APBiologySummerAssignment2018-2019Mrs.Davis

sdavis@spellman.comIfatanypointthissummeryouhavequestionsorconcernspleaseemailme.WelcometoAPBiology!Thiscourseisdesignedtobetheequivalentofatwo-semesterintroductorybiologycourseusuallytakeninthefirstyearofcollege.Inotherwords,it’salittlelikedrinkingfromafirehose!HopefullyyouLOVEbiology!Itwillbearewardingexperience,butaswithmostthings,itwillalsobechallenging.Throughoutthecourse,youwillbecomefamiliarwithmajorrecurringideasthatpersistthroughoutalltopicsandmaterial.The4BigIdeasofAPBiologyBigIdea1:Theprocessofevolutiondrivesthediversityandunityoflife.BigIdea2:Biologicalsystemsutilizefreeenergyandmolecularbuildingblockstogrow,toreproduceandtomaintaindynamichomeostasis.BigIdea3:Livingsystemsstore,retrieve,transmitandrespondtoinformationessentialtolifeprocesses.BigIdea4:Biologicalsystemsinteract,andthesesystemsandtheirinteractionspossesscomplexproperties.Assignment #1: Intro email to sdavis@spellman.com by July 1st (10 points) This is your opportunity to introduce yourself to me, and for me to learn about you. This assignment is an email to me, your teacher, not a text to a friend. Include the following information:

1.-Who you are. What you want to be when you “grow up”. (Career / College Major) 2.-Describe 3 of your strengths and 3 weaknesses 3.-Describe something important to you 4.-What are you looking forward to next year? Why? 5.-What do you anticipate will be your biggest challenge in this class? 6.-Have you already taken, or will you be taking Anatomy & Physiology next year? 7.-How do you learn best? 8.-What do you expect of me as your teacher?

Assignment #2: Ecology Unit - Chapters 52 - 55 - due dates listed on assignments Assignment #3: Biological Scavenger Hunt - due Aug. 27th Assignment #4: Root words, Prefixes, and Suffixes - due 1st full day - Sept 7th DO NOT WAIT TOO LATE INTO THE SUMMER TO BEGIN THESE ASSIGNMENTS!

Assignment #2: Textbook assignment - Ecology Unit - Chapters 52 - 55 Duedatesandpointvalueslistedforeachchapter.EmailanswersasaWorddocbytheduedatelisted.Textbook:APEditionCampbellBIOLOGY9thEdition ISBN#10:0131375040or13:9780131375048Readtheecologychaptersinthetextbook.Chapters52-55.Answerthequestionsforeachchapter.Answersshouldbetyped,writtenincompletesentences,anddemonstrateyourunderstandingoftheconcepts.ThoroughanddetailedexplanationsareESSENTIALtobesuccessfulinAPBiology.Chapter52AnIntroductiontoEcologyandtheBiosphereDueJuly9th(46points)1. Defineecology.Explainwhyaresearchstudyansweringthefollowingquestionwould

beclassifiedasanecologicalstudy:Howdoesthegrazingdensityofbisonaffectthespeciesdiversityingrasslandprairies?(4)

2. Explainwhythelandareaaroundtheequator(O°latitude)iswarmandwet.(2)3. Thefollowinggraphsarecalledclimatogramsbecausetheyrepresentthemonthly

changesinclimate(temperatureandprecipitation)throughoutanentireyear.Thebargraphrepresentsprecipitationandthelinegraphrepresentstemperature.Whattypeofbiomedoeseachclimatogramrepresent?Justifyyouranswers.(12)

4. Explainthemajordifferenceinhoworganismsobtainfoodinthephoticzoneandthe

benthiczoneofanaquaticecosystem.Giveanexampleforeach.(6)5. DescribetheseasonalturnoverofwaterinalakeinthenortheasternUnitedStates.

Whywouldn’tyouexpectalakeneartheequatortoexperienceseasonalturnover?(6)6. Determinetheaquaticbiomeassociatedwitheachcharacteristic.Justifyyouranswer.

(12)a. Variabilityinwatersalinitylevels.b. Highlightpenetrationandlownutrientlevels.c. Highvariabilityintemperature,salinity,andairexposure.d. Lowoxygenlevelsandphotosyntheticallyproductive.

