Ancient Rome

Social 9

Social Classes

Rich people – Patricians

Poor people - Plebians

Reflected in education, military service, careers, decorations, clothing

Social Classes….clothing

Simple Tunic – worn by people with active lives (slaves, children, workers)

Toga – a white robe worn by important men (6m long, wrapped around the body and over the shoulder. Quite heavy!)

Women – wore a long dress (stola) over an under-tunic. Girls wore white until they were married, after which they wore bright colors

PoliticalPolitical & Physical Geography

4th C – Rome most powerful Built garrison towns to protect borders,

located near Mountains or rivers Housing shortage in Rome – therefore they

used apartments! All cities had a ‘Forum’ –

gov’t buildings, shops, temples

Natural resources (lots of metals)

‘‘7 Hills’ 7 Hills’ Mountains Lots of Ports Air - polluted

Political & PhysicalPhysical Geography

NORTH AFRICA

SPAIN

BRITAIN

GERMANYFRANCE

ITALY

GREECE

TURKEY

EGYPT

Government

In the early days, Rome was ruled by kings (first king – Romulus)

When the Romans threw out the last king, they set up a REPUBLIC

Republic of Rome

When the republic was first set up, the people in charge were the 2 consuls

Consuls were elected by the senate to lead for a year Had control of the army, therefore deciding on war Decided how much tax to collect and the laws They both had to agree to make any changes – if

either of them ‘vetoed’ then nothing could be done

Republic of Rome

SenateWere made up of the wealthy families –

once you got into the senate, you stayed for life

Gave advice to the consuls

Republic of Rome

Assembly All those who had citizenship/free men Voted on whatever the consul asked (rich people

had more votes than poor)

Tribune These are the people who represented the

commoners (plebians) Elected by the assembly Could veto things that affected the poor (pretty

much everything)

Republic of Rome

“Rome’s Republic fell due to the popularity of Julius Caesar. Caesar won many battles as a leader in the Roman army, and was appointed as a consul in the Roman government. Caesar’s popularity eventually made him more powerful than the Roman Republic. Caesar was assassinated by Roman senators, beginning the age of the Roman Empire. Rome was now ruled by a single person, called a Caesar.”

Kirk Langer, http://sites.lps.org/wq11/stories/storyReader$7

Government

Imperial Rome – 27 BCE Emperor – first citizen, he

controlled army (Augustus was the first)

Senate – highest court, made laws, governed provinces (housed in the forum)

Council – senators elected, Emperor’s advisors

Citizens elected representatives

Economy (Business & Money)

Thousands of people worked in small farms, fishing, market, gardening, and wine

Rich in natural resources from all over the Empire (grain - Egypt, vine & olives - Mediterranean, gold & silver - Spain, timber, marble - Italy

Pottery, cloth, perfume, glass, mining Lots of trade High unemployment in cities Public welfare programs (schools, free grain,

etc.)

Military

Army life was tough, and discipline severeConscripts were required to supply their

own weaponsThe army was divided into groups

Legion - 5 500 men including mounted and foot soldiers

Cohort – 500 menCentury – 80 men

…& Now the Rest

Now it is your job to finish your graphic organizer:

•Fill in the empty boxes•Use Point Form

Education

Most children did not go to school – they learned a trade from their parent, and addition at the market

Boys might be trained to fight with swords or ride horses in preparation for joining the army.

Girls would be taught to run the home in preparation for marriage

Wealthy families provided private tutors for their children (Latin, Greek, arithmetic, history, poetry the sometimes instruments)

Entertainment

Music was important – played at banquets, weddings, funerals, theatre, home, between gladiator fights and other public events.

Theatre – Greek comedies and tragediesGames – board games, gambling, chess

etc.

Family

Family was very important, it included everyone in the household – father, wife, children, slaves and even close relatives

Childhood was short – a girl would be betrothed by age 12 and a boy by 14. Marriage took place a few years later.

Religion

Believed in many different gods and goddesses

Some were the same as ancient Greece but with different names

Temples were built, festivals thrown and sacrifices made in honor of them

Religion

Roman Gods/Goddesses Jupiter – most powerful, sky

god Venus – goddess of love Mars – god of war Pluto – god of the underworld Mercury – messenger god Neptune – god of the sea

Juno – married to Jupiter Minerva – goddess of wisdom

Greek Gods/Goddesses Zeus – most powerful, sky

god Aphrodite – goddess of love Ares – god of war Hades – god of the underworld Hermes – messenger god Poseidon – god of the sea Hera – married to Zeus Athena – goddess of wisdom