Post on 31-Oct-2014
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Works Cited
Primary Sources
Anderson, Susan, and Wendy Bowman. I Want You to Join the Reform Party/ Photo by Susan
Anderson; Digital Retouching by Wendy Bowman. 1999. Miscellaneous Items in High
Demand. Lib. of Cong., Washington, D.C. LC-DIG-ppmsca-24324. Library of Congress.
Web. 29 Dec. 2012. <http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2010646071/>. The photograph
of Jesse Ventura for Ross Perot's Reform Party is used to emphasize the forcefulness and
the popularity of the Reform Party in the 1990s and the connection to the T.E.A. Party as
an organization against "politics as usual."
Andrews, John. "John Andrews Letter." Letter. May 1774. A Synopsis of American History:
Through Construction. Collection of Ivan R. Dee, Chicago. Smithsonian Source. Web. 14
Nov. 2012. <http://www.smithsoniansource.org/display/primarysource/viewdetails.aspx?
TopicId=&PrimarySourceId=1005>. John Andrews was a merchant in Boston. In May
1774, he wrote his brother in Philadelphia an account of the correspondence between
Boston (the colonies) and Britain. Andrews references the reaction of the British
government for the Boston Tea Party events, and notes the employment of the Coercive
Acts primarily in Boston port and the attack on Boston specifically from the British
government.
Arnold, Chris. "Tea Party Finds Inspiration in Boston History." Editorial. National Public Radio.
N.p., 14 Apr. 2010. Web. 14 Nov. 2012. The National Public Radio article by Chris
Arnold on the connections of the modern Tea Party with the 1773 Boston Tea Party is
used to emphasize the similarities and differences of the T.E.A. Party and the Boston Tea
Party, to which it claims to be identical.
Blitzer Calls Trump "Ridiculous". CNN. Turner Broadcasting System, n.d. Web. 27 Dec. 2012.
<http://www.cnn.com/video/#/video/bestoftv/2012/05/29/tsr-intv-trump-youre-
ridiculous.cnn>. The video clip of The Situation Room with Wolf Blitzer anchor Wolf
Blitzer's criticizing Donald Trump on his "Birther Claim" (that President Obama was not
born a United States citizen in Hawaii) is used to relate the T.E.A. Party influences of
bigotry in some of its sects to the previous bigotry and conspiracy in parties such as the
Anti-Masonic Party and the American ("Know-Nothing") Party.
Block, Herbert. Mine! Mine! All Mine!/ Herblock. 10 Nov. 1994. Cartoon Drawings: Herblock
Collection. Lib. of Cong., Washington, D.C. LC-USZ62-132518. Library of Congress.
Web. 29 Dec. 2012. <http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2002735859/>. The illustration of
the 1994 Republican (GOP) "takeover" of the House of Representatives is used to
compare the massive 1994 Republican domination of Congress with the 2010 T.E.A.
Party domination of the House of Representatives.
Burghart, Devin. "Tea Party Caucus Map - 112th Congress." Infographic. Institute for Research
and Education on Human Rights. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Dec. 2010.
<http://www.irehr.org/issue-areas/tea-party-nationalism/the-data/tea-party-caucus-map-
112th-congress>. The interactive informational graphic (map) of the 112th Congress Tea
Party Caucus is used to present the large amount of T.E.A. Party and T.E.A. Party-
supported congressmen elected in the 2010 congressional election and the beginning of
the political strength of the T.E.A. Party.
Cammeyer, William, Jr. Anti-Masonic Apron. 1831. Popular Graphic Arts. Lib. of Cong.,
Washington, D.C. LC-USZ62-92279. Library of Congress. Web. 29 Dec. 2012.
<http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2003690779/>. The illustration ("apron") formed as
an attack on the Anti-Masonic Party, comparing it with the Masonic Order, is used to
indicate the beginnings of the American third party and the political consequences each
has always encountered.
Dalrymple, Lewis. Deserting the Old Idol/ Dalrymple. 5 July 1899. Miscellaneous Items in High
Demand. Lib. of Cong., Washington, D.C. LC-DIG-ppmsca-28610. Library of Congress.
Web. 30 Dec. 2012. <http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2012647438/>. The illustration
from the magazine Puck of the "voters'" dissenting from William Jennings Bryan and
Populism is used to compare the possible 2012-2013 Republican dissent from the T.E.A.
Party with the American dissent from Populism and the American dissent from the east
(from the original painting titled Manifest Destiny).
Dalrymple, Louis. In Battle Array,- and There's Not Much Doubt about the Result/ Dalrymple.
30 Sept. 1896. Miscellaneous Items in High Demand. Lib. of Cong., Washington, D.C.
LC-DIG-ppmsca-28845. Library of Congress. Web. 27 Dec. 2012.
<http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/det1994023444/PP/>. The cartoon illustration from
the magazine Puck with William Jennings Bryan leading the Populist masses is used as
the introductory header for the website to emphasize the control of the T.E.A. Party over
the masses and its fight against the Washington, D.C. government (and its similarity to
the Populist Party).
