Post on 02-Jan-2016
ELECTRICITY.ANTHONY MELENDEZ, BLAKE ATKINSON, JAKE CRAWFORD, & LORENZO WALTON
Electricity Is In Everything
The world we live in is fueled by electricity
80% of the world has access to electricity
Americans Use 4,500 kw/hr per house which is 6 times the global average per capita
“What is electricity”
What Exactly Is Electricity?
Electromagnetic energy
Electrons flowing along a conductor
Flow rate measured in Amps (Amperes)
Force of electricity measured as voltage
Thomas Edison Born February 11, 1847
Published his own newspaper at age 12
Troublesome child
Saved a 3-year-old’s life
Officially employed as a telegraph operator
Became interested with electrical science
“Thomas Edison”
Thomas Edison
Worked for The Associated Press at age 19
Forty thousand dollars at 22
Partnership with Western Union
First-rate inventor
Dubbed “The Wizard of Menlo”
Founded the Edison Illuminating Company
D.C. Current
Direct Current
Unidirectional flow of electric charge
Low voltage supply system“Solar For My Home.”
D.C. Current: Pros & Cons
Batteries, fuels cells and solar cells produce DC
Safe option
Almost everything electrical uses DC
Not good for long distances
Substantial amounts of energy loss
Nikola Tesla
Born July 10, 1856
Had a disapproving father
Worked for the Central Telephone Exchange
Left Europe for America at age 28
“Nikola tesla”
Nikola Tesla
Hired by Edison in 1884
Helped Edison further improve his inventions
Left Edison after conflicts with business
Received funding for the Tesla Electric Light Company
Nikola Tesla
Founder of A.C. Current
Forced out of his company
Luck change in 1887
Westinghouse buys Tesla’s patents
A.C. Current
Alternating Current.
Fluctuating electrical signal.
Flow of charge changes direction periodically.
“Alternating current”
A.C. Current: Pros & Cons
Great for long distance electricity transfer.
Much more efficient than D.C.
Almost all power is initially A.C.
Not as safe as D.C.
Where Does Electricity Come From?
Power plants extract energy from fuel
Energy sources include nuclear, fossil fuels, renewable
Heat and pressure converted to steam, moves turbine
Kinetic energy rotates axel in generator
Electricity is produced
Nuclear Energy
Fission – Uranium atoms split
Pressurized Water Reactor and Boiling Water Reactor
Advantages – Cheap, efficient and reliable
Disadvantages – Radioactive waste, safety, non-renewable
Pressurized Water Reactor
“How Do Nuclear Plants Work?”
Boiling Water Reactor
“How Do Nuclear Plants Work?”
Nuclear Power Usage
12.3 percent of the world’s
electricity is produced by
nuclear power plants in
2012
13 countries rely on
nuclear power to
contribute at least 1/4 of
their total electricity
“world statistics”
Hydroelectric Dams
Falling water rotates
turbine
Advantages – Reliable, safe
Disadvantages –
Environmental
consequences, drought,
limited resevoirs
Coal
Most popular power source in the US
Advantages – Abundant and cheap
Disadvantages – Biggest polluter in the US, generates tons
of waste yearly, mining alters landscape, massive amounts
of water consumption
Negative Effects of Coal
Wellington, Beth Sturgis, Sue
Renewable Energy
Includes wind, solar, geothermal, biomass
Least popular
Advantages – Renewable, efficient, no greenhouse gas
emissions
Disadvantages – Difficult to produce in large quantities,
reliability of supply
Solar Energy
Over 17500 MW of cumulative solar electric capacity operating in the
US
Can power more than an average of 3.5 American homes
600,000 U.S. homes and businesses have gone solar in 2014, while a
new solar project was installed every 3 minutes in that time
Predicted that the U.S. solar industry will complete its 1 millionth
installation in 2015
Solar Energy
In 2014, the residential sector grew by
58%, equaling over 800 MW of power
While installation of solar power for
homes goes up, the installation price
has dropped by 11% to $2.71 per
Watt, and since 2010 the average
price of a pV panel has dropped by
63%
Power Grid, National Grid, or Smart Grid
The physical components to
transport electricity throughout the
world
Technologies such as a two-circuit,
single-voltage power transmission
line, poles, ACSR (Aluminium-
conductor steel-reinforced) cable
“Aluminium-conductor Steel-reinforced Cable”
Power Grid, National Grid, or Smart Grid
Predicted U.S. smart grid market size is $42.8 billion as of
2014
Currently 4,093 billion kWh are being produced and moved
through the Smart Grid
Electricity In The Home Originally introduced into
homes in the 1890s
Integrated into more homes
after WWI
Most people had electricity by
the 40s
Radio and théatrophone were
early forms of entertainment
from around the 1890s –
1950s
“Le théatrophone”
Electricity In The Home
Americans use an avg of about 1000 kwH a month
Biggest use of electricity is
air conditioning
2nd biggest use of
electricity is cable boxes Cable TV Boxes Become 2nd Biggest Energy Users in Many Homes."