7. Explainwhythefollowingstatementisfalse:“AllcommunitiesonEartharebasedonprimaryproducersthatcapturelightenergybyphotosynthesis.”(4)

Chapter53PopulationEcologyDueJuly23(40points)1. Thediagramontherightrepresentsa

populationandeachdotrepresentsanindividualinthatpopulation.Theareainwhichthepopulationexistsis2kmx1km.Largecircles=adults.Smallcircles=juveniles.Redcircles=females.Bluecircles=males.Describethefollowingcharacteristicsofthepopulation.(6)

a. Densityofthepopulationb. Dispersionpatternc. Agedistribution

2. Whatinformationwouldyouneedaboutthispopulationtoanalyzeitsdemographics?(4)

3. Whatarethemaindifferencesbetweenanexponentialgrowthmodelandalogisticgrowthmodel?(6)

4. Explainthemeaningofeachofthefollowingtermsinthelogisticmodelofpopulationgrowth:(6)

a. rmaxb. K–Nc. (K-N)/K

5. Distinguishbetweenr-selectedpopulationsandK-selectedpopulation(6)6. Explainhowdensity-dependentanddensity-independentfactorsmayaffectpopulation

growth.(6)7. Explain,withexamples,howbioticandabioticfactorsmayworktogethertocontrola

population’sgrowth.(6)Chapter54CommunityEcologyDueAug.6th(44points)1. Statethecompetitiveexclusionprinciple.(4)2. Defineanecologicalnicheandrestatethecompetitiveexclusionprincipleusingthe

nicheconcept.(4)3. UseFigure54.3todescribethefundamentalandrealizednichesofbothChthamalus

andBalanus.(4)4. Describeonemajoradaptationforeachofthefollowingorganisms:(8)

a. Beaverb. Porcupinec. Cactusd. JumpingSpider(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PQbScg3r1oQ)

5. Explainhowcrypticcolorationandaposematiccolorationmayaidananimalinavoidingpredators.(4)

6. DistinguishbetweenBatesianmimicryandMüllerianmimicry.(4)7. Summarizetwohypothesesthatexplainwhyfoodchainsarerelativelyshort.Explain

theexperimentalevidencethatsupportstheenergetichypothesis.(6)8. Explainhowdominantandkeystonespeciesexertstrongcontroloncommunity

structure.Describeanexampleofeach.(6)9. Distinguishbetweenprimaryandsecondarysuccession.(4)Chapter55EcosystemsandRestorationEcologyDueAug.20th(66points)1. Describethefundamentalrelationshipbetweenautotrophsandheterotrophsinan

ecosystem.(4)2. Explainhowthefirstandsecondlawsofthermodynamicsapplytoecosystems.(6)3. Explainhowdecompositionconnectsalltrophiclevelsinanecosystem.(4)4. Explainwhytheamountofenergyusedinphotosynthesisissomuchlessthanthe

amountofsolarenergythatreachesEarth.(4)5. Defineandcomparegrossprimaryproductionandnetprimaryproduction.(10)6. Explainwhynutrientsaresaidtocycleratherthanflowwithinecosystems.(6)7. Namethemainprocessesdrivingthewatercycle.(4)8. Namethemajorreservoirsofcarbon.(4)9. Describethenitrogencycleandexplaintheimportanceofnitrogenfixationtoallliving

organisms.Namethreeotherkeybacterialprocessesinthenitrogencycle.(8)10. Describehowagriculturalpracticescaninterferewithnitrogencycling.(4)11. Describethecausesandconsequencesofacidprecipitation.(4)12. Explainwhytoxiccompoundsusuallyhavethegreatesteffectontop-levelcarnivores.