Ehrhart, Samuel D. Another Proposed War Tax/ Ehrhart. 13 July 1898. Miscellaneous Items in
High Demand. Lib. of Cong., Washington, D.C. LC-DIG-ppmsca-28718. Library of
Congress. Web. 29 Dec. 2012. <http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2012647581/>. The
illustration from the magazine Puck of the division of taxes between the elderly (married)
and the "bachelors" is used to emphasize the divide between the liberal and conservative
ideas of taxation--tax increases on the wealthy or tax increases on no one.
Franklin, Benjamin. Join or Die. 9 May 1754. Miscellaneous Items in High Demand. Lib. of
Cong., Washington, D.C. LC-USZ62-9701. Library of Congress. Web. 6 Jan. 2013.
<http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2002695523/>. The illustration of Benjamin
Franklin's "Join, or Die" cartoon from The Pennsylvania Gazette (published during the
Albany Congress of 1754), which was published to encourage colonial unity in America
to defeat the French and the opposing Native American, is used to emphasize the
necessity of unity, which the Tea Party opposes if unity impedes upon its platform, to
maintain a prosperous America. Franklin's cartoon also is used to present the beginning
of the "snake's" representing the United States and freedom.
Franklin D. (Franklin Delano) Roosevelt, 1882-1945. 6 June 1947. Miscellaneous Items in High
Demand. Lib. of Cong., Washington, D.C. LC-USZ62-87317. Library of Congress. Web.
29 Dec. 2012. <http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2002715895/>. The photograph of
President Franklin Delano Roosevelt is used to illustrate the leader and the beginner of
the notion of Democrats as a more liberal party with the New Deal, thus indicating the
political shift leftward (and the opposition shift rightward) from the Roosevelt
administration.
Gash, Morry. Away from the stage, the passionate arguments went right on, each side claiming
the upper hand, the larger crowd, the right side of history. The Madison Police estimated
a crowd--at its highest point--of about 6,500 people, though it was uncertain how many
of those were Tea Party supporters and how many were there to protest. Either way, the
figure was far smaller than the tens of thousands of demonstrators that had been reported
around the Capitol on several days in recent months. The New York Times. New York
Times, 16 Apr. 2011. Web. 29 Dec. 2012.
<http://www.nytimes.com/slideshow/2011/04/17/us/20110417_TEAPARTY-4.html>.
The photograph of the Madison, Wisconsin Tea Party rally (not associated with the
massive 2011 Madison Union rally) is used to present the large but decreasing size of the
continuing T.E.A. Party protests.
- - -. Sarah Palin spoke at the Wisconsin State Capitol, a throng Tea Party supporters cheering
her on and a throng of union supporters trying to shout them (and her) down. And in a
way, it look like just another day in Madison, a place already so polarized that even with
the presence of Ms. Palin, a figure beloved and detested, people here seemed to go right
on with the debate they had been having for months. The New York Times. New York
Times, n.d. Web. 29 Dec. 2012.
<http://www.nytimes.com/slideshow/2011/04/17/us/20110417_TEAPARTY-2.html>.
The photograph of Sarah Palin at the April 16, 2011 Madison, Wisconsin Tea Party (and
union) rally is used to introduce a prominent political figure in the T.E.A. Party, who
maintains the fervor for the T.E.A. Party and its rallies.
Glenn: Establishment GOP Is Over. Glenn Beck: The Fusion of Entertainment and
Enlightenment. Mercury Radio Arts, 8 Nov. 2012. Web. 29 Dec. 2012.
<http://www.glennbeck.com/2012/11/08/glenn-establishment-gop-is-over/>. The video
clip of Glenn Beck about the fall of the Grand Old Party (after the 2012 election) is used
as evidence to support the T.E.A. Party and libertarian dissent from the Grand Old Party
by means of influential pundits such as Glenn Beck (e.g., criticizing the Republican
Speaker of the House).
Hill, William Ely. Greeting the Trail of the Lonesome Pine/ W.E. Hill '13. 14 Jan. 1914.
Miscellaneous Items in High Demand. Lib. of Cong., Washington, D.C. LC-DIG-
ppmsca-28015. Library of Congress. Web. 29 Dec. 2012.
<http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2011649661/>. The illustration from the magazine
Puck of two aristocratic men and one woman is used to indicate the ascension of
capitalistic Wall Street, greed, and financial lust in the twentieth-century--both the
supports and the enemies of the T.E.A. Party.
"Home Page." American Crossroads. American Crossroads, n.d. Web. 6 Jan. 2013.
<http://www.americancrossroads.org/>. The website of Karl Rove's (co-founder and
adviser) Super PAC, American Crossroads, is used to indicate that the Tea Party's
eruption into American politics greatly shifted "right-wing" analysts and pundits (e.g.,
Karl Rove) farther "right," yielding their zealous support for the Tea Party (politically
and financially).
"Home Page." Americans for Prosperity. Americans for Prosperity, n.d. Web. 6 Jan. 2013.
