Anlkle joint

D.Rania GabrD.Sama.D.Elsherbiny

Calcaneus

Talus

Navicular

Cuboid

Cuneiform bones

Metatarsals

Phalanges

Tarsal bones

Cuboid Calcaneus

TalusN

C

Sustentaculum tali

Sesamoid bone

Medial tubercle

Lateral tubercle

Ankle joint

Planter-flexion

Dorsi-flexion

Talo-calcaneo-navicular joint

Calcaneo cuboid joint Subtaler joint

Eversion Inversion

ANKLE JOINT

Anterior view Lateral view

Type & Articular Surfaces

ARTICULAR SURFACES:UPPER:A socket formed by: Lateral malleolus. the lower end of tibia & medial malleolus.

LOWER:Body of talus.

TYPE: synovial, hinge joint.

LigamentsMEDIAL (DELTOID) LIGAMENT:A strong triangular ligament.Apex: attached to medial malleolus.Base: subdivided into 4 parts:1. Anterior tibiotalar part.2. Tibionavicular part.3. Tibiocalcaneal part.4. Posterior tibiotalar part.

LATERAL LIGAMENT:Composed of 3 separate ligaments 1. Anterior talofibular ligament.2. Calcaneofibular ligament.3. Posterior talofibular ligament.

1

2

3

12 3 4

Movements

DORSIFLEXION: Performed by muscles of anterior compartment of leg (tibialis

anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus & peroneus tertius).

PLANTERFLEXION: Initiated by soleus. Maintained by gastrocnemius. Assisted by other muscles in posterior compartment of leg (tibialis

posterior, flexor digitorum longus & flexor hallucis longus) + muscles of lateral compartment of leg (peroneus longus & peroneus brevis).

Joints of the Foot

1. Subtalar Joint: Articular surface:

between the talus and calcaneus.

Movement: inversion and eversion of the foot.

2. Talocalcaneonavicular joint Type: synovial ball and socket.

3. Calcaneocuboid Joint:

Type: synovial, plane joint

4. Talocalcanean Joint:Type: Synovial, plane variety.

Inferior extensor

retinaculum

Superior extensor

retinaculum

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Tom……..Has……..Very……Nice….Dog…..&Pig

Extensor Retinaculum

Peroneal Retinacula

P.BP.L

Flexor retinaculumTom……..Dose……..Very……Nice….Hat…..

Arches of the Foot

1. Longitudinal Arch: is divided into two parts:a) Medial arch.b) Lateral arch.

• Medial longitudinal arch: Function: Important in the process of walking and running.• Lateral longitudinal arch: Function: important in supporting the body weight, 2. Transverse Arch:Function: Protection of the soft tissue of the sole of the foot during standing or walking.

Arches of the Foot

Factors maintaining the arches of the foot:1. Shape of the bones. 2. Long tendons of the foot:3. Ligaments of the joints of the foot: 4. Planter aponeurosis:5. Superficial fascia:Flat foot: loss of the arches of the foot.Causes: ??