“Betontex” : Composite Materials System for Construction...

Ardea srl - Prof. Lino Credali

“Betontex” : Composite Materials System for Construction, Strengthening and Reabilitation;

The L’Aquila Experience .

Prof. Lino Credali - Ing. Gianluca Ussia

Ardea Progetti e Sistemi S.R.L. - Bologna

ATHENS – EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING LABORATORY

Thursday , February 24, 2011

ARDEA PROGETTI e SISTEMI s.r.l. Ardea Progetti e Sistemi S.r.l. is a leading Italian Company,

created in 1993 with a high level of specialization in FRP applications

Marine Applications (Mine hunters, American Cup Racing

Boats) Aerospace Components (Antenna, Mechanical Components) Sport Helmets and Balistic Protection Sports Tools (Ski, Sport Cars Frame, Motobike Wheels) Application in Structural Buildings Recovery- Construction Fiber Waving and Prepregs Resins Formulation Chemistry and Spinning of High Modulus Fibers

Ardea Organization ARDEA PROGETTI

E SISTEMI S.r.l.

PRODUCTION AND

SALES DESIGN

TECHNICAL SERVICE

FIBERS WAVING

FTS s.p.a.

Ardea S.r.l.

Design Technical Service

Ardea S.r.l.

RESINS

FORMULATION Ardea S.r.l.

Applications Technical

Service Ardea S.r.l.

FRP - COMPOSITE MATERIALS Composites Materials were created in the ’50

as an answer to existing technical needs

related to the Aerospace Competition, in terms of : Very High Mechanical Properties Lightness High Fatigue Resistance High Corrosion Resistance Taylor Made designed materials

Composites History

In the ‘50 the large development of synthetic fiber technology (nylon, polyesther, acryrilic) made possible the intruduction of high performance fibers in the market:

- Glass Fibers (1955)

- Aramid Fibers (Kevlar) (1965-1970)

- Carbon Fibers (1970-1980)

- Ceramic, Bore, LCP fibers (1980)

Fibers Properties

Tensile Modulus (GPa)

WHAT ARE COMPOSITES MATERIALS (FRP)

MATRIX + REINFORCE = COMPOSITE

- FIBRE provides the Strength and Stifness - MATRIX provides the shape and transfers forces to fibers Matrices: Polymeric Resins, Metal, Ceramic Reinforces: Glass, Carbon, Aramid, LCP , Continuous Filaments Fibre Matrice

In Composites : σc = σf x Vf + σ m x Vm Ec =Ef x Vf + E m x Vm

Prof. Lino Credali 7 Ardea Progetti e Sistemi S.r.l

1992-SCAFO eVELE Moro di VeneziaNEEDS

Lightness and rigidity of the hull

SOLUTION

Sandwich Structure

Skin in Carbon fiber

Lamina crossed unidirectional fabrics Thickness 2 mm

Core: Nomex Honney

1989 Hull and sails of American Cup Racing Boats

CARBON SAILS (Credali and Cayard Patent, 1992)

Needs: To combine carbon

brittleness with sail flexibility and folding capacity (1992)

Solution: A combination of a carbon

fabric with a flexible plastic film (Polyolefine)

Carbon fiber gives rigidity The plastic film gives

flexibility and folding capacity, by reducing the bending diameter of the fiber.

RUOTE PER MOTO SUPERBIKE

1988-1993NEEDS:

Rigidity and crash resistance

SOLUTION:

Hybrid Composites Based on Carbon and Aramid Fiber

Motobike World Championship Wheels

The use of composites for structural recovery in construction starts in 1986 in Japan for the repair of buildings damaged by earthquakes.

In 1993 laboratory tests begin in Italy at University of Bologna followed by large scale commercial applications ( from 1996).

In 2004 The Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) published the National Regulation Rules for Composites Application in Construction. • CNR DT 200/2004 for concrete and masonery

structures • CNR DT 201/2005 for wood structures • CNR DT 202/2005 for steel structures

Composites in Construction

COMPOSITES IN CONSTRUCTION Main Properties

High mechanical properties. Carbon fiber are five time more resistant compared to steel.

