Post on 28-Mar-2020
E N A B L I N G S C A L A B L E , E F F I C I E N T , A N D S A F E A C C E S S T O A I R S P A C E
A I R S P A C E I N T E G R A T I O N
Parimal Kopardekar, Ph.D.NASA Senior Technologist for Air Transportation System
Parimal.H.Kopardekar@nasa.gov
C U R R E N T A I R S P A C E O P E R A T I O N S
S M A L L U N M A N N E D A I R C R A F T S Y S T E M S
V E R T I C A L T A K E O F F A N D L A N D I N G ( V T O L S )
C U R R E N T N A T I O N A L A I R S P A C E S Y S T E M U R B A N A I R M O B I L I T Y : S M A L L D R O N E S T O L A R G E R P A S S E N G E R C A R R Y I N G
V T O L S
EconomyAffordabilityUbiquitous
S
a
f
e
t
y
A
c
c
e
s
s
Efficiency Scalability
1
2
3
4
5
6
SmallUnmannedAircraftSystems
UrbanAirMobility
SubsonicTransportAviation
HighAltitudeOperations(upperE)
SupersonicsandHypersonics
CommercialSpaceOperations
AirN
avigatio
nService
Provider
A I R S P A C E U S E R T Y P E S A R E I N C R E A S I N G
Flight Information Managemen
t System (FIMS) - FAA
Constraints, Directives
Operations, Deviations
Requests, Decisions UAS Service Supplier
UAS Service Supplier
UAS/Urban AirService
Supplier (USS)
National Airspace System - ATM
Supplemental Data Service Provider
Supplemental Data Service Provider
Supplemental Data Service Provider
• Terrain• Weather• Surveillance• Performance
Inter-USS communication and
coordination
Inter-data provider
communication and coordination
Public Safety
Public
• Operations• Constraints• Modifications• Notifications• InformationOperation requests
Real-time information
NAS state
NAS impacts
Common data
Other Stakeholders
Operator Function
ANSP Function
Color Key:
Urban airOperator
UASUASUAS
Urban AirOperator
UAS Operator…
UASUASUAS UASUASVTOL
Extension of UAS Traffic Management
NAS Data Sources
B A S I C A R C H I T E C T U R E
U R B A N A I R M O B I L I T Y A I R S P A C E I N T E G R A T I O N P R I N C I P L E S
• No burden on current system
• Cooperative and interoperable with other users
• Performance and risk-based
• Efficient
• Safe
• Scalability and sustainability
NEED A Difference picture
B U I L D O N T H E F O U N D A T I O N O F
U N M A N N E D A I R C R A F T S Y S T E M T R A F F I C M A N A G E M E N T ( U T M )
CLOUD-BASED SERVICES (WEATHER, TRACKING, TRAJECTORY)
DEMAND/CAPACITY COORDINATION
SCHEDULING
SPACING
SEPARATION
AIRSPACE AND TRAFFIC CONSTRAINTS
C O N N E C T E D S Y S T E M F O R S C A L A B I L I T Y
A I R M O B I L I T Y O P E R A T I O N S
C E N T E R
S U P P O R T S E R V I C E S S U P P L I E R
A I R N A V I G A T I O N
S E R V I C E P R O V I D E R
A I R C R A F T
“U T M "S Y S T E M
U S E R D E M A N D
SUPPORT SERVICE SUPPLIERS
WEATHERTRACKING
SEPARATION3D MAPSSPACING
COMMUNICATION
AIRCRAFT
SEPARATIONLAST/FIRST 100 FT
ENHANCED FLIGHT RULES
AIR NAVIGATION SERVICE PROVIDER
DIRECTIVESDEMAND/CAPACITY
MANAGEMENTAIRSPACE CONSTRAINTS
MANAGED BY EXCEPTION
OPERATIONS CENTER
TRAJECTORY PLANNINGSCHEDULING OPERATION
DYNAMIC ROUTINGFLIGHT AND FLEET
MONITORINGCONTINGENCY
SUPPORT
F L E X I B I L I T Y W H E R E P O S S I B L E , S T R U C T U R E W H E R E N E C E S S A R Y
R E S E A R C H T O D E T E R M I N E S E R V I C E S , P E R F O R M A N C E N E E D S , A U T O M A T I O N C A P A B I L I T I E S F O R S C A L E D O P E R A T I O N S
“UTM"SYSTEM
Infrastructureresources
Operationscenter- fleet
Airspaceoperations
VehiclePriorityofcertainvehicles
• Airworthiness• Healthandstatus• Performance…
Schedulesatvariousresources
• Demand• Network…
Autonomyalonewillnotleadtoefficiencyandlarge-scaledisturbancemanagementConnectivityiscrucial– air/ground/cloud/infrastructureintegrationwillbekey
• Performanceandrisk-based• Scheduling,spacing,separation• Wx anddisturbancemanagement…
• Availability– real-timeandprediction…
C O N N E C T I V I T Y I S K E Y
E M B R A C I N G I N N O V A T I O N I N A V I A T I O N W H I L E R E S P E C T I N G I T S
S A F E T Y T R A D I T I O N
Parimal.H.Kopardekar@nasa.gov
Space Traffic Management
High Altitude UTM (upper E)
Conventional Manned Aviation (Class A, B, C, D, E)
Urban Air Mobility
Low-altitude small UAS
• Cooperative• Intent-sharing• Digital: data exchanges among
operators• Standardized application protocol
interfaces• Air/ground integrated • Service-oriented architecture• Role for third parties
U T M S T Y L E A I R S P A C E O P E R A T I O N S E N V I R O N M E N T
• Architecture, roles/responsibilities and technology thatallows self-management as much as possible
• Air traffic control interacts indirectly for the majority offlight - for constraints and directives, and airspacechanges
• Operator plans and schedules operation through UTM
• Tracking via wireless, satellite, ADS-B, or beacon-basedsystems connected through UTM
• Air-ground-cloud integrated system for scalability(spacing, separation, flow management, etc)
• Last/first 100 feet for safe and automated take-off andlanding
• Vertiport design and operations for multiplesimultaneous arrivals and departures
A I R , G R O U N D , C L O U D I N T E G R A T E D O P E R A T I O N S A N D S Y S T E M
P A T H F O R S C A L A B I L I T Y
C R A W L - W A L K - R U N A P P R O A C H
Low-density: Initial Operational Capability
• Helicopter routes using today’s procedures
• Entry into controlled airspace thru UTM
• Users: conflict-free trajectories and own tracking
Medium-density: Interim Operational Capability• User creates conflict-free trajectories• Interoperable, cooperative, and intent sharing• Self-managed operations
High-density: Mature Operational Capability• Fully-autonomous planning, scheduling, separations,
entry/exit controlled airspace, interoperability, andcontingency management
• Multiple, simultaneous take-offs and landings
R E S E A R C H N E E D E D T O I D E N T I F Y R E Q U I R E M E N T S F O R S C A L E D O P E R A T I O N S
• Scalable en route and arrival/departure operations
• Cooperative and interoperable operations
• Design of vertiports with multiple vertipads
• Weather tolerant operations (75% delays are due to Wx)
• Off-nominal conditions and contingency operations
• High winds, wind shears, up drafts, etc.
• Power depletion
• Bird strikes
• Requirements (e.g. reserve fuel)
• Integrated air/ground/cloud/infrastructure connected system
R E S E A R C H