<http://americansforprosperity.org/>. The website of the David Koch and Charles Koch-
funded Super PAC that supports far-right and Conservative candidates in national, state,
and local elections is used to present evidence of the Tea Party's effect on wealthy
Americans, such as the Koch brothers, inspiring mass funding to "buy elections" on both
sides of the political spectrum.
"Home Page." Americans for Tax Reform. Braynard Group, n.d. Web. 6 Jan. 2013.
<http://www.atr.org/>. The organization American for Tax Reform, which was founded
by Grover Norquist in 1985 by request of President Ronald Reagan, website is used to
present the organization that "holds" a Republican congressional majority "hostage" and
grants Tea Party candidates to "primary" the incumbent Republican who defies Norquist
or the Taxpayer Protection Pledge.
"Home Page." FreedomWorks for America. Ed. Jim Demint. FreedomWorks, n.d. Web. 17 Dec.
2012. <http://www.freedomworksforamerica.org/>. The website of the conservative, Tea
Party-associated Super Political Action Committee (Super PAC) FreedomWorks for
America is used to present the largest Tea Party-exclusive Super PAC and the primary
causes of the 2010 Conservative revolution.
"Home Page." Koch Industries, Inc. Koch Industries, n.d. Web. 6 Jan. 2013.
<http://kochind.com/>. The website of the Koch brothers' industry (including chemicals,
mining, and crude oil) is used to indicate the politicizing effect of the Tea Party on
nonpartisan and non-political organizations such as an industries company (the Koch
brothers, however, are known to be partisan).
"Home Page." Tea Party Patriots. Tea Party Patriots, n.d. Web. 6 Jan. 2013.
<http://www.teapartypatriots.org/>. The website, which is one of the two major Tea Party
websites (the other is Tea Party Express), of Tea Party Patriots is used to present one of
the primary organizers of Tea Party events and one of the causes of--ironically--the Tea
Party's disorganization (by allowing the formation of local Tea Party sects, which have
alternating platforms).
James G. Blaine. 2 Oct. 1884. Popular Graphic Arts. Lib. of Cong., Washington, D.C. LC-DIG-
pga-02168. Library of Congress. Web. 25 Jan. 2013.
<http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2003671786/>. The image of candidate and Half-
Breed James G. Blaine is used to indicate the control of patronage and political division
during the Gilded Age. Thus, the image alludes to the control of political division within
the GOP in the 21st Century that is similar to that in the Gilded Age.
Johnson, J. H. No Irish Need Apply. J H. Johnson, Stationer & Printer, 7N. 10th Street, Phila.
[1862?] [Song Sheet]. 1862. Rare Books and Special Collections, Library of Congress.
Lib. of Cong., Washington, D.C. Library of Congress. Web. 29 Dec. 2012.
<http://lcweb2.loc.gov/diglib/ihas/loc.rbc.amss.cw104040/default.html>. The song sheet
of the Nativist and Know-Nothing Party phrase "No Irish Need Apply" ("NINA") is used
to emphasize the possible bigotry in specific political parties and to note the possible
increasing bigotry in the T.E.A. Party (compare with "Blitzer Calls Trump 'Ridiculous'").
Karr, Jay. In Buffalo, S.C., Representative Michele Bachmann, Republican of Minnesota,
greeted a fellow congressman, Joe Wilson of South Carolina, before speaking at a Tea
Party event. The New York Times. New York Times, 16 Apr. 2011. Web. 29 Dec. 2012.
<http://www.nytimes.com/slideshow/2011/04/17/us/20110417_TEAPARTY-5.html>.
The digital photograph of Representative Michele Bachmann and congressman Joe
Wilson at a South Carolina Tea Party event on 2011 tax day is used to introduce the head
of the congressional Tea Party caucus of the 112th Congress (2011-2012), who ran for
the Republican presidential nomination of 2012 (thus becoming the first possible Tea
Party president).
Keppler, Joseph Ferdinand. Men May Come, and Men May Go; But the Work of Reform Shall
Go on Forever/ J. Keppler. 5 Nov. 1884. Miscellaneous Items in High Demand. Lib. of
Cong., Washington, D.C. LC-DIG-ppmsca-28247. Library of Congress. Web. 29 Dec.
2012. <http://www.loc.gov/pictures/resource/ppmsca.28247/>. The illustration from the
magazine Puck of the progression of reform and the Independent is used to indicate the
great reform occurring in the 1800s to establish the origins of the T.E.A. Party and third
parties.
- - -. A Presidential Conjuror/ J. Keppler. 12 Oct. 1881. Miscellaneous Items in High Demand.
Lib. of Cong., Washington, D.C. LC-DIG-ppmsca-28520. Library of Congress. Web. 25
Jan. 2013. <http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2012647292/>. The illustration from the
magazine Puck of President Arthur is used to indicate the corruption and spoils within the
country under patronage in which the Tea Party claims against patronage, but accepts it
during elections with funding from Super PAC's.
- - -. Two of a Kind/ J. Keppler. 7 May 1884. Miscellaneous Items in High Demand. Lib. of
Cong., Washington, D.C. LC-DIG-ppmsca-28317. Library of Congress. Web. 29 Dec.