Lightness. Density of the fiber 1,8g/cm3 - compared to steel 8 g/cm3.

No invasivity. Reinforce is applied on the external surface with a very low thickness 1-2 mm.

No corrosion. No maintenance is required.

High fatigue resistance. High dissipation of deformation and vibration energy (earthquakes and heavy traffic vibrations)

Seismic Retrofit : taking advantage of Lightness and High Mechanical Properties

Reversibility. Reinforces can easily removed without structure damage. Easy application. Thanks to low weigth does not need handling

apparata.

Fiber Selection

Material selection is related to:

Mechanical model of damage

Quality of existing materials

Reinforce performance required

(Durability)

Structural model of carbon fiber at different level of thermal treatment

(1100° and 2000° C)

Unidirectional

fabrics

Wire: is formed by 12.000

macrofibers

Bidirectional

fabrics

Carbon Fiber Reinforcement

Lamina

Fiber: Carbon

∼70% of volume

Matrix: Epoxy Resin

∼ 30% of volume

Glass Fibers

Aramid Fibers

R & D Ardea is devoting many efforts in

research and development. Many important Patents have been filled.

BETONTEX ®: thermo welded fabrics

ARDFIX ®: Connectors ARDWOOD ®: wood reinforcing

system Betontex Tie: Walls reinforcement,

prestressing systems

Betontex® Products

Thermowelded dry fabrics for in “situ” lamination, carbon, aramid, glass and hybrid fibers

Unidirectional biax and multiax fabrics from 300 g/m2 to 600 g/m2

Thermowelded biax net from 150 to 300 g/m2

Rods; Connectors

Pultruted Lamina

Cable Ties

Epoxy resin systems

New Resin Systems, water based, no burning

Reinforcement Application by Hand Lay Up

1 – Surface cleaning and reconstruction 2 – Epoxy Primer layer 3 – Epoxy mortar 4 – Impregnation Epoxy resin - 1° layer 5 – Reinforcing Fabrics 6 – Impregnation Epoxy resin - 2° layer 7 – Blasting of quartz sand for other treatments 8 – Plaster or Paint Protection

Application drawing:

Primer

Adhesive Epoxy

LAMINA

1-Epoxy Primer Application over support surface

2-Epoxy Adhesive should be applied both over beam surface and over lamina

Lamina Application by epoxy adhesive

Reinforcement application by Lay Up and Lamina

USE OF EPOXY RESINS

EPOXY RESINS ARE BICOMPONENTS

Component A Resin

Component B Hardener

Hardened Resin C

Liquid A Liquid B Crosslinked Solid Structure C

Outside Reinforce : Application of reinforce at exterior side of structure will contribute: Tensile strength : Strength is given to materials (Concrete, massonery) that do not show this properties. Cracks Confining : cracks opening is prevented Structure confining : Columns and buildings belting .

BETONTEX Application Examples in Construction

All described solutions have been adapted in retrofitting of “L’Aquila” after the earth

quake of 2008

After ten years of experience in composites in construction, the following applications can be indicated

CONCRETE STRUCTURES: Beams and Slabs reinforcement to flexure and share Pillars and columns reinforce to compression and flexure Arches and galleries reinforcement Belting of building structure Cracks propagation control

MASONRY STRUCTURES: Cracks diffusion control in walls Walls reinforcement Pillars reinforcement Arch and vaults reinforcement Belting of Buildings

Applications Design

MASONRY

Fiber reinforcement application example Bracing wall

Masonry

Fiber Reinforcement

Application of fiber reinforcement

in a concrete and bricks house

Fiber reinforcement of masonry building is mainly made by belting (Reinfocement rings)of the complete building;

The example is related to a villa in Bologna (2000); The hooping reinforcement

concept is now a conventional application of fibers in masonry constructions.

