Post on 10-May-2018
Anupana
Asst.Professor
P.G. Dept. of Rasashastra & Bhaishajya Kalpana
BVVS Ayurved Medical College, Bagalkot
Email- arunhavinal05@gmail.com
Contents
• Introduction
• Definition
• Objective
• History
• Synonyms
• Types
• Properties
• Mechanism of action
• Anupana dravya with examples
• Modern corelation
• Research articles
• Own research view
• Summary
• Conclusion
• References
Introduction
ÌlÉÂÌ£ü-
AlÉÑmÉÉlÉ = AlÉÑ + mÉÉlÉ
AlÉÑ = mɶÉÉiÉ mÉÉlÉ = ÌmÉoÉåiÉ
• The word anu indicates the meanings like
asyaathaha, pashchaat, sadrushyam, lakshanam,
bhaagaha, heenaha,sahaarthaha, aayaamaha,
sameepam and paripaatee.(after, afterwords, there
upon, again, further, behind, then, next, along,
alongside, lengthwise, over, through, etc)
Definition
“AlÉÑ xÉWû mɶÉÉiÉ uÉÉ mÉÏrÉiÉå CirÉlÉÑmÉÉlÉÈ”
Anupana is a substance, which is taken along with or after
the intake of oushadha or aahaara dravya.
तत्तद् रोगघ्न भषैज्यम् भेषजस्यानुपियते यच्च सहायकारी स्याद् अनुिानम्
तद् उच्यते। -Rasatarangini
The one which reduces the ailment by augmenting action of
medicine, when taken along with it is known as anupana.
• यद् नियतकालम ्विधििशात ् पीयते तत ्अिुपािम।् (astanghridaya)
That which is taken at specific time and specific method
is anupana.
• The dictionary meaning of anupana is the one which is taken
along with or after medicine.
• The Paana which is consumed after Oushadha and
Bhakshana is anupana.
Objective
• To know about Anupana and its importance.
History
The reference of the word Anupana is not directly
available in Vedic period. But can be traced with the help
of different aspects like aachamana, the paana which is
taken for some of the regimens to cure the diseases.
Vishnu puraana, it is mentioned that while consuming
aahaara, the jala has to be taken in between and after
the food. In Garuda puraana, shaali tandula choorna
with ksheera.
In samhita kaal, all the samhita’s had explained
regarding anupana and its importance .
In Ashtanga Hridaya it is mentioned in Matrasitiya
adhyaya.
In Ashtanga samgraha it is mentioned in Sutra Stana-
Virudhannavijnaniya.
In Susrutha samhitha there is a varga known as Anupana
varga is explained in sutrasthana.
In Charaka sutrasthana, detailed description of different
anupana’s including asava’s mentioned.
In the medevial period, Sarngadhara also mentioned
probable mode of action of anupana.
In Kaiyadeva nighantu,a well description of anupana
present
In Rasatarangini , anupana explained in relation with
rasaoushadis.
Compiled book of Anupana Darpana, Aunupana
manjari, anupana kalpataru also explains regarding
anupana in detail.
Synonyms
Anupana
Vaahana
Sahayogi
Maadhyama
Anutarsha
Anupeya
Anupaneeya
Oushadangapeya
Best Anupana
• तोयं वा सववते्रपत ।
• सवेषामनुिानानां महेन्द्रं तोयमुत्तमम् । अनुिान दिवन
Classification
Administration
Raj Nighantu Usage
Form
Anupana
Time of
Administration
Pashchatpaana
Madhyapaana
Antahpaana
Sahapaana
Aadipaana
DRAVA SHUSHKA
Raj Nighantu
Kraamana Paachana
That which is administered
in delay i.e. after certain gap.
That which is administered
in night.
Usage
Aaharopyogi Aushadhopyogi
Aaharopayogi
पविररतं यदन्द्नस्य गुणैैः स्यादपवरोपि च । अनुिानं समासेन, सववदा तत्प्रशस्यते॥ अ.हृ.८/५१
One which has quality opposite to anna but does not produce the effect opposite to that such dravya is consider to be anupana.
