How do the curriculum designs guide student’s learning experiences?

How can these designs guarantee students’ optimum learning and desirable outcomes?

How can these designs address learners’ interest and growth?

The curriculum should be build upon the learners’:

The philosophy underlying this curriculum design is that the child is the center of the educational process.

Interest

Abilities

Purposes

Needs

Rousseau’s philosophy is the necessity of leaving the child to his or her own devices; he considered creativity and freedom essential for children’s growth.

Sees that intrinsic motivation is developed when learners’ interest are carved in the curriculum.

These schools are geared towards addressing the learners’ needs and interests

Jean Jacques Rosseau

Johann Pestalozzi

Friedrich Froebel

Maria Montessori

These schools are geared towards increasing purposeful activities without losing learners’ interest.

Children rather than miniature adults, become the focus of educational effortsExperience rather than rote learning, become the medium of learning

Research assumed significance in the planning for the developmental needs of childrenChildren’s motivation in learning was recognized

Reporting on children’s progress became descriptive

For the first time, teacher education on a board scale became professional education

The creative energies of teachers and children were released

Educational expectations and standards were custom made in terms of each child’s abilities and potentials

Rigid-grade organization was abandoned along with traditional promotion policies

Low student: teacher ratio (1:10 or less

Multi-age groupings with a focus on the peer modeling and reinforcement

Students have the same teacher for three years allowing for long-term, trusting relationships

Child is free to move about room, interacting with anyone

Everything is introduced experientially with manipulatives

Environment is maintained by children with a focus on personal responsibility and pro-social skills

Sensorial activities are systematically used to refine coordination, discrimination and vocabulary

Use of texts are for reference; lessons and activities are teacher-made

Practical life activities used to develop sense of order, cooperation, concentration and independence

Writing precedes reading

Phonetic, sight vocabulary and whole language are all used to meet individual needs and learning styles of children

Interdisciplinary approach is used for art, music, history, physics, ecology, zoology, botany, geography, anatomy, chemistry, foreign language, physical education

Math concepts and processes are introduced early

Daily lesson plans are

determined by each child's

needs

Lessons are given 1:1 or in small groups

Internally motivated; children work because they want to

Work continues until a child masters a concept

Child-centered activity and curriculum

Non-competitive processes; no reference to other students' "grades" or "scores"

Child chooses work and works as long as he/she wants, allowing for self-monitoring and concentration

Hands are considered a pathway to the brain and a mechanism to understand abstraction

Children are introduced to concepts first; details are learned after a concept is mastered

A new respect for the child is fundamental

A new freedom of action is provided

The whole activity is divided into units of work

The recognition of the need for using and exploring many media for self-recovery and self-discovery and self-direction is embraced.

Anchored on the curriculum design which prescribes different and separate subjects into one broad field.

A rigid curriculum, based on specific courses, which mandates specific amounts of material to be covered over specific periods of time—regardless of student abilities or interests

Considers the following:

The primary focus is the subject matterThe emphasis is on bits and pieces of information which are detached from life.

The continuing pursuit of learning outside the school is not emphasized. Learning should only take place inside the classroom.

The subject matter serves as a means of identifying problems in living.

Subjects are a logical way to organize and interpret learning.

Such organization make it easier for people to remember information for future use.

Teachers are trained as subject-matter specialists

Textbooks and other teaching materials are usually organized by subject

Each learner must excel in all academic fields in order to be on the top of the rank in every competition.

Everyone must master the subject matter content.

The higher the level of cognitive intelligence, the better for the learner.

Each child must be excellent in all fields of discipline.

The school gives emphasis to intellectual development and sets aside emotional and psychomotor development.

Success means mastery of the subject content.

This approach is based on a curriculum design which assumes that in the process of living, children experience problems.Is focused on the societal issues that

has indirect impact to students learning.

Authentic experiences serve as a rich ground in engaging students in a

The curriculum leads the learners in the recognition of concerns and problems and in seeking solutions. The learners are considered problem solvers

The learners are prepared to assume their civic responsibilities through direct participation in different activities.

The learners are capable of directing and guiding themselves in resolving problems, thus they become independent learners.

Problems persistent with life and society that affect daily living are also considered

Case study as a method of teaching is popularly utilized.

Learner should be trained to solve real life problems that come about because of the needs, interests and abilities of the learners.

Most of the school activities revolve around solutions to problems like poverty, drug problems, deterioration of positive values, environmental concern and many more

Practical work as a solution to the problem is also used, thus development of business skills, social skills, construction skills to solve specific problems are given emphasis.