Anatomy and Anatomy and Physiology for Physiology for

Emergency CareEmergency CareChapter TwelveChapter Twelve

BloodBlood

ObjectivesObjectives

Describe the important components and Describe the important components and major functions of bloodmajor functions of blood

Discuss the composition and functions of Discuss the composition and functions of plasmaplasma

Describe the origin and production of the Describe the origin and production of the formed elements in bloodformed elements in blood

Discuss the characteristics and functions Discuss the characteristics and functions of red blood cellsof red blood cells

ObjectivesObjectives

Explain the factors that determine a Explain the factors that determine a person’s blood type and why blood types person’s blood type and why blood types are importantare important

Categorize the various white blood cells Categorize the various white blood cells on the basis of their structures and on the basis of their structures and functionsfunctions

Describe the mechanisms that reduce Describe the mechanisms that reduce blood loss after an injuryblood loss after an injury

The Functions of BloodThe Functions of Blood

Transportation of dissolved gasses, Transportation of dissolved gasses, nutrients, hormones, and metabolic wastenutrients, hormones, and metabolic waste

The regulation of pH and electrolyte The regulation of pH and electrolyte composition of interstitial fluids throughout composition of interstitial fluids throughout the bodythe body

The restriction of fluid losses through The restriction of fluid losses through damaged vessels or at other injury sitesdamaged vessels or at other injury sites

Defense against toxins and pathogensDefense against toxins and pathogens The stabilization of body temperatureThe stabilization of body temperature

The Composition of BloodThe Composition of Blood

Blood Collection Blood Collection AnalysisAnalysis

PlasmaPlasma

Differences between Plasma and Differences between Plasma and Interstitial FluidInterstitial Fluid

Plasma ProteinsPlasma Proteins

Formed ElementsFormed Elements

Production of Formed Production of Formed ElementsElements

Sickling of Red Blood CellsSickling of Red Blood Cells

Formed ElementsFormed Elements

Red Blood CellsRed Blood Cells Structure of RBC’sStructure of RBC’s Hemoglobin Structure and Hemoglobin Structure and

FunctionFunction RBC Life Span and RBC Life Span and

CirculationCirculation Hemoglobin Conservation Hemoglobin Conservation

and Recyclingand Recycling Red Blood Cell FormationRed Blood Cell Formation

Stages of RBC MaturationStages of RBC Maturation The Regulation of The Regulation of

ErythropoiesisErythropoiesis

Formed ElementsFormed Elements

Red Blood CellsRed Blood Cells Blood TypesBlood Types

Antibodies and Cross-Antibodies and Cross-ReactionsReactions

Formed ElementsFormed Elements White Blood CellsWhite Blood Cells

WBC Circulation and MovementWBC Circulation and Movement General FunctionsGeneral Functions NeutrophilsNeutrophils EosinophilsEosinophils BasophilsBasophils MonocytesMonocytes LymphocytesLymphocytes

T cellsT cells B cellsB cells Natural killer (NK)Natural killer (NK)

Differential count and Changes in WBC ProfilesDifferential count and Changes in WBC Profiles White Blood Cell FormationWhite Blood Cell Formation

White Blood CellsWhite Blood Cells

Origins and Differentiation of Origins and Differentiation of Blood CellsBlood Cells

Formed ElementsFormed Elements

PlateletsPlatelets

HemostasisHemostasis

The Clotting PhaseThe Clotting Phase Extrinsic, Intrinsic, and Extrinsic, Intrinsic, and

Common PathwaysCommon Pathways

HemostasisHemostasis

Clot Retraction and Clot Retraction and RemovalRemoval

SummarySummary

Emergency Care Emergency Care ApplicationsApplications

Chapter 12Chapter 12

Blood Banking and TransfusionBlood Banking and Transfusion

Red Blood CellsRed Blood Cells PlasmaPlasma PlateletsPlatelets White Blood CellsWhite Blood Cells Plasma DerivativesPlasma Derivatives

Blood Transfusion ReactionsBlood Transfusion Reactions

Thrombolytic Therapy: The Era Thrombolytic Therapy: The Era of Reperfusionof Reperfusion

Acute Coronary Acute Coronary SyndromeSyndrome

Acute Ischemic Acute Ischemic StrokeStroke

Pulmonary EmbolusPulmonary Embolus Deep Vein Deep Vein

ThrombosisThrombosis Peripheral Arterial Peripheral Arterial

OcclusionOcclusion

Summary Summary