अनुिानं करोत्प्युजाां तु्रपतं व्यापतं रुढांगताम् । अन्द्नसंघातशपैिल्यपवपलिपत्तजरणापन च ॥ अ.हृ.८/५२
अनुिानं पहतं युकं्त तिवयत्प्याशु मानवम् । सुखं िचपत चाहारमायुषे च बिाय च ॥ च.स.ू२७/३२६
पस्िरतां गतमपलिन्द्नमन्द्नमर्विापयनाम् । भवत्प्याबािजननमनुिानमतैः पिबेत् ॥
कै.पन. पव.वगव २९१
Guna and Karma
• अनुिानकमवगुणान् रवक्ष्यामैः अनुिानं तिवयपत, रीणयपत, ऊजवयपत, ब ंहयापत, ियावपतमपभपनववतवयपत, भुक्तमवसादयपत, अन्द्नसंघातं पभनपत्त, मादववमािादयपत, लिेदयपत, जरयपत, सुखिररणापमतामाशुव्यवापयतां चाहारस्योिजनयतीपत ॥
च स ू२७/३२५
Aushadhopayogi
यिा तिंै जिे पितं िणेनवै रसिवपत । अनुिानबिादंगे तिा सिवपत भेषजम् ॥ शा.र.ख ६
गणु कर्म-
रोचनं ब ंहणं व ष्यं दोषसंघातभेदनम् । तिवणं मादववकरं श्रमलिमहरं सुखम् ॥ पदिनं दोषशमनं पििासाछेदनं िरम् । बिवणवकरं सम्यगनुिानं सदोच्यते ।
सु.स.ू४६/४४२-४३
Mode of action
• Anupana dravya enhances the action of
original dravya with which it is administered
and thereby achieves the desired effect
quickly by carrying the oushadha dravya to
the target site and thereby increases its
bioavailability and facilitates easy absorption.
Maatra
• In Bruhatrayee the matraa has not been explained but the later
authors and commentators added matraa for anupana based on
the doshas.
• Matra here is in pala pramana.as per VPP, its upto 8pala.
Sl.No
Dosha
D.G.S
Sha.S
Deepika
Goodhartha
Deepika
1.
Vata
2
3
3
2
2.
Pitta
3
2
2
3
3.
Kapha
1
1
1
1
Anupana Dravya Classification
Doshas
Roga
Dravya Anupana Dravyas
Rasa
Dosha
Vataj – Snighda and ushna dravya
Pittaj – Madhra and sheeta dravya
Kaphaj – Ruksha and ushna dravya
Su.Su 46/435
Rasa
Rasa Anupana
Madhura Katu
Amla Lavana
Lavana Amla
Katu Tikta
Tikta Katu amla kashaya
Kashaya Madhura
Sarvarasa Ksheera
Roga
Yogaratnakar has explained the anupana dravya as per the
disease. .
e.g. –
Jwara- Kirat tikta, musta, parpata
Grahini- Takra
Arsha- Bhallataka, chitraka
Pandu- Sh.Mandura bhasma
Kshaya- Shuddha shilajatu
Shula- Fried Hingu and karanjabeeja majja
Pliha roga- Pippali churna
Nidrakshya- Mahish dugda with sharkara etc.
Dravya
Dravya
Single Drug Formulation
Single drug
• Acharya sushrutha explained anupana for individual
drugs.
Ghrita- ushnodaka
Taila- yush and kanji
Masha- dhanyamla
Kushmanda- triphalasava
Saindhava- aranala
Amlaphala- padmotphal;a kandasava etc.
• Also in anupana darpana have explained for single
dravya for various vyadhis.
E.g.- Nirgundi
Gomutra- kushta
Ghrita- krushta
Ushnodaka- sarvaroga. etc
• Acharya Bhavamishra explained Rutuharitaki
Sharad rutu – Sharkara
Hemanta rutu – Shunthi
Shishir rutu – Pippali
Vasant rutu – Madhu
Grishma rutu – Guda
Varsha rutu – Saindhava
- Bh.Ni 1
Formulation
Kalka, churna
Kashaya
Sneha
Rasa dravya
Madhu, Ghrita, Taila – Dwiguna matra
Other dravya – Chaturguna
e.g. rasone kalka – Tilataila
nimba kalka – Jala
Kalka Anupana
Ghrita, madhu adi dravyas
for lehana – Dwiguna
for pana – Chaturguna
e.g. Sitopaladi churna – Madhu
Lavanabhaskara churna - Takra
Churna Anupana
Narayanachurnam
Udara- takra
Gulma- badarakashaya
Vibandha- suramadya
Vatharoga- prasanna
Vitsanga- dadhimanda
Arsas- dadimambha
Ajirna- ushnambu
Ksheera, ghrita, guda, taila, mutra etc – 1karsha
e.g. Marasnadikadha – eranda taila
Dashamoola katutraaya - honey
Kashaya Anupana
Guggulu is administerd with anupana based on the
various diseases. The general anupana for guggulu
kalpa are
Triphala kashaya,
Dashmoola kashaya,
Vasa kashaya etc.
Guggulu Anupana
Kaisora guggulu
Netraroga- Vasakashayam
Gulma- Varunadikashaya
Vrana,kushta- Khadirakashaya
Vatharaktha- Manjishtadikashaya
Anupanas are having more function in rasa dravya. It
may be consider that it removes toxicity of rasa
dravya if present.
It may decrease the potency and make suitable for
the body.
Almost all rasaoushadis are having different
systemwise action based on anupana.