Facade reinforcement GRAND HOTEL of ALASSIO

Outside and Inside reinforcement are connected by Ardfix System

Windows and Doors Lintels Reinforcement – Grand Hotel of Alassio- Italy

Ardfix Connectors between outside and inside fiber tapes

Original design: hundred steel connectors for m2

Carbon Fiber Design

MASONRY WALLS reinforcement examples

Application Design

BEAMS AND SLABS: BENDING AND SHEAR

EXAMPLES OF BEAM REINFORCEMENT

Bending

reinforcement

Shear and Delamination

Control with U shaped tapes

Shear and Delamination Control with Ardfix Connectors

University of Bologna Politecnico of Milano

Università di Bologna

LABORATORY TESTS ON BEAMS

HIGHWAY BRIDGES BEAMS REINFORCEMENT OVER TEVERE RIVER, 1997

BEAMS REINFORCEMENT TO SHEAR

Application design

Vaults: Extrados - Intrados Arches: Intrados

General Diagram for Vaults Reinforcement

Reinforcement Fiber Tapes may be positioned at extrados or intrados of the Vault

Longitudinal Tapes

Transverse Tapes

Escalator Vault: Intrados application of unidirectional fiber tapes

PROSPECTIVE VIEW

Escalator Vaults: Unidirectional Fiber Tapes Positioning for Cross Vaults

VIEW OF VAULTS after strengthening with unidirectional carbon fibers

CROSS VAULT

PAVILION VAULT: Extrados Positioning of Fiber Tapes

EXTRADOS VIEW

VAULT OF DUOMO IN CARPI Spherical Vault Extrados Fiber strengthening

INTRADOS ARCH REINFORCEMENT Connection between intrados and

horizontal reinforcement with U shape tape

FACADE AND ARCHES REINFORCED BY FIBER TAPES

Applications Design

COLUMNS and PILLARS

SQUARE PILLARS

COLUMNS OF CINEMA CAPITOL - BOLOGNA

CIRCULAR COLUMNS

Concrete Columns and beams reinforcement

Alba, 30 Novembre 2007 54 Ardea Progetti e Sistemi S.r.l

Concrete Columns and beams reinforcement Status before rehabilitation

Concrete Columns and beams reinforce after rehabilitation

PILLARS REINFORCEMENT EXAMPLES

COLUMN AT DUOMO OF CARPI - ITALY

The carbon coating has been perfectly molded on column without increasing thickness

A surface sand treatment has given the perfect original appearance

NEW DEVELOPMENT BETONTEX TIE

BETONTEX ARAMID TIE HM are cables made by aramid fibres, with a “core” of carbon fibres

the two ends are protected to abrasion by Dynema fibers and connected to a steel forked pin

External Protection with High Modulus Polyester Fibers Sensor for stretch monitoring under research ( Nanocyl Project)

Betontex Tie placed to secure the Tambour of “Anime Sante” Chatidral at l’Aquila , damaged by the

earthquake of 2008

Tie weight =3,5 kg 38 m

Tie length =38m

Betontex Ties have been applied by specialized technician lowered by an helicopter.

Tie tensile strength = 18 Ton

Tested tensile strength = 15 Ton

Suggested tension

for prestressing = 5000 kg

BETONTEX TIE: Prestressing

of vaults at “REALE ALBERGO DEI POVERI”(NAPOLI) Prof. Croci Design

CITY WALL OF BASSANO: RISTILLATURA ARMATA CON ARAMID/CARBON CABLE

APPLICATIONS DESIGN

Outside and inside reinforces in a wall: Connections (ARDFIX SYSTEM)

Reinforcement Technology: Carbon Fiber Rods

Fiber Rods can be used in combination with unidirectional tapes:

1. To create a connection across the wall 2. To encrease the adhesion by a connector between fiber

tape and wall A good example is the ARDFIX SYSTEM

ARDFIX CONNECTOR ACROSS THE WALL

BALCONADE REINFORCE DRAWING IN COSTIGLIOLE: THE CITY PALACE

The application drawing comprises:

Fiber tapes application Ardfix Connectors to main

BALCONADE REINFORCE DRAWING IN COSTIGLIOLE: THE CITY PALACE

ARDFIX TEST UNIVERSITY OF

FLORENCE

ARDFIX TEST

FLEXURAL TEST

ARDFIX TEST

RESULTS Tipo trave

Pmax [kN]

F 1(Pmax) [mm]