(4)13. Describehowincreasedatmosphericconcentrationsofcarbondioxidearechanging

Earth’sheatbudget.(4)

Assignment#3-BiologicalScavengerHunt

PhotoPowerPoint–dueAugust27th

Forthisassignment,youwill“collect”25photographicexamplesofbiologicalterms/concepts.Selectany25oftheitemsfromtheBiologicalScavengerHunt/CollectionList.Thiswillintroduceyounotonlytothelanguageofbiology,butalsoemphasizethatbiologyissomethingthat’sDONEnotjustmemorized.Alistofyour25“collected”itemsistobeemailedtomeasaWorddoc.byAug.27thInaddition,youwillbesavingyouractualphotosinaPowerPointpresentation.YouwillbeforwardingtomeyourPowerPoint,duethesameday,Aug.27thDirectionsfortheBiologicalScavengerHunt/PhotoPowerPoint:1st-Iwantyoutohavefunwiththisproject!1. “Collect”anitembytakingapictureofit.Define,inyourownwords,thebiological

term/concept.Alsowithinacoupleofstatements,explainhowthepicturerepresentsthetermorconcept.UsetheBiologicalScavengerHuntCollectionListbelowtoselectterms/conceptsthatyouwishtouse.

2. Uploadthephoto,definition,andexplanationtoaPowerPointpresentation.3. Usethe“ContentwithCaption”slidelayout.Seesamples.4. Becreative.Ifyouchooseanitemthatisinternaltoaplantoranimal,likephloem,you

couldsubmitaphotographofthewholeorganismoracloseupofonepart,andthenexplainwhatphloemisandspecificallywherephloemisinthespecimen.

5. UseoriginalphotosONLY.YoucannotuseanimagefromanypublicationorfromtheInternet.Youmusttakethephotoyourself.Thewaytoprovethatthephotoisyourworkistohavesomethinginyourpicturethatrepresentsyou.Thiscouldbeakeychain,pen,bracelet,smalltoy,etc.Submitapictureofyouwithyourproofobjectasyourfirstslide.Soyouwillhave26slidesintotal.

6. Youshouldonlyusenaturalitems.Takeawalkinyourneighborhood,gotothezoo,goforahikeinthewoods,gotothebeachetc.Humansarenaturalitemsandmaybeused,butonlyfortwoentries.

7. Thisisanindividualproject.Whilebrainstorming,discussing,andevengoingoncollectingadventurestogetherwithclassmatesisencouraged,youritemsandphotosaretobeunique.Withover90conceptchoices,probabilitysaysthereisaveryslimchancethatanytwostudentswillhavethesameitemschosenfromtheirlist.

8. Becarefulandrespectful!Nevertouchplantsoranimalsyouareunfamiliarwith.Don’tkillorhurtanyorganisms.Don’tremoveanyorganismsfromthenaturalenvironment.

9. Ifyouhaveanyquestionspleasejustemailme.

BiologicalScavengerHunt/CollectionList1.Adaptationofananimal2.Adaptationofaplant3.Altruisticbehavior4.Amnioticegg5.Analogousstructures6.Animalthathasasegmentedbody7.Antherandfilamentofstamen8.Archaebacteria9.Asexualreproduction10.ATP11.Autotroph12.Auxinproducingareaofaplant13.Basiodiomycete14.Batesianmimicry15.Bilateralsymmetry16.Biologicalmagnification17.C3Plant18.C4Plant19.CAMPlant20.CalvinCycle21.Cambium22.Cellularrespiration23.Coevolution24.Commensalism25.Connectivetissue26.Cuticlelayerofaplant27.Detritivore28.Dominantvs.recessivephenotype29.Ectotherm30.Endosperm31.Endotherm32.Enzyme

33.Epithelialtissue34.Ethylene35.Eubacteria36.Eukaryote37.Exoskeleton38.Fermentation39.Flowerovary40.Frond41.Gametophyte42.Geneticvariationwithinapopulation43.Geneticallymodifiedorganism44.Gibberellins45.Glycogen46.Gymnospermcone–maleorfemale47.Gymnospermleaf48.Hermaphrodite49.Heterotrophy50.Homeostasis51.Homologousstructures52.Hydrophilic53.Hydrophobic54.Introducedspecies55.Keystonespecies56.Krebscycle57.K-strategist58.Lichen59.Lipidusedforenergystorage60.Littoralzoneorganism61.Long-dayplant62.Matingbehavior(becareful!!-NOThumans!)Stoplaughing!63.Meristem

64.Modifiedleafofaplant65.Modifiedrootofaplant66.Modifiedstemofaplant67.Mullerianmimicry68.Mutualism69.Mycelium70.Mycorrhizae71.Niche72.Parasitism73.Parenchymacells74.Phloem75.Pollen76.Pollinator77.Population78.Predation79.Prokaryote80.R-strategist81.Radialsymmetry(animal)82.Redoxreaction83.Rhizome84.Seeddispersal(animal,wind,water)85.Spore86.Sporophyte87.Stigmaandstyleofcarpel88.Succession89.Taxis90.Territorialbehavior91.Tropism92.Unicellularorganism93.Vestigialstructures94.Xylem

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ExampleEntriesforPhotoPowerPoint:

UseContentwithCaptionsslidelayout!