Electricity In The Garage
Plug-In Hybrid cars have the best of both worlds: Electric & Gas
Hybrid cars save drivers an average of about $500 per year
Over 260,000 units sold as of November 2014
America leads sales with 126,000 sold while second place is
Netherlands with 32,000
Quality vehicles when they find a way to run longer on a
charge while also saving more money
Future of Electricity:Solar Power
Efficiency of solar panels will continue to a point that it’s illogical
for someone not to buy a solar panel in a sunny place
Most efficient solar panel was developed by the University of
New South Wales’ researchers, the solar panels are 40% efficient
compared to America’s average of 25% efficient solar panels
Solar panels predicted price drop of 40% by 2017
Future of Electricity:Hydroelectricity
Plans on investing money into smaller hydro power plants
and improving pumping efficiency will happen.
New technologies such as wave or tidal energy is being
researched and produced
Works Cited
“Alternating Current.” Electricneutron.com. Electricneutron, n.d. Web. 6 Apr 2015.
Aluminum-conductor Steel-reinforced Cable. Digital image. ACSR Cable(Aluminum Conductor Steel Reinforced Cable). N.p. Web. 12. Apr. 2015.
"Average Household Electricity Use around the World." Shrinkthatfootprint.com. WordPress, 01 Mar. 2013. Web. 12 Apr. 2015.
Average PV System Prices. Digital image. Solar Industry Data. 1 Jan. 2014. Web.
“Burning Coal, Burning Cash: Ranking the States that Import the Most Coal.” Ucsusa.org. Union of Concerned Scientist, Jan. 2014. Web. 9 Apr. 2015.
“Coal generates 44% of our electricity, and is the single biggest air polluter in the U.S.” Ucsusa.org. Union of Concerned Scientist, n.d. Web. 9 Apr. 2015.
"Energy Access Database." Worldenergyoutlook.org. OECD, 2014. Web. 12 Apr. 2015.
“How Do Coal Fired Plants Work?” Duke-energy.com. Duke Energy Corporation, n.d. Web. 9 Apr. 2015.
“How Do Nuclear Plants Work?” Duke-energy.com. Duke Energy Corporation, n.d. Web. 9 Apr. 2015.
Work Cited
“Hydroelectric Power: How It Works.” Water.usgs.gov. U.S. Department of The Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2 May 2014. Web. 9 Apr. 2015.
“Hydroelectric Power Water Use.” Water.usgs.gov. U.S. Department of The Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 17 Mar. 2014. Web. 9 Apr. 2015.
Kebede, Rebekah. "Australia Develops World's Most Efficient Solar Panels." - RT Business. TV-Novosti, 8 Dec. 2014. Web. 15 Apr. 2015.
"Le Théatrophone." Le Magasin Pittoresque 1892: 9. Print.
"Nikola Tesla." Bio. A&E Television Networks, 2015. Web. 6 Apr. 2015.
“Nuclear Energy.” Conserve-energy-future.com. Conserve Energy Future, n.d. Web. 9 Apr. 2015.
Parkinson, Giles. "Solar Costs Will Fall Another 40% In 2 Years. Here’s Why." CleanTechnica. Sustainable Enterprises Media, Inc, 29 Jan. 2015. Web. 15 Apr. 2015.
“Solar For My Home.” Cleangreenenergyzone.com. Green Energy, n.d. Web. 6 Apr 2015.
"Solar Industry Data." Research & Resources. Solar Energy Industries Association, 1 Dec. 2014. Web. 13 Apr. 2015.
Works Cited
Sturgis, Sue. “Aging Coal Plants Take A Heavy Environmental Toll.” Southernstudies.org. Institute For Southern Studies, 2 Dec. 2009. Web. 9 Apr. 2015.
"The Future of Solar." - REC. REC Solar ASA, 1 Jan. 2008. Web. 15 Apr. 2015."Thomas Edison." Bio. A&E Television Networks, 2015. Web. 6 Apr. 2015."Top 10 Nuclear Generating Countries." Nuclear Energy Institute. Nuclear Energy Institute, 1 Apr. 2014. Web. 13 Apr. 2015.Vartebedian, Ralph. "Cable TV Boxes Become 2nd Biggest Energy Users in Many Homes." Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles Times, 16 June 2014. Web. 15 Apr. 2015.Wellington, Beth. “The Myth of Mountain Top Removal Mining.” Theguardian.com. The Guardian, 19 Aug. 2011. Web. 9 Apr. 2015.“What is electricity?” Alstom.com. N.p. n.d. Web. 6 Apr 2015.Woodford, Chris. “Power Plants.” Explainthatstuff.com. Explain That Stuff, 25 Nov. 2014. Web. 9 Apr. 2015"World Statistics." NEI - Nuclear Energy Institute. Nuclear Energy Institute, 1 Jan. 2014. Web. 13 Apr. 2015.