Post on 12-Jan-2016
Anatomy of cardiovascular system
BMS 231: 2015/2016
DR SOBIA IKRAMDR AQEELA BANODR SADIA FARHAN
Table of Contents
1. Objectives for this lesson2. Function of the Cardiovascular system and the
Blood Vessels involved .3. Location , coverings, walls and Layers of the
Heart.4. External and Internal Anatomy of Heart
chambers and heart valves.5. Coronary circulation and Conducting system
of the heart.6. Anatomy of Aorta , arterial and Venous
Drainage of the heart.
Objectives
When you finish this lesson, you should be able to • Describe the Functions of the Cardiovascular
system and the blood Vessels involved. • Identify the Location, coverings , walls and Layers
of the heart.• Understand the External and Internal Anatomy of
the Heart and its Valves. • Explain the conducting system and the coronary
circulation of the heart.• Understand the Anatomy of Aorta, arterial and
Venous Drainage of the heart.
The Cardiovascular System
The function of the cardiovascular system is
• Deliver oxygen and nutrients • Remove carbon dioxide and other
waste products
A closed system of the heart and blood vessels· The heart pumps blood· Blood vessels allow blood to circulate to
all parts of the body
The Cardiovascular System
BLOOD VESSELS
• Arteries are the vessels that take the blood away from the heart.
• Veins are thinner walled vessels compared to arteries. They move deoxygenated blood toward the heart from the tissues.
• Capillaries are the smallest vessels. They form the point of exchange for oxygen and nutrients into body cells and waste products coming from body cells.
BLOOD VESSELS
Heart Anatomy
Location of heart • Posterior to sternum• Anterior to vertebral column• Medial to lungs• Base lies beneath 2nd rib• Apex lies in 5th intercostal space
• Lies upon diaphram
The Heart: Coverings
Pericardium – a double layered serous membrane that surrounds the heart.
1. Visceral pericardium· Next to heart
2. Parietal pericardium· Outer layer
Serous fluid fills the space between the layers of pericardium is called pericardial fluid
Pericardium
The Heart Wall
Three layers· Epicardium
· Outside layer· This layer is the visceral pericardium
· Myocardium· Middle layer· Mostly cardiac muscle
· Endocardium· Inner layer
There are four chambers of the heart
1. Two atrias - right and left atrium.2. Two ventricles - right and left ventricles
Heart Anatomy (CHAMBERS)
Heart Anatomy (CHAMBERS)
ATRIAsmall, thin-walled chambers
Functions Receives blood
RIGHT ATRIUM Receives blood from Superior and Inferior
Vena Cava
LEFT ATRIUM
Receives blood from Pulmonary Veins
Heart Anatomy (CHAMBERS)
VENTRICLES» make up most of the mass of the
heart
» the walls of the left ventricle are 3 times thicker than those of the right ventricle
Heart Anatomy (CHAMBERS)
VENTRICLES Function
Pushes the blood to the body and lungs
RIGHT VENTRICLEPushes the blood to lungs by right and left
pulmonary arteries.
LEFT VENTRICLEPushes the blood to the body through aorta.
Heart Anatomy (Valves)
HEART VALVES • The valves help the blood to flow in
one direction
• The valves open and close in response to differences in blood pressure on their two sides
Heart Anatomy (Valves)
• ATRIOVENTRICULAR VALVES
LIES BETWEEN ATRIA AND VENTRICLES
– Tricuspid Valve (right side)
– Mitral Valve (left side)
Heart Anatomy(Valves)• SEMILUNAR VALVES
– located between the ventricles and the large arteries
– Pulmonary Valve (right side)
– Aortic Valve (left side)
Heart Anatomy(Valves)
Coronary circulation
• Anterior view
Conduction system of heart
• The heart is controlled by the ANS – it increases/decreases contraction, but it does NOT initiate it.
• The heart has its own regulating system = conduction system
• The conduction system is composed of specialized muscle tissue that generates action potentials within cardiac tissue
CONDUCTING SYSTEM OF HEART
ANATOMY OF CONDUCTIVE SYSTEM OF HEART
1. SA NODE Located in the right atrial wall
2. AV NODE Located in the interatrial septum
ANATOMY OF CONDUCTIVE SYSTEM
3. AV BUNDLELocated at the interventricular septum
4. BUNDLE BRANCHESLocated below the AV bundle
5. CONDUCTION MYOFIBERS (Purkinje Fibers)Located in the ventricular myocardium
CONDUCTING SYSTEM OF HEART
CONDUCTION SYSTEM OF THE HEART
http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter22/animation__conducting_system_of_the_heart.html
Major Arteries of the Upper and lower limb
Veins of the Upper and lower limb
Lungs
Body cells
SUMMARY of our Circulatory System
the right side of the
system
deals with
deoxygenated blood.
the left side of the
system
deals with
oxygenated blood.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sI6yXy3u2sI
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZQd73stLZl8