Noticethetoygiraffeinthepicturesbelow.Thisisthisstudent’sproofobjectandisusedtodemonstratethatthephotographsareindeedtheiroriginal,thatthephotoisnotcut/pastefromtheInternet.Makesureyouhaveproofobjectineachofyourphotos.

Assignment #4: Root words, Prefixes, and Suffixes Aprintedcopyoftheassignmentisduethefirstdayoffullclass–September7th. (57 points) For each root, prefix and suffix below find a vocab word that contains that word element, and know the definition of that word. Find words that fit the definition of the word element. All of the word elements found below pertain to terms used in AP Biology.

Ex: Cardio- means heart; a cardiologist is one who studies hearts.

Word Element Meaning Vocab Word Definition of vocab word

a-, an- not, without, lacking, deficient

Aero- Air

Amyl- Starch

Arthr- Jointed

-ase Enzyme

Auto- Self

Bi- (Latin) Two, twice

Bi, bio (Greek) Life, living

Carcin- Cancer

Carn- Meat, flesh

Cata- Breakdown, downward

Centi- Hundredth

Chem- Dealing with chemicals

Chloro- Green

Co- With, together

Cotyl- Cup

-cul-, -cule Small, diminutive

Cyto-, -cyte Cell, hollow container

De- Away from, down

Derm- Skin

Di-, dipl- Two, double (Latin)

di-, dia- Through, across, (Greek) apart

Echin- Spiny; prickly

En-, endo-, ent- Into, in, within

Epi- Upon, above, over

Eury- Widen

Ex- Out of, away from

Glyco- Sugar

Hapl- Simple

Herb- Grass, plants

Hetero- Different, other

Homo- (Greek) Same, alike

Hydr- Water

Hyper- Above, beyond, over

Hypo- Below, under, less

Inter- Within, inside

Intra- Between

Iso- Equal, same

-kary- Cell nucleus

Lact- Milk

Lip- Fat

-logy Study of

-lys, -lyt, -lyst Decompose, split, dissolve

Mes- Middle, half, intermediate

Met-, meta- Between, along, after

Micro- Small, millionth

Milli- Thousandth

Mito- Thread

Mono- One, single

Multi- Many

Omni- All

-ose Sugar

Ov- Egg

Oxy-, Oxi- Sharp, acid, oxygen

Permea- Pass, go

Phag- Eat

Photo- Light

Phyl- Related group

-phyll Leaf

Phyt-, phyte- Plant

Pino- Drink

Plasm-, -plast- Form, formed into

Poly- Many, multiple

Post- After, behind

Re- Again, back

Sacchar- Sugar

Semi- Half, partly

Solv- Loosen, free

Sub- Under, below

Sym-, syn- Together

Telo- End

Therm- Heat

Trans- Across

-troph- Nourishment, one who feeds

Uni- One

-vor- Devour, eat

Xero- Dry

Xyl- wood

Ather- Fat deposit

Bronch- Windpipe

Capill- Hair

Cardi- Heart

cerebr- Brain

coel- Hollow

-crine To secrete

-cyte cell

dendr- tree

derm- Skin

dorm- Sleep

-emia blood

epi- upon; above; over

erythro- Red

-flex- To bend

-gam- Marriage

gastr- Stomach

hepar-; hepat- Liver

leuc-; leuk- white; bright; light

Lip- Fat

mela-; melan- black; dark

mut- Change

my- Muscle

nephro- Kidney

neur- Nerve

ov- Egg

pulmo- Lung

ren- kidney

Sarco- Muscular

-scribe; -script Write

Som-; somat- Body

Synaps; Point of contact; synapt- to join

trache- Windpipe

Trans- Across

Vas; vasculo- Blood vessel

zyg- Joined together