2012. <http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2012645199/>. The illustration from the
magazine Puck of the Pope and a leader of a rival religious organization in conflict is
used to emphasize the influence of religion (of the congressmen) on the legislation and
the division in Congress.
Keppler, Udo J. But You Can't Make Him Drink/ Keppler. 3 Feb. 1904. Miscellaneous Items in
High Demand. Lib. of Cong., Washington, D.C. LC-DIG-ppmsca-25819. Library of
Congress. Web. 6 Jan. 2013. <http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2011645503/>. The
illustration from the magazine Puck is used to emphasize the Tea Party's use of political
force on the Republican party and GOP to unanimously conform to its more radical
platform, which is similar to William Jennings Bryan's and he Populist Party's use of
political force on the Democratic party in the late 1800s and early 1900s.
- - -. Coming!/ Keppler. 25 July 1906. Miscellaneous Items in High Demand. Lib. of Cong.,
Washington, D.C. LC-DIG-ppmsca-26079. Library of Congress. Web. 29 Dec. 2012.
<http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2011645921/>. The illustration from the magazine
Puck of the changing platforms from William Jennings Bryan and the continuing
popularity of populism is used to emphasize the popularity of the T.E.A. Party and to
counter the nonconformity of the T.E.A. Party.
- - -. The Democratic Moses and His Self-Made Commandments/ Keppler. 19 Sept. 1906.
Miscellaneous Items in High Demand. Lib. of Cong., Washington, D.C. LC-DIG-
ppmsca-26097. Library of Congress. Web. 30 Dec. 2012.
<http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2011645940/>. The illustration from the magazine
Puck of William Jennings Bryan as Moses with Jennings Bryan's form of the Ten
Commandments (and with lights labeled "Radicalism" and "Conservatism") is used to
portray the T.E.A. Party as the Republican Moses, which led the Republicans to
dominance in the House of Representatives, yet damaged the Grand Old Party.
- - -. The "Fake" Beggar/ Keppler. 22 Aug. 1900. Miscellaneous Items in High Demand. Lib. of
Cong., Washington, D.C. LC-DIG-ppmsca-25448. Library of Congress. Web. 29 Dec.
2012. <http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2010651321/>. The illustration from the
magazine Puck of William Jennings Bryan's begging for votes and wearing of a
prosthesis marked "16 to 1" and a cane labeled "Populism" is used to illustrate (as a
header) the attack of the T.E.A. Party on the "beggar" (the "slacker") asking for
government aid. It is also used to emphasize the Republican dependence on the T.E.A.
Party.
- - -. For Once, Science and Religion Agree/ Keppler. 7 Sept. 1898. Miscellaneous Items in High
Demand. Lib. of Cong., Washington, D.C. LC-DIG-ppmsca-28627. Library of Congress.
Web. 30 Dec. 2012. <http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2012647468/>. The illustration
from the magazine Puck of Chauncey M. Depew and Robert G. Ingersoll pointing out
specific quotes that support American imperialism is used to emphasize the difficulty of
compromise or agreement in the polarized Congress.
- - -. A Hard Game of "Follow Your Leader"/ Keppler. 18 July 1900. Miscellaneous Items in
High Demand. Lib. of Cong., Washington, D.C. LC-DIG-ppmsca-25440. Library of
Congress. Web. 29 Dec. 2012. <http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2010651313/>. The
illustration from the magazine Puck of William Jennings Bryan (Populism) leading the
donkey (Democratic Party) to the White House is used to emphasize the reliance of the
Republican Party on the T.E.A. Party to gain power in the three branches of government.
- - -. A Young Head on Old Shoulders/ Keppler. 1 Nov. 1899. Miscellaneous Items in High
Demand. Lib. of Cong., Washington, D.C. LC-DIG-ppmsca-28553. Library of Congress.
Web. 29 Dec. 2012. <http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2012647377/>. The illustration
from the magazine Puck of Theodore Roosevelt is used to emphasize the significance of
third parties in which they may bring influential and successful presidents such as
Roosevelt (who formed the progressive party after becoming president) or Abraham
Lincoln--thus, the T.E.A. Party may bring an influential and successful president.
"Key Issues." AFT-A Union of Professionals. American Federation of Teachers, AFL-CIO, n.d.
Web. 6 Jan. 2013. <http://www.aft.org/issues/>. The webpage of the American
Federation of Teachers' (a teachers union) is used to present the more liberal "synonym"
to the more conservative Super PACs, which fund liberal candidates and bills. The
webpage is also used to present the different platforms of unions and Super PACs.
Leffler, Warren K. Civil Rights March on Wash[ington], D.C. 28 Aug. 1963. Miscellaneous
Items in High Demand. Lib. of Cong., Washington, D.C. LC-DIG-ppmsca-04296.
Library of Congress. Web. 29 Dec. 2012.
<http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2003688163/>. The photograph of the 1963 civil
rights march on Washington, D.C. is used to emphasize the scale of the early T.E.A.
