Animal Kingdom

Kingdom Animalia• Eukaryotic• No Cell walls• Multicellular• Heterotrophic• Sexual reproducers• Able to move (except sponges)

• 95% are invertebrates (no backbone)

Adaptations• Animals have specific adaptations to

make them successful in their environment

Camel hump actually stores fat; can drink 53 gallons of water in 3 minutes; while exhaling, water vapor is trapped in nostrils and then reabsorbed; feces is really dry

Transport through Animals• Large animals have a circulatory

system with blood to transport nutrients and gases– Smaller animals (ex: worms) rely on

osmosis and diffusion through skin

Excretion in Animals• Excretion involves the removal of

wastes (main is ammonia)• Animals have complete digestive

systems (mouth anus)• Cellular waste products are also

carried through the blood stream (ex: CO2)

• Animals with kidneys filter out wastes

Nutrition in Animals• Filter feeders – worms• Special mouthparts – insects• Specialized teeth – mammals• Beak adaptations – birds

• Digestive system breaks down nutrients; diffusion occurs into cells

How do animals regulate water??• Land and Freshwater Animals: –Water is re-absorbed in kidneys and

intestines• Urine can be concentrated to conserve water• Feces is dry • “Thirst” is felt from low water content in blood• Water is pulled from cells (ex: mouth becomes

dry)• Marine Animals:–Water is constantly taken in, salts are

removed (ex: salt glands on tortoise)

How do animals exchange gases?

• Lungs• Gills• Holes in exoskeleton• Holes in skin

How do animals obtain energy?• Cellular respiration– Glucose + Oxygen Carbon Dioxide + Water +

ATP!!

• Glucose is obtained through eating food

How do animals reproduce?• Sexually– Eggs + Sperm– Some reproduce externally by laying

eggs and external fertilization– Some reproduce internally• Placental mammals• Marsupials• Lay eggs

How do animals grow?• Mitosis– Asexual body cells

How do animals regulate temperature?

• Endothermic– Internal thermostat– Panting, licking, sweating

• Exothermic– “cold blooded”– Depend on environment

• Extra fat (ex: blubber)• Hair/Fur

Animals and Their Adaptations• Kangaroo Rat: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wkJLHnYy_G0

• Antechinus: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zv7b-KPg9hY

• Pangolin: http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/animals/mammals-animals/other-mammals/weirdest-pangolin/

• Platypus: http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/animals/mammals-animals/kangaroos-koalas-more/deadliest-platypus/

Animal Comparative Anatomy