Post on 02-Jun-2018
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ReproductiveSystem
Chapter 19
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Chapter 19 What is the Reproductive
System?
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Functions of theReproductive System
1.Production
ofGametes
What is gametes?
Reproductive systemproduces these gametes:
Sperm cells in the testesofmales andoocytes(eggs)inthe ovariesoffemale
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Functions of theReproductive System
1.Production
ofGametes
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Functions of theReproductive System
2.
Fertilization
An act or process of makingfertile;The process of union of twogametes whereby the somaticof chromosome number isrestored and the developmentof new individual is initiated
Fertilization is?
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4.
Productionof sex
hormones.
Sex hormones are?
a steroid hormone that isproduced esp. ovaries, testes oradrenal cortex & that exertsestrogenic, progestational or
androgenic activity on the growthor function of the reproductiveorgans or development ofsecondary sex characteristics
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Production of Gametes
Fertilization
Development & Nourishment of a new individual
Production of Sex Hormones
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Formation Of Gametes
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Formation of Gametes
Testesin malesproduce
gametes/Sex CellsOvariesin femalesalso
produce gametes/ Sex Cells
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Formation of gametes in males and femalesoccurs by a type of cell division called meiosis
Meiosis occurs only In the testesand ovaries During Meiosis one cell undergoes two
consecutive cell divisions to produce fourdaughter cells, each having half as manychromosomes as theparent cell
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Two Divisions of Meiosis
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EarlyProphase I
Duplicated chromosomes become visiblechromatids
MiddleProphase I
Pairs of chromosomes synapse. Crossing over
may occur at this stage
Metaphase I
Pairs of chromosome align along the center ofthe cell.
Anaphase I
Chromosomes move apart to opposite sides of
the cell
Telophase I
New Nuclei form, and the cell divides Each. Cellnow has two sets of half the chromosomes
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Prophase II
Each chromosome consist of twochromatids.
Middle ProphaseII
Chromosomes align along the center of thecell
Anaphase II
Chromatids separate, and each is now called achromosome
Telophase II
New nuclei form around the chromosomes.The cell divide to form four daughter cellswith half as many chromosomes as the parentcell.
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Because each chromosome consist of 2chromatids, the pairing of the chromosomes
brings 2 chromatids of each chromosomeclose together. Part of a chromatid of 1chromosome breaks off and is exchangedwith part of another chromatid from theother chromosome this is called crossing overwhich allows the exchange of geneticmaterial between chromosomes
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Male Reproductive System
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Testes
Series of Ducts
Epididymides
Ducta deferentia
Urethra
Accessory Glands
Seminal Glands
Prostate Glands Bulbourethral Glands
Supporting Structures
Scrotum
Penis
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Are very heat-sensitive and must develop at atemperature slightly less than normal body
temperature. Sperm cells develop in testes Sperm cells travel from each testesto the
prostate gland and then empty into the
urethra. The Urethraexits the pelvispassesthrough penisand opens to the outside ofthe body.
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Is a saclike structure containing the testes. It is divided into right and left internal
compartments by incomplete connectivetissue septum. Dartos Muscle-layer of smooth muscle;(in
cold temperature) dartos muscle contracts
causing the skin of the scrotum to firm andwrinkled.
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Are oval organs, each about 4-5cm long The pair of male reproductive glands
enclosed in the scrotum that produce themale sex hormone testosterone and thespermatozoa.
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Seminiferous tubules- which sperm cellsdevelop
Seminiferous tubules contains: 1.) Germ cells and egg or sperm or one of
their antecedent cells 2.Sustentacular cells- cell line the wall of the
seminiferous tubules to which spermatogoniaand spermatids are attached Interstitial cells/leydig cells- which secrete
testosterone
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Is the formation of the sperm cell Spermatogonia- a primitive male germ cell that
gives rise to primary spermatocytes in
spermatogenesis Primary spermatocytes- diploid spermatocyte
that has not yet undergone meiosis Secondary spermatocyte- is produced by
division of a primary spermatocyte in the firstmeiotic division and that gives in second meioticdivision to give spermatids
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Acrosome-contains enzymes that arereleased during the process of fertilization
and are necessary for the sperm cell topenetrate the oocyte or egg cell
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Rete testis- network of tubules in themediastinum testis
Efferent ductules-carry sperm cells from thetestis to a tightly coiled series of threadliketubules that form a comma-shaped structureon the posterior side of the testis calledepididymis
Capacitation-occur after ejaculation of semeninto the vagina and prior to fertilization.
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Emerges from the epididymis and ascendsalong the posterior side of the testis to
become associated with the blood vesselsand nerves that supply testis.
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Consist of the ductus deferens, testicularartery and veins, lymphatic vessels and
testicular nerve. It is surrounded by the cremaster muscle and
two connective tissue sheaths.
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Either of a part of glandular pouches that lieone on either side of the male reproductive
tract and that in human males secrete a sugarand protein-containing fluid into theejaculatory duct
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