Party events on Washington, D.C., which were only surpassed by a later Wisconsin
protest (associated with the T.E.A. Party).
Levering, Albert. Republican Voters' Revolt/ Albert Levering. 20 Apr. 1910. Miscellaneous
Items in High Demand. Lib. of Cong., Washington, D.C. LC-DIG-ppmsca-27625.
Library of Congress. Web. 30 Dec. 2012.
<http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2011647577/>. The illustration from the magazine
Puck of the wave (of "Republican voters' revenge") consuming Republicans such as
President Taft is used to emphasize the possible demise of the T.E.A. Party from
Republicans' necessity to become more moderate for political success.
Lipman, L. Emancipation Proclamation/ Del., Lith. and Print. By L. Lipman, Milwaukee, Wis.
26 Feb. 1864. Popular Graphic Arts. Lib. of Cong., Washington, D.C. LC-DIG-pga-
02040. Library of Congress. Web. 29 Dec. 2012.
<http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2003671404/>. The illustration of the events of
American slavery, Abraham Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation (support for the
abolitionists and the Republican party after 1863) is used to identify the Republican party
of 1854 as a populist movement that gains support from the popular northern notions of
the 1860s (after the Emancipation Proclamation).
Longacre, James Barton. Andrew Jackson/ Drawn from Life and Engraved by J.B. Longacre.
N.d. Miscellaneous Items in High Demand. Lib. of Cong., Washington, D.C. LC-USZ62-
117120. Library of Congress. Web. 29 Dec. 2012.
<http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/96523440/>. The illustration of President Andrew
Jackson is used to indicate the first ascension of the Common Man into political office
(the beginning of populism) and the Jacksonian Democratic Party.
Lucidon, Amanda. A crowd marched toward the Capitol as people from around the country
gathered to express their discontent with the government. The New York Times. New
York Times, 12 Sept. 2009. Web. 29 Dec. 2012.
<http://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/13/us/politics/13protestweb.html?_r=1&>. The
photograph of an early (2009) T.E.A. Party rally against President Obama is used to
establish the initial fervor for the T.E.A. Party and for opposition to President Obama and
government. The photograph is also used to contrast the initial protests with the later
protests, which were with less zeal (to emphasize the decrease of the T.E.A. Party).
Magee, John L. Terrible Rout & Total Destruction of the Whig Party. In Salt River. 1852.
Cartoon Prints, American. Lib. of Cong., Washington, D.C. LC-USZ62-7487. Library of
Congress. Web. 29 Dec. 2012. <http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2008661556/>. The
illustration of the perceived demise of the Whig Party (1832) is used to introduce the first
third-party to be assimilated into the two-party system (ending the "Era of Good
Feelings"). The Whig Party is also significant as the party to face "destruction" because
of sectional and ideological divide (an inhibitor of the T.E.A. Party).
Maurer, Louis. The Great Exhibition of 1860. 1860. Popular Graphic Arts. Lib. of Cong.,
Washington, D.C. LC-USZ62-14226. Library of Congress. Web. 29 Dec. 2012.
<http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2003674593/>. The political cartoon of Horace
Greeley, slavery, and Abraham Lincoln is used to indicate the significance of the
Republican party of 1854 as a powerful third party and the popularity of third parties' use
of moral issues (e.g., slavery) politically, as the T.E.A. Party does.
The Mugwumps Met Him on the Way. 1888. Music Division. Lib. of Cong., Washington, D.C.
M1663.M 1888. Library of Congress. Web. 25 Jan. 2013.
<http://lcweb2.loc.gov/diglib/ihas/loc.natlib.ihas.200155619/default.html>. The
illustration for the Cleveland 1888 campaign is used to represent the Mugwumps who
dissented from the Republican Party to support Grover Cleveland (a Democrat). Thus,
the campaign illustration alludes to the possible dissent of moderate Republicans from
the GOP because of the Tea Party.
Munroe, Randall. "A History of the United States Congress: Partisan and Ideological Makeup."
Infographic. XKCD. N.p., 29 Sept. 2012. Web. 29 Dec. 2012. <http://xkcd.com/1127/>.
The infographic from the website "xkcd" (preferred lower case) of the amount (and
degree of extremism) of members on both sides of the political spectrum in Congress
from 1788 to 2012, and to emphasize the major growth of the "far-right" sects starting in
1984 and increasing in the 2010 election.
Opper, Frederick Burr. An End to All Disagreement/ F. Opper. 28 Sept. 1881. Miscellaneous
Items in High Demand. Lib. of Cong., Washington, D.C. LC-DIG-ppmsca-28515.
Library of Congress. Web. 30 Dec. 2012.
<http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2012647288/>. The illustration from the magazine
Puck of physicians Francklyn Cottage (President Garfield's location of death) is used to
represent the death of the T.E.A. Party if it does not become more moderate and accept
compromise (T.E.A. Party death represented by Garfield, who was inhibited by the
division of the Republican party factions in the 1880s).
