522 585 725 37%

Articles 616 5774 6521 8125 38%* Includes current and non-current titles

Source: DGEEC/MEC

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Overview

Main activities of the statistical office

R&D (Expenditure and Human Resources)

CIS (Community Innovation Survey )

CDH (Careers on Doctorate Holders)

Scientific Production

Observatory of Science, Technology and Qualifications

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Observatory of Science, Technology and Qualifications

The OSTQ is a joint project of the Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT) and

DGEEC/MEC with the purpose to study the national scientific and technological

capacity, particularly in regard to qualified human resources, their institutional

placement and the conditions for their settling in Portugal, in a manner that

complements and supplements the normal exercises of science and technology

surveys, encouraging external research teams to work in close collaboration with

the services of the Ministry of Education and Science responsible for gathering and

publishing statistics.

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Observatory of Science, Technology and Qualifications

The projects and activities to be performed should be guided by a set of

questions in the following areas:

• Observation of employment and mobility of the graduates;

• Graduate and PhD employment and mobility;

• Progress of the science, technology and innovation indicators;

• Economic and social Impact of science and technology.

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Observatory of Science, Technology and Qualifications

Projects:

• User Innovation;

• Mobility and employment of graduates in Portugal in the last

decade (2001-2011);

• Social mobility driven by higher education and S&T – the last 50

years (1960-2010).

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Overview – Part II

Abstract

Research questions

Literature

Data source

Descriptive statistics and Methodology

AbstractIn this study we analyze the impact of R&D expenditure on employment of private

firms. We use a unique database covering all firms that performed R&D in

Portugal over the eleven-year period 2001-2011, provided by R&D surveys, and

apply an econometric strategy. Using micro data we found some evidence of the

impact of R&D expenditures on employment, in accordance with previous

literature that used data at macro and meso levels, and assess the impact of R&D

expenditures on low-tech, medium-high-tech and high-tech sectors.

Key words: R&D, employment, firms, technological intensity

Research questions

What is the effect of R&D expenditure on employment changes in firms?

Is this effect different from industry to industry?

If so, what is the magnitude of this effect?

Data source

Data source: data from the R&D Survey - is a compulsory survey deliveredto all entities (public and private) that potentially perform R&D activities inPortugal;

Variables: expenditure (intramural expenditure, capital expenditure orinvestment, and wages); turnover; economic activity; scientific andtechnological area, socio-economic objectives, human resources (numberof employees; academic degree, and time devoted to R&D activities), andfirm age.

Data source (cont.)

Derived variables:

i) R&D intensity (share of expenditure on intramural R&D onturnover);

ii) share of employees with a degree;

iii) share of researchers on the total of employees;

iv) wage per researcher;

v) employment growth.

Descriptive statistics and Methodology

Using econometric models, including OLS (Ordinary Least Squares), we intend to estimate

employment growth as a function of a set of variables namely R&D intensity, share of researchers

on the total of employees, wage per researcher and the growth of the number of employee with a

degree.

Descriptive statistics and Methodology

Descriptive statistics:

Variable Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD

R&D intensity ,151664 ,2545772 ,262918 ,3133008 ,052302 ,1188328 ,077510 ,1881689

% researchers 27,83 55,114 43,23 64,589 13,88 40,017 16,20 61,679

% employees with a degree 42,69 34,156 69,34 27,966 21,10 20,900 32,21 31,124

employment growth 9,01 50,670 14,92 47,610 4,32 52,523 17,45 277,744

wage per employee* 5,35 12,418 8,49 16,851 2,51 4,436 2,82 7,805

*Figures are in thousand euros

Services Manufacturing

High-tech

Variable

Services &

ManufacturingLow-tech

Table 1: Descriptive statistics

Descriptive statistics and Methodology

Correlation matrix: Low-Tech Sector

Descriptive statistics and Methodology

Correlation matrix: High-Tech Sector

Contacts

alexandre.paredes@dgeec.mec.pt

www.dgeec.mec.pt

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