Post on 14-Jun-2015
description
Animal Tissues
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Categories of Tissues
oEpitheliumoConnectiveoMuscleoNervous
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Tissues in Animals
Epithelial tissue covers the whole surface of the body. It is made up of cells that are closely packed and are composed of one or more layers. This tissue is specialized to form the covering or lining of all internal and external body surfaces. Epithelial tissue that occurs on surfaces on the interior of the body is known as endothelium.
Epithelial tissue
Cellular arrangements in epithelial tissues. (a) (a) Squamous. (b) Cuboidal. (c) Columnar. (d) Stratified squamous. (e) Pseudostratified. (f) Transitional.
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Connective TissueoCharacterized by the cells widely
separated from each other in a matrix that is produced by the cells.
oTissue protects and supports.oCell Matrix composed of two regionsoGroundoLiquid (sol), Gel, Gum or solid
oFibersoNon-elastic (= white or Collagen)oElastic (= yellow fibers)
oTypes of Connective tissue
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Types of Connective Tissue
oLoose (Areolar) Connective Tissue
oDense Connective TissueoAdiposeoCartilageoBoneoBlood
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Loose Connective Tissue (Areolar)
oGel like ground with both elastic and non-elastic fibers running though the ground in many directions.oWraps and cushions organsoUnder the skin
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Dense Regular Connective Tissue• Nuclei and fibers arranged in
parallel rows.• Tendons and ligaments• Fibers mostly non-elastic
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Adipose (Fat)• Function as storage cells for
adipose (lipids)• Adipose cells contain a large
vacuole which in the live cell contains lipids.
• Cell nucleus and cytoplasm are pushed out to edge of cell membrane.
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Cartilage• Ground of matrix is gum like.• Cells are found in Lacunae within the
matrix.• Fibers may be elastic or non-elastic, or
a form of non-elastic called reticular(where the non-elastic fibers of very thin)• Hyaline Cartilage-example on the
ends of bones• Elastic Cartilage- example ear
cartilage• Non-elastic Cartilage- example nose
cartilage.
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Hyaline cartilage
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Elastic Cartilage
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Bone• Ground of matrix is Solid (Calcium
carbonate).• Has blood supply and nerves
running through the Haversian canal systems.
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Vascular Tissue (Blood)• Liquid matrix = plasma
• 90% water• 10%Plasma proteins, electrolytes,
hormones, oxygen, glucose etc.• Formed elements
• Erythrocytes -48billion(female) to 54 billion (male) cell / ml of blood in humans. Mammals are enucleated while rest of the vertebrates they have nuclei
• Leukocytes -about 7.5 million / ml of blood
• Platelets -blood clotting
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Blood
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Muscle Tissue
Tissue with cells having fibers specialized for contraction. Skeletal Muscle (Striated, voluntary)
Parallel elongated cells (fibers) multinucleated and each cell is the length of the
muscle.Light meat, Dark meat—Slow twitch, fast twitch
muscle Smooth Muscle (Visceral, involuntary)
Cells are long and tapered. Organized into sheets of muscle.
Cardiac MuscleIntercalated discMyogenicbranched
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Tissues in AnimalsMuscular tissue
Muscles of the body are made up of elongated muscle cells also known as muscle fibre. The movement of the body is brought about by the contraction and relaxation of contractile protein present in muscle cells. These contractile proteins are actin and myosin.
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Skeletal Muscle
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Smooth Muscle
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Cardiac Muscle
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Nervous Tissue• Cells specialized to polarize and depolarize.
• Cell is a neuron
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