Rasadravya Anupana
Aruchi – Nistushya dhanya ghrita bhrushta
Jwara – Dhanyaka and guduchi kwath
Atisara,grahini – Bhanga churna ,honey
Plihodara, arsha, chardi - Dadimapushpa rasa
Kasa,shwasa,swarabhanga – Madhu, sharkara, vasa
kwatha.
Lokanathrasa
RASA SINDHOORA
Vyadhi Anupana
Nava jwara Tulasi, Ardrak swaras
Jeerna jwara Dhanyak, Guduchi kwath
Prameha Jamburasa, Haridra kwath
Shwasa Kushmanda rasa, Vasa rasa
Arsha Baala Haritaki kwath
Kamala Darvi kwatha
Pandu Lohabhasma
Swayathu Punarnava kwath
Garbhashaya roga Kakolichurna + Narikela taila
Jeerna amavata Musta, Guducha, Pippali, Vacha,
Hareetaki.
Bhagandara Triphala, Vidanga kwath.
• Anupana dravya for dhatu:
Dhatu Anupana
Suvarna Haritaki + Sita
Rajata Sharkara + Madhu
Tamra Vanavrihi + Sita
Naga Hemaharitaki + Sita
Vanga Meshashringi + Sita
Aara Truti + Madhukhanda
Tridhatu Triphala
Ghrita – Ushnodaka
Taila – Yoosha
Vasa & majja – Manda
Sneha Anupana
Contraindications of Anupana
Shwasa
Kasa
Urdwajatrugata roga
Urakshata
Praseka
Swarabheda
Anupana Nishiddha kala
Journey
Too much talk
Too much study
Too much singing
Too much sleep
Exercise
Modern correlation
Adjuvant Vehicle Digestive
Synergistic Appetiser
Adjuvant
Assisting or aiding.
A substance that aids another, such as an auxiliary
remedy.
A nonspecific stimulator of the immune response.
How anupana acts as adjuvant?
Eg: Honey
It contain easily digestable fructose
It aids easy absorption by active transport
It augment the action of medicine by yogavahitva
Vehicles
The term vehicles is derived from the latin word ’
vehiculum’ meaning that ‘which carrries’.
It is a substance used for the administration of
medicine.
Properties
They form a reservoir of the ingredient
They allow local release of suitable amounts of the
active drug
Useful for physical actions like soothing,
lubricating, cooling etc
Digestant and Appetiser
Digestant’s are drugs which enhance the process of
digestion
Appetizers are drugs used for the treatment of loss
of appetite
Induce appetite by increasing gastric secretion
Anupana mentioned along with aharas are having
appetising and digestant action
both these actions of anupana seen in food stuffs
Thus it help in faster digestion
Synergism
Synergism means facilitation of a pharmacological
response by the concomitant use of two or more
drugs
The word ‘synergism’ is derived from the two
greek words ergo(work) and syn(with) indicates a
pharmacologic co operation
This results in a total effect greater than the sum of
their independent actions
Rasnadi kwatha is told as anupana for
Yogarajaguggulu gulika in vata rogas
Here the kashaya augment the action of yogaraja
guggulu
Thus act as synergist
Researchs on food stuffs
Application of cold water in wheat foods
There is a protein called gluten common for yava and godhuma
Gluten is responsible for the texture of flour
Gluten becomes hardened by the application of hot water
Solubility literally means digestibility
Eventhough cold water decreses rate of digestion generally , yava and godhuma can be easily soluble and digestable in cold water
Cold water in curd digestion
Curd is easily digestable than milk
It contain high fractions of lactic acid
Lactic acid formations during digestion is responsible for heartburn
Curd is culprited for heartburn in most of the people
While taking with cold water ,reduces the risk of heartburn
Alcohol and cold water
Alcohol absorbs slowly in presence of cold water in
comparison with warm water
Rapid absorption reduce the efficacy of liver, because
detoxification takes place at liver
Absorption of alcohol from stomach causes irritation of the
membrane
Cold water gives soothening effect to the mucous membranes
of stomach
Researchs on Drugs
A study on Anupana W.S.R. to role of ghrita in
Vataja kasa.
Study of synergistic anti inflammatory activity of
allamanda cathartika linn and piper nigrum linn.
Synergistic action of piper longum extract with
ciprofloxacin in MRSA.
Significance of anupana in diet and drug.
Own research view
More number of studies must be carried out to
know about how anupana acts a major part in
declining the worsened conditions.
Summary
Conclusion
Anupana is a unique concept that is gifted by
Ayurveda.
Anupana is very essential part in ahara as well as
oushada.
Care should be taken in selecting anupana suitable
for getting all the beneficiaries from intake.
Single drug can be used to treat most of the diseases
when given with suitable anupana.
Thank Q