Pughe, John S. J.S. A Chattering Nuisance/ J.S. Pughe. 24 Feb. 1904. Miscellaneous Items in
High Demand. Lib. of Cong., Washington, D.C. LC-DIG-ppmsca-25824. Library of
Congress. Web. 29 Dec. 2012. <http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2011645508/>. The
illustration from the magazine Puck of William Jennings Bryan (the Populist Party)
influencing and irritating the Democratic Party is used to indicate that the T.E.A. Party is
a nuisance to the Grand Old Party (GOP Republican Party), which is diminishing because
of the influencing T.E.A. Party.
- - -. The Democratic Microbes/ P. 27 Apr. 1904. Miscellaneous Items in High Demand. Lib. of
Cong., Washington, D.C. LC-DIG-ppmsca-25843. Library of Congress. Web. 29 Dec.
2012. <http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2011645527/>. The illustration from the
magazine Puck of the "microbes" affecting the Democratic Party (including Jennings
Bryan and Populism) is used to emphasize the damaging effect of the T.E.A. Party on the
Republican Party (GOP) and on politics.
- - -. Swallowed!/ J.S. Pughe. 11 July 1900. Miscellaneous Items in High Demand. Lib. of Cong.,
Washington, D.C. LC-DIG-ppmsca-25438. Library of Congress. Web. 29 Dec. 2012.
<http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2010651311/>. The illustration from the magazine
Puck of William Jennings Bryan's (as a snake labeled, "Populist Party") swallowing of
the Democratic Party (as a donkey) is used to present the inevitability of the T.E.A.
Party's consuming of the mass of the Republican Party and becoming the other political
party of the two-party system as the Populist Party threatened to do.
Reilly, Bernard F. I Feed You All! 1875. Popular Graphic Arts. Lib. of Cong., Washington, D.C.
LC-DIG-pga-00025. Library of Congress. Web. 29 Dec. 2012.
<http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2003690771/>. The illustration of the "farmer's
grievances" (The American Pageant) is used to indicate the means in which a successful
third party starts: A demographic is damaged; a sect of one of the two political parties
embraces that demographic with a friendly platform; the party begins to use the
demographic to gain political power. The Populist Party used farmers and laborers. The
T.E.A. Party uses the laborer and the common American citizen (a far larger
demographic than the farmer).
Ritchie, Alexander Hay. Andrew Jackson/ Painted by D.M. Carter; Engraved by A.H. Ritchie.
1860. Popular Graphic Arts. Lib. of Cong., Washington, D.C. LC-DIG-pga-02501.
Library of Congress. Web. 29 Dec. 2012.
<http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/96521663/>. The painting of president Andrew
Jackson is used as a picture for the slideshow in the "Historic Influences" header, thus, to
support the Jacksonian Democracy's affect on the shift left in American demographics.
[Ronald Reagan, Head-and-Shoulders Portrait, Facing Front. 1981. Miscellaneous Items in
High Demand. Lib. of Cong., Washington, D.C. LC-USZ62-13040. Library of Congress.
Web. 29 Dec. 2012. <http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/96522678/>. The photograph of
President Ronald Reagan (presidential photograph) is used to present the president who
increased the notion of biblical fundamentalism and the conservative shift rightward in
the 1980s (used within the slideshow for the header of the section, "Historic Influences").
Sinatra, Frank. "My Way." Rec. 1968. Nothing but the Best - The Frank Sinatra Collection
(Remastered). Perf. Frank Sinatra. Reprise Records, a Warner Music Group Company,
2008. CD. The audio recording (Frank Sinatra's "My Way") is used as a dramatic
introduction for the website, and to illustrate the possible demise of the Republican party
(GOP) because of the T.E.A. Party (and to illustrate the T.E.A. Party members'
stubbornness).
Skocpol, Theda, and Vanessa Williamson. "Whose Tea Party Is It?" Editorial. The New York
Times. N.p., 26 Dec. 2011. Web. 18 Nov. 2012.
<http://campaignstops.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/12/26/whose-tea-party-is-it/>. "Whose
Tea Party Is It," an opinion editorial, is written by Thesa Skocpol and Vanessa
Williamson. Skocpol is the Victor S. Thomas Professor of Government and Sociology at
Harvard Univeristy and a member of the National Academy of Sciences; Skocpol was the
president of the American Political Science Association. Williamson is a prospective
Ph.D. in Government and Social Policy at Harvard University; Wlliamson was the
Political director for Iraq and Afghanistan Veterans of America. Skocpol and Williamson
co-authored the analytical and research work The Tea Party and the Remaking of
Republican Conservatism (2012).
Stuart, Gilbert. [James Monroe, Half-length Portrait, Seated at Desk, Facing Slightly Left].
1828. Popular Graphic Arts. Lib. of Cong., Washington, D.C. LC-USZ62-117118.
Library of Congress. Web. 29 Dec. 2012.
<http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/96523417/>. The painting of President James Monroe
(president during the "Era of Good Feelings") is used to illustrate the first political shift
with the destruction of the Federalists and the dominance of the Democratic-Republicans.
Monroe's Democratic-Republicans were not, however, united (yet neither is the T.E.A.