F 2(Pmax) [mm]

F3(Pmax) [mm]

Trave T1 64.70 32.18 18.30 17.73

Trave T3 90.76 39.67 22.53 22.28

Trave T4 88.75 39.23 21.74 19.84

Trave T5 85.36 39.00 20.74 21.64

Trave T6 81.99 29.86 18.41 17.50

Trave TQ 32.56 40.95 20.02 18.83

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 500

100Travi T1 - T5 - T6 - T3 - TQ - T4

spostamento [mm]

T1T5T6T3TQT4

Ardea srl - Prof. Lino Credali 26/11/2012 76 Ardea Progetti e Sistemi S.r.l

ARDWOOD® ARDWOD® is a reinforcement system for wood structures by elements confined with carbon fibres. Advantage of Ardwood technology are: •ligthness; •No invasivity; •High mechanical properties with improvement of rigidity; •Easely applied; -The System may be used in combination with intradoss reinforcement connected by ARDFIX® connectors.

WOOD REINFORCE TESTS UNIVERSITY OF TURIN

Grafico carico-deformazione

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70Deformazione (mm)

Tal Quale

Carboniointr.

Ardwood

Ardwood +carbonio intr.

Laboratory test made at Politecnico di Torino by Prof. Pistone and Lino Credali

Some Application Examples

Main Work from 1998 to 2011

Rinforzo Complesso monumentale

Ex Corte Benedettina di Legnaro (PD)

Rinforzo Timpano Biblioteca Basilica S. Antonio (Padova)

GRANDE HOTEL DI ALASSIO

CORDOLATURA ABSIDE CHIESA DI ROCCAVIONE CN

VOLTE DUOMO DI CARPI: RINFORZO ESTRADOSSO

Rinforzo estradosso volte - Basilica S. Petronio (Bologna)

CHIESA DI OSTERIA GRANDE BOLOGNA

Quadro Fessurativo

Schemi di Progetto

Rinforzo Volte Scuderie - Reggia di Venaria Reale (TO)

CONSOLIDAMENTO VOLTE PORTICATO DI VIA INDIPENDENZA - BOLOGNA

SCHEMA RINFORZO DI UNA BALCONATA COSTIGLIOLE-PALAZZO COMUNALE

SANTA MARIA DELL’AQUILA - SORANO

STRUTTURE IN TUFO: Basilica di SOVANA (GR)

Messa in Sicurezza Paramenti della Basilica S. Pietro (Bologna)

BASILICA DI VICOFORTE (CN)

RINFORZI STRUTTURE C.A.

RECUPERO EX OFFICINE SAVIGLIANO C.SO MORTARA - TORINO

RINFORZO PONTE IN C.C.A.

PARCO REGGIA DI RACCONIGI (CN)

ARDWOOD® ARDWOD® è un sistema di rinforzo per strutture lignee con elementi confinati in fibra di carbonio. I vantaggi della tecnologia ARDWOD® sono: •Leggerezza; •Scarsa invasività; •Elevate prestazioni meccaniche, con aumento di rigidezza dell’elemento rinforzato; •Facilità di messa in opera; •Sinergia con la struttura esistente. •Il sistema può essere combinato con rinforzi in fibra di carbonio in zona tesa e solidarizzato alla trave esistente con connettori ARDFIX®.

Rinforzi strutture lignee

Luce di Calcolo m 7.05 Larghezza della trave B cm 25

Altezza della trave H cm 38 Interasse trave i m 3.20 Larghezza dei travetti b cm 10

Altezza dei travetti h cm 14 Carico agente sulla trave Q

daN/m 2000

Freccia(prima) calcolo elastico

cm 8.02

Progetto

Risultati

La freccia misurata a puntelli eliminati è stata di 0,2 cm

S. MARIA MAGGIORE TRIESTE

ARDEA RINGRAZIA PER L’ATTENZIONE

Ardea Progetti e Sistemi Srl Via Cristoni 58 - La Meridiana

40033 Casalecchio di Reno (BO)

Tel 051-6133190 Fax 051-6112231 E-mail: ardeaprogetti@betontex.it

Web: www.betontex.it

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