Party).
"Tea Party Express I." Tea Party Express. Tea Party Express, n.d. Web. 29 Dec. 2012.
<http://www.teapartyexpress.org/photos/page/3>. The several digital photographs of the
early (2009-2011) T.E.A. Party rallies (titled "Tea Party Express I" to "Tea Party Express
V: Reclaiming America Tour") are used to present the beginnings of the Tea Party
Express (other Tea Party organizations exist) rallies and the scale of such parties, which
decreased during 2011 and 2012.
"Ten Core Beliefs of the Modern-Day Tea Party Movement." Tea Movement Platform. Tea Party
Platform, n.d. Web. 11 Dec. 2012. <http://www.teaparty-platform.com/>. The privately
organized website is used to establish the primary notions of the Tea Party platform (to
establish its attempted influence in politics).
Texas. Peacefully Grant the State of Texas to Withdraw from the United State of America and
Create Its Own NEW Government. The White House. Web. 28 Dec. 2012.
<https://petitions.whitehouse.gov/petition/peacefully-grant-state-texas-withdraw-united-
states-america-and-create-its-own-new-government/BmdWCP8B>. The petition for the
state of Texas to secede from the United States (the Union) reaching the 25,000 signature
requirement shortly after the 2012 presidential election (the petition began November 9,
2012) is used as evidence for the extreme polarization of the United States and the
polarization's being catalyzed by the Tea Party, which supported partisanship and
allowed the more radical sects of both parties become the majority.
United States. Cong. House. No Tax Payer Funding for Abortion Act. 112th Cong. H. 3. Print.
The information (by means of a "PDF") of the No Tax Payer Funding for Abortion Act
(H.R. 3) from the Senate (for the new session) is used as evidence to support the focus on
biblical fundamentalism and social issues in the T.E.A. Party.
Williams, Dave. David H. Koch, left, and Charles G. Koch have long used their wallets to
promote fiscal conservatism and combat regulation. The New York Times. New York
Times, 22 Feb. 2011. Web. 29 Dec. 2012.
<http://www.nytimes.com/imagepages/2011/02/22/KOCH-1.html>. The digital
photograph(s) (edited) of David H. Koch and Charles G. Koch are used to present the
wealthiest financial supporters of the T.E.A. Party (by means of a "Super PAC" titled
"Americans for Prosperity" after Citizens United v. FEC, also supported by the Koch
brothers), who effectively maintain the T.E.A. Party and its candidates.
Secondary Sources
"The 1st Navy Jack." US Flag. N.p., 10 Feb. 2005. Web. 6 Jan. 2013.
<http://www.usflag.org/history/gadsden.html>. The image of the First Navy Jack--a flag
used by Alfred of the Continental fleet and the navy in the American Revolution--is used
to present a banner used in Tea Party rallies to symbolize the more radical protesters'
threats of using physical force to overpower the federal government in which the Tea
Party is directly connected to the same opposition to "oppressive" government expressed
from 1763 to 1781. The Tea Party is thus the largest movement since the Sons and
Daughters of Liberties and the Patriots to gather en mass to oppose government.
CNBC Rick Santelli Goes Basaltic on Floor of Chicago Merc over Housing Bailout. For More
Info Go to Radioviceonline.com. Radio Vice Online. Spider Creations, n.d. Web. 28 Dec.
2012. <http://radioviceonline.com/send-em-to-fine-print-class-but-no-mortgage-money/
>. The video clip of Rick Santelli's irritation with the housing market bailout is used to
present what is believed to be the "Rosa Parks Moment" for the T.E.A. Party, and to
present the beginning platform of and zeal for the T.E.A. Party.
Elisberg, Robert J. "Grover Norquist Gets His Wish." Huffington Post Politics. Ed. Arianna
Huffington. TheHuffingtonPost.com, 9 Aug. 2007. Web. 29 Dec. 2012.
<http://www.huffingtonpost.com/robert-j-elisberg/grover-norquist-gets-his-
_b_59806.html>. The article from the website The Huffington Post Politics on Grover
Norquist, fiscal conservatism, and the "shrinking" of government is used as a secondary
source for Grover Norquist's quote about his job of shrinking government to present
evidence of fiscal conservatism (before the T.E.A. Party) and of the T.E.A. Party-enraged
members' of Congress opposition to government expansion.
Formisano, Ronald P. The Tea Party: A Brief History. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 2012.
Print. The Tea Party: A Brief History is written by Ronald P. Formisano. Formisano is
the William T. Bryan Chair of American History at the Univeristy of Kentucky; he has
written books such as For the People: American Populist Movements from the Revolution
to the 1850s. Formisano's work is derived from his previous lectures on populism at
various universities in the United States in which he was advised to write on the modern
Tea Party. Thus, The Tea Party: A Brief History is a scholarly work on the beginnings of
the Tea Party and its influences.
Gadsden, Christopher. The Gadsden Flag. N.d. US Flag. Web. 6 Jan. 2013.
<http://www.usflag.org/history/gadsden.html>. The image of the Gadsden Flag is used to
present the primary banner of the Tea Party, which was adapted from the same flag used
during the American Revolution by Colonel Christopher Gadsden, and symbolizes the
sense of an ideological "fight for freedom from an oppressive government" and the zeal
for the Tea Party.
The Newsroom - Rinos, Real Republicans, The Tea Party, The Founding Fathers on Religion
and More. YouTube. N.p., 27 Aug. 2012. Web. 29 Dec. 2012.
<http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lAjX2aiX3PM>. The edited video clip of the
fictional television show The Newsroom of the fictional news anchor's description of the
T.E.A. Party and "R.I.N.O.(s)" (Republicans in Name Only) is used to present a
entertainment reaction to the T.E.A. Party uprising, and to support the evidence (the
creators attempt to be historically accurate) of the T.E.A. Party's forcing the Republican
shift "rightward."
The Newsroom - Tea Party Is the American Taliban. YouTube. N.p., 27 Aug. 2012. Web. 29
Dec. 2012. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yGAvwSp86hY>. The video clip from
the television show The Newsroom of the new anchor's criticizing of the T.E.A. Party
(and presenting a critical T.E.A. Party platform) is used to present the media's attacks on
the T.E.A. Party (in entertainment), and to support the separation of the Republican party
between the T.E.A. Party and the Grand Old Party.
Schwartz, Ian. Scarborough: Extremists Leading GOP to "Absolute Catastrophe". Real Clear
Politics. Real Clear Politics, 21 Dec. 2012. Web. 6 Jan. 2013.
<http://www.realclearpolitics.com/video/2012/12/21/scarborough_extremists_leading_go
p_to_absolute_catastrophe.html>. The video clip (online) of the Morning Joe's
conservative anchor Joe Scarborough's explosive criticism of the right wing (Tea Party)
sect of the Republican party is used to present an established "RINO," who represents the
popular frustration with the radical sect of the Republican party and Congress.
Skocpol, Theda, and Vanessa Williamson. The Tea Party and the Remaking of Republican
Conservatism. New York City: Oxford UP, USA, 2012. Print. The research, non-fiction
book The Tea Party and the Remaking of Republican Conservatism is written by Theda
Skocpol and Vanessa Williamson. Williamson is a researcher that was curious of the Tea
Party movement. Williamson joined Tea Party and the Organization for America
(O.F.A)., company based on candidate Obama's election in 2008. Williamson, however,
found more appeal in the Tea Party's actions. Theda Skocpol is a professor of political
science and sociology at the Harvard Department of Sociology. Skocpol is deemed "left-
leaning" by the blog The Daily Beast, and writes articles for the New York Times such as
"Whose Tea Party Is It?" (co-written with Vanessa Williamson). Thus, the book is a
scholarly, yet "bi-partisan" text that discusses the motives, the development, and the
influence of the Tea Party.
"Tea Party Patriots Campaigning against Obomacare." The Telegraph. Telegraph Media Group,
5 Jan. 2011. Web. 28 Dec. 2012.
<http://blogs.telegraph.co.uk/news/author/alexsingleton/page/2/>. The photograph from
Alex Singleton's 2011 Telegraph article (January 5) of a Tea Party Patriots campaign
against the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act is used to illustrate the strong Tea
Party opposition to "Obamacare" and its comprehension and use of politics such as
socialism.
Tertiary Sources
Kennedy, David M., Lizabeth Cohen, and Thomas A. Bailey. The American Pageant. 12th ed.
Boston: Houghton, 2002. Print. David M. Kennedy is the Donald J. McLachlan Professor
of History at Stanford University--a teacher for 30 years. Kennedy has written books
such as Birth Control in America: The Career of Margaret Sanger (1970), Over Here:
The First World War and American Society (1980), and Freedom from Fear: The
American People in Depression and War (1929-1945). Kennedy is a scholar of President
Franklin Roosevelt. Lizabeth Cohen is the Howard Mumford Jones Professor of
American studies at the history department of Harvard Univeristy (previously of New
York University, and Carnegie Mellon University). Cohen has an A.B., an M.A., and a
Ph.D. Cohen has written the books Making a New Deal: Industrial Workers in Chicago,
1919-1939 (1990), and A Consumers' Republic: The Politics of Mass Consumption in
Postwar America, and the article "Encountering Mass Culture at the Grassroots: The
Experience of Chicago Workers in the 1920s. Thomas A. Bailey taught history for 40
years at Stanford University, and was an author of 20 books; he prides most The
American Pageant. The American Pageant is a non-partisan textbook for Advanced
Placement United States History courses.
Singer-Vine, Jeremy. "How Much Are Super PACs Spending?" Chart. The Wall Street Journal.
Dow Jones and Company, Dec. 2012. Web. 6 Jan. 2013. <http://projects.wsj.com/super-
pacs/#>. The infographic-chart of the recorded (as of December 2012) amount of money
spent on candidates and the passing of federal, state, and local bills is used to present the
consolidated, organized data of all major Super PACs and the majority Super PAC
support for Republican and Tea Party